Zeynab Tabatabaei; Mohammad Ali Baghapour; Vafa Lotfi; Amin Samzadeh
Abstract
Background: Natural Organic Matters (NOMs) react in the presence of residual chlorine in distribution network pipes, producing such byproducts as Trihalomethanes which are carcinogenic and mutagenic. The present study was conducted to investigate the quality of drinking water in Shiraz. Methods: In this ...
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Background: Natural Organic Matters (NOMs) react in the presence of residual chlorine in distribution network pipes, producing such byproducts as Trihalomethanes which are carcinogenic and mutagenic. The present study was conducted to investigate the quality of drinking water in Shiraz. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 54 samples were taken from 27 locations in both summer and winter. For each sample, temperature, residual chlorine, pH, and NOM were measured during the two seasons. Residual chlorine and temperature measurement were performed at the sampling sites, but pH and NOM were measured in the laboratory. Results: According to the results, the mean concentrations of Total NOM (TNOM), residual chlorine, pH, and temperature varied from 0.9 to 5 m-1, 0 to 1.2 mg/L, 7.4 to 8 and 18 to 23.5 ᵒC in summer and from 0.3 to 1.5 m-1, 0 to 0.8 mg/L, 7.6 to 8.2 and 9.7 to 10.8 ᵒC in winter, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of all measured parameters, except for pH, were reported to be higher in summer than in winter. Conclusion: As a result, since the amount of NOM in the drinking water distribution network of Shiraz was not zero, regular monitoring of these compounds in the distribution networks is recommended to be done by engineers.
Mohammadreza Heydari; Nader Parsa; Rahim Davani
Volume 1, Issue 2 , October 2013, , Pages 67-76
Abstract
Background: Trihalomethanes are toxic and dangerous substances that are formed in the presence of organic materials when water is chlorinated for disinfection. The Iranian National Standard, World Health Organization, European Union, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and International Agency for Research ...
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Background: Trihalomethanes are toxic and dangerous substances that are formed in the presence of organic materials when water is chlorinated for disinfection. The Iranian National Standard, World Health Organization, European Union, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and International Agency for Research in Cancer standards have established a Maximum Contaminant Level for Trihalomethanes for the quality of consumable water. The aim of this study was to determine if the trihalomethanes level in the water of Fars province swimming pools comply with these recommendations.Methods: The laboratory study design was conducted by utilizing spectrophotometer Hack DR5000 VIS-UV equipment for evaluating trihalomethanes concentrations, digital photometer Palin-test for measuring chlorine and pH to process different samples collected from 43 indoor and outdoor swimming pools in Fars Province, Iran. The dependent variable was trihalomethanes and chlorine compounds were independent variables. Precise laboratory experimental methods and appropriate statistical analysis were conducted using SPSS.Results: Mean concentration of trihalomethanes was found to be 242.1μg/l, ranging from 0 to 990μg/l for 43 public swimming pools in Fars province. Association of trihalomethanes and chlorine components with analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was highly significant (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Study results showed that there were strong associations between chlorine compounds and trihalomethanes concentrations. The mean trihalomethanes was 1.2-times (241.2μg/l VS. 200.0μg/l) higher than the national and 3-folds (241.2μg/l VS. 80.0μg/l) higher than the worldwide standards. Therefore, based upon standard recommendations, this conclusion could pose a hazard to public health.
