Mahnaz Yadollahi; Leila Mohammadinia; Mojtaba Norouzi
Abstract
Background: Trauma, the most common cause of mortality in children and adolescents, imposes high costs on the community. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of trauma in children and adolescents and the risk factors associated with death to provide a clinical model of traumas in terms of ...
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Background: Trauma, the most common cause of mortality in children and adolescents, imposes high costs on the community. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of trauma in children and adolescents and the risk factors associated with death to provide a clinical model of traumas in terms of the type of injury and to adopt effective preventive interventions.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 12522 children and adolescents based on the data recorded in the Emergency Medical Services (EMS 115) in 2017. The study population consisted of trauma patients who had contacted EMS 115. Then, demographic and clinical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression model.Results: The results showed that 3448 out of the 12522 participants (27.5%) were female, and 9072 (72.5%) were male. The mean age of the injured people was 11.82±5.33 years. The highest and lowest injuries frequencies were accidents (71.8%) and drowning (22%), respectively. Additionally, the highest frequency of death was related to drowning (25.93%). Furthermore, accidents, combats, falls, and drowning significantly correlated with mortality (P<0.001).Conclusion: Considering the relationship between accidents, combats, falls, drowning, and mortality, it can be concluded that the identification of at risk groups, development of training courses, and adoption of protective measures can help take an effective step toward preventing these types of injuries and declining the frequency of mortality among trauma patients.
Sara Arshi
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to predict social adjustment based on the ability to solve social problems and self-compassion in adolescents.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this study includes all high school students in Shiraz in 2018. The statistical sample consisted ...
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Background: This study aimed to predict social adjustment based on the ability to solve social problems and self-compassion in adolescents.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this study includes all high school students in Shiraz in 2018. The statistical sample consisted of 800 students (400 girls and 400 boys) selected by random cluster sampling. The author used questionnaires of the California Social Adjustment Test, Self-Compassion Scale, and Short Form of Social Problem-Solving Questionnaire (SPSI-R: SF) to collect information from the sample group.
Results: There is a positive and significant relationship between social adjustment and the ability to solve social problems (r = 0.23, P <0.01). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between social adjustment and self-compassion (r = 0.017, P <0.01). Regression coefficients indicate that problem-solving ability (P = 0.34) and self-compassion (P = 0.30) can positively and significantly predict social adjustment and problem-solving ability has a stronger role in explaining social adjustment than self-compassion.
Conclusion: Problem-solving training was used as an effective way to create general, emotional, social, and educational adjustment of adolescents. People who have a high problem-solving ability can control their stress in normal and stressful situations.
Parviz Mirzaei; Nafiseh Vaez; Mohammad Hassan Talebian
Abstract
Background: The nature of population policies in the field of health, especially population, fertility, and childbearing is complicated, so the families’ and policymakers’ decision on the quantity and quality of the reproduction and the childbearing process has been controversial. This paper ...
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Background: The nature of population policies in the field of health, especially population, fertility, and childbearing is complicated, so the families’ and policymakers’ decision on the quantity and quality of the reproduction and the childbearing process has been controversial. This paper was conducted to identify and explain the adverse effects of population policies on reproductive health and childbearing in 1978-2020. Methods: This study has a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical design. The study participants were 30 managers and specialists who studied in the fields of policy, demography, sociology, and health at university of medical sciences in Khuzestan in 2019-2020. Delphi method was used and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was standardized by calculating the validity and reliability using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The authors analyzed data using descriptive and inferential statistics,. The main question was whether the population policies adopted after the Islamic Revolution have challenged decision-making on reproductive health and childbearing at both levels of operational managers and the society? The main hypothesis allocated the answer "yes" to itself. However, since policymakers still do not frequently use policy-making knowledge as a criterion for public policy, there is dissatisfaction and mistrust among families who have to implement the policies.. Thereforethe new message of the researchis that in the future, any decision and manipulation on health and population should be all-inclusive and comprehensive along with conservatism and maturity. Results: The significance level was observed in 18 items, and it indicates that population policies on reproductive health and childbearing in the studied variables have been facing challenges. The main challenges included lack of experts in reproductive health policymaking, lack of sufficient evidence to make decisions, lack of attention to spatial planning infertility policy making, lack of a coordinated system between the Ministry of Health and other ministries, lack of ideological-based reproductive health policymaking, lack of attention to the socio-economic evaluation of population policies, and lack of long-term strategic and sustainable vision in health-based policymaking. Conclusion: Population policies on reproductive health and childbearing after the revolution are not adequate for the country's decision-making system to achieve a proportionate and balanced population. Therefore, practical work and special responsibility accomplish the most promising demographic result
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: Suicide and Suicidal attempt at the 1996 World Health Organization Summit was an important public health and anti-social behavioral issue. Suicide rates are one of the most important indicators of the community's mental health. The present study was designed to elucidate the factors affecting ...
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Background: Suicide and Suicidal attempt at the 1996 World Health Organization Summit was an important public health and anti-social behavioral issue. Suicide rates are one of the most important indicators of the community's mental health. The present study was designed to elucidate the factors affecting suicidal attempts among adolescents.
Methods: This is a review study. Two researchers searched for suicide-related articles and related factors between October and November 2019 at five Latin scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Embase).
Results: The most important factors in suicidal attempts in adolescents included individual factors, family factors, and social factors. Hormonal changes in puberty in adolescents, especially in girls, can affect the adolescents’ behavior. The breakdown of the family structure can have negative consequences for children and cause them to commit suicidal attempts.
Conclusion: The available evidence indicates the influence of individual, family, and social factors at the beginning of the process of suicidal attempt among adolescents. Therefore, by focusing on preventing risk factors leading to suicidal behavior in adolescents, teaching how to deal with stress and increasing the adolescents' access to specialized counseling services and useful social networks, a suitable support system can be provided for these people.
Ali Golkari; Mehrdad Vossoughi; Mahsa Mohammadi; Arghavan Behbahanirad; Maryam Bakhtiar
Abstract
Background: Several items affect the use of dental services. The objective of this study was to assess the association between socio-economic status (SES) and dental insurance coverage with the use of dental services amongst Iranian adolescents aged 13-15 years old. Methods: In this cross sectional study, ...
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Background: Several items affect the use of dental services. The objective of this study was to assess the association between socio-economic status (SES) and dental insurance coverage with the use of dental services amongst Iranian adolescents aged 13-15 years old. Methods: In this cross sectional study, we used a researcher-made questionnaire to assess the association between socio-economic status (SES) and dental insurance coverage with the use of dental services in 423 Iranian adolescents aged 13-15 years old. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data, generate descriptive statistics, and perform multiple logistic regressions. Results: Use of dental services was statistically significant amongst the students with dental insurance and parents with higher income (P<0.001), which was independent of the other socio-economic factors (parent’s age, education and marital status). Conclusion: The results showed that one of the important policies to reduce inequality in dental care is to improve dental insurance coverage.
Mohammad Hossein Kaveh; Fatemeh Shirdel; Abdolrahim Asadollahi
Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2018, , Pages 36-39
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the quality of family relationships is associated with family members’ general health. Given of the scanty studies on adolescents, especially in Iran, this study aimed to determine the association between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescents’ general health. ...
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Evidence suggests that the quality of family relationships is associated with family members’ general health. Given of the scanty studies on adolescents, especially in Iran, this study aimed to determine the association between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescents’ general health. Methods: Out of 40 high schools in Behbahan, 10 were randomly selected, and then 391 students were selected through random sampling method. The Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire were used for data collection. Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, and ANOVA were used for data analysis in SPSS. Results: The findings of this study showed a significant and positive correlation between parent-adolescent conflict and general health (p=0.001, r=0.142). There was also a significant difference between the parent-adolescent conflict and mother's educational level (p=0.001), between general health and mother's educational level (p=0. 01), and between parent-adolescent conflict and father's educational level (p=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference between gender and parent-adolescent conflict and general health. Conclusion: According to the results, with an increase in parent-adolescent conflict, the general health scores would also increase, indicating lower general health. Further studies are recommended to identify familial conflict and general health (mental) risk factors. A family-oriented training program is recommended to improve the parent-adolescent communication skills
Iran Jahanbin; Naval Heydari; Fariba Ghodsbin; Mehrab Sayadi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2015, , Pages 20-26
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections seen in all age and both sex groups which frequently occur among adolescent and young women. UTIs are the second most common cause of emergency department attendance for adolescents. Considering the importance of promoting ...
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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections seen in all age and both sex groups which frequently occur among adolescent and young women. UTIs are the second most common cause of emergency department attendance for adolescents. Considering the importance of promoting preventive behaviors of UTI, we aimed to evaluate the effect of peer education based on health belief model (HBM) on preventive behaviors of UTI among first-grade high school female students.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, we recruited 168 first-grade high school girl students who were assigned into intervention (n=84) and control (n=84) groups. Data were collected using an HBM questionnaire which was designed by the researcher based on the review of the literature; before, immediately after and one month after the intervention. A total of 12 students in the intervention groups were selected as peer educator and attended two 2-hour training sessions for one week and were trained by the researcher. Afterwards, the trained peers taught the learned materials to their peers in two 1-hour sessions for two weeks through conferences and question-andanswer sessions. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 using t test and RMANOVA. The significance level was set at <0.05.Results: The results showed that the mean scores of knowledge, HBM constructs and p reventive behaviors related to UTI significantly increased in the participants of intervention group immediately after and one month after the intervention.(P<0.001)Conclusion: Peer education based on HBM seem to promote preventive behaviors related to UTI and reduce the risk of the disease among students.Trial Registration Number: IRCT201404167531N5
Alireza jafari Baghkheirati; Leila Ghahremani; Mohammad Hossein Kaveh; Sareh keshavarzi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2015, , Pages 27-35
Abstract
Background: When people maintain positive attitudes during life, their beliefs orientation will be highly beneficial to their health. In other words, those who have optimistic expectations report better physical health which is the result of their better psychological compatibility. The present study ...
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Background: When people maintain positive attitudes during life, their beliefs orientation will be highly beneficial to their health. In other words, those who have optimistic expectations report better physical health which is the result of their better psychological compatibility. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on Shirazi male high school students’ degree of optimism.Methods: This educational randomized controlled trial was conducted on 240 male high school students in Shiraz. The research sample was selected through multi-stage random sampling. In this study, a demographic information form was used to gather the students’ demographic characteristics. Besides, a positive thinking researcher-made questionnaire was designed based on TPB. Moreover, the life orientation test (optimism scale) developed by Scheier and Carver was used to evaluate the participants’ degree of optimism. After all, the data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software (v. 19) using descriptive and inferential methods. Significance level was set at 0.05 in all the tests.Results: Compared to the control group, all the constructs of TPB increased in the intervention group after the training (P<0.001). Moreover, Pearson correlation indicated a significant relationship between the constructs, and the highest correlation was among attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intention.Conclusion: According to the research findings, all the constructs of TPB played a key role in increasing the students’ positive think. Thus, educational intervention based on TPB has a positive effect on increasing the students’ positive think.