Habibolah Rezaei; Seyede Yasamin Hossayni; Seyed Alisaleh Golami; Masoud Yousefi; Fatemeh Mohammadi
Abstract
Background: Identifying ethical challenges and then developing ethical codes and making ethical decisions are one of the solutions to promote professional ethics in any field. Given that ethical challenges in Iranian dentistry education have not been identified so far, the aim of the present study was ...
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Background: Identifying ethical challenges and then developing ethical codes and making ethical decisions are one of the solutions to promote professional ethics in any field. Given that ethical challenges in Iranian dentistry education have not been identified so far, the aim of the present study was to explain the ethical challenges in dentistry education.Methods: The present qualitative research was performed using qualitative content analysis approach. Participants included faculty members and students of general dentistry from dental schools of metropolitan area 5 of Iran (Shiraz, Yasuj, Bushehr, and Bandar Abbas); they were selected using purposeful sampling. The researcher collected data using semi-structured interviews and focus group. Participants’ conversations were recorded, implemented immediately, and analyzed using MAXQDATA software version 10. Confirmability, credibility, dependability, and transferability were used as the criteria used to ensure scientific accuracy.Results: A total of 16 faculty members attended focus group sessions and individual interviews. A total of 114 codes were extracted, which were classified into three main categories: ethical challenge in the educational system (three subcategories), educational ethical challenge related to faculty members (four subcategories), and educational ethical challenge related to students (two sub-categories).Conclusion: There are many ethical challenges in the field of dental education from the faculty members and students’ perspective that must be addressed by faculty authorities, faculty members, and students. It is suggested that solutions to address these challenges should be considered in future researches; if necessary, appropriate ethical codes should be codified in this regard.
Mojtaba Jafarvand; Saeid Ahmadi; Ali Safari Variani; Sakineh Varmazyar
Abstract
Background: Awkward posture during work is one of the most critical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. A laptop desk fitting with users’ body dimensions plays a crucial role in maintaining proper posture and reducing musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to redesign and fabricate ...
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Background: Awkward posture during work is one of the most critical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. A laptop desk fitting with users’ body dimensions plays a crucial role in maintaining proper posture and reducing musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to redesign and fabricate a folding ergonomic laptop desk for college students.Methods: In this experimental applied study, two hundred and seven college students were considered participants to design an ergonomic laptop desk and fifty students for posture evaluation. Six anthropometric dimensions were measured: height, the height of elbows in the sitting position, elbow-elbow breadth, the length and height of both knees in the cross-legged sitting posture, and the length of the elbow-fingers. Then, two best selling laptop desks were selected and the RULA method assessed laptop users’ posture. Finally, using students’ anthropometric dimensions (n=207), a new laptop desk was designed and built in 2017.Results: The height of our designed laptop desk is adjustable (range of 20-28 cm), with a variable inclination of the desk (0- 34 degrees). It is possible to shorten or lengthen desk legs (48-72 cm), and a special plate of the mouse (19×46 cm) supports both elbows on the sides of the desk. RULA method showed action level 3, which required early change in desks 1 and 2.Conclusion: Applying user›s and expert opinions, measuring users› body dimensions, and applying those dimensions in design and construction can play a significant role in improving and correcting the laptop›s desks so that it could result in suitable posture in students.
Shohreh Javadpour; Mehdi Kargar; Hajar Haghshenas; Mohammad Hossein Kaveh
Abstract
Introduction: The role of fathers in adolescents’ health is regarded as less important than mothers. This necessitates considering their role more than before. The present study was conducted to investigate the associations between high school students’ demographic profile and their general ...
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Introduction: The role of fathers in adolescents’ health is regarded as less important than mothers. This necessitates considering their role more than before. The present study was conducted to investigate the associations between high school students’ demographic profile and their general health with the fatherhood characteristics of their fathers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 604 girl and boy students in 2015 in Shiraz (Iran). The data collection tools included two self-administered questionnaires and a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Two self-administered questionnaires consisted of 5 demographic and 16 fatherhood characteristics questions. They were selected through a simple random sampling method, and the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and descriptive statistics. The significance level was considered as 5%. Results: The findings showed that 495 students (46.90% girls and 53.10 boys) participated in the present study. They also demonstrated that 382 students were between 15-17 years old (79.20%) and 113 of them (20.80) aged about 18-19. There was significant associations between the mean scores of students general health and some of their fatherhood characteristics (P value=0.01). Some of their demographic information was also correlated to their general health significantly. The mean scores of fatherhood characteristics and students’ general health were, in turn, 38.56 (SD=14.6) and 44.99 (SD=9.69). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the role of fathers in their offspring’s health status. It makes it necessary to educate fathers and reinforce their capabilities to promote their children’s health.
Mehdi Jahangiri; Samira Baneshi; Zahra Saeedi Garagani; Mojtaba Kamalinia; Hadi Daneshmandi
Abstract
Background: The classroom is an important part of the educational environment, which should meet the standard requirements including safety and adequate spaces regarding the number of learners, color, lighting, noise, proper equipment, and air conditioning. This study aimed to investigate the safety ...
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Background: The classroom is an important part of the educational environment, which should meet the standard requirements including safety and adequate spaces regarding the number of learners, color, lighting, noise, proper equipment, and air conditioning. This study aimed to investigate the safety level of classrooms in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) classrooms (n = 63), in the south-west of Iran. Data regarding the safety measures were collected using an audit checklist. Finally, an index called Classroom Safety Requirement Index (CSRI) was introduced in order to calculate percentage of safety measures in the classrooms. Results: The results revealed that the ‘environmental condition’ dimension of the CSRI was in a good level. The ‘building’, ‘equipment’ and ‘electrical’ dimensions were in the medium level, and the ‘fire safety and emergency’ dimension was placed in the poor level. 38.70% of the classes (24 classes) were in the Standard Occupant Load (SOL or degree of overcrowding) and others (61.30% of classrooms) were overcrowded (unacceptable occupant load). Conclusion: The examined classrooms were very poor regarding the ‘fire safety’ and ‘emergency exit’, which requires proper and appropriate measures to improve safety in these areas.
Iran Jahanbin; Naval Heydari; Fariba Ghodsbin; Mehrab Sayadi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2015, , Pages 20-26
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections seen in all age and both sex groups which frequently occur among adolescent and young women. UTIs are the second most common cause of emergency department attendance for adolescents. Considering the importance of promoting ...
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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections seen in all age and both sex groups which frequently occur among adolescent and young women. UTIs are the second most common cause of emergency department attendance for adolescents. Considering the importance of promoting preventive behaviors of UTI, we aimed to evaluate the effect of peer education based on health belief model (HBM) on preventive behaviors of UTI among first-grade high school female students.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, we recruited 168 first-grade high school girl students who were assigned into intervention (n=84) and control (n=84) groups. Data were collected using an HBM questionnaire which was designed by the researcher based on the review of the literature; before, immediately after and one month after the intervention. A total of 12 students in the intervention groups were selected as peer educator and attended two 2-hour training sessions for one week and were trained by the researcher. Afterwards, the trained peers taught the learned materials to their peers in two 1-hour sessions for two weeks through conferences and question-andanswer sessions. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 using t test and RMANOVA. The significance level was set at <0.05.Results: The results showed that the mean scores of knowledge, HBM constructs and p reventive behaviors related to UTI significantly increased in the participants of intervention group immediately after and one month after the intervention.(P<0.001)Conclusion: Peer education based on HBM seem to promote preventive behaviors related to UTI and reduce the risk of the disease among students.Trial Registration Number: IRCT201404167531N5
