Leila Bazrafkan; Masoud Yousefi; Javad Kojuri; Mohammad Ansarizadeh; Habibolah Rezaei
Abstract
Background: The current study examines general dental students’ views about the ethics level in education, research, and provision of dental services.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on all general dental students at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences selected in ...
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Background: The current study examines general dental students’ views about the ethics level in education, research, and provision of dental services.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on all general dental students at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences selected in the census. The researcher-made questionnaire was prepared online with PorsLine. In this questionnaire, examples of observing or not observing ethics in education, research, and provision of dental services by faculty members were presented to the dental students. Finally, all collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 26.Results: 47 students participated in the current study. The participant’s mean age was 25.95 with a standard deviation of 3.5. Results of the study showed that the mean and standard deviation of non-observance of ethics in education, the provision of dental services, and research were 3.05±0.9, 2.37±1.03, and 3.04±1.15, respectively.Conclusion: General dental students reported that the level of ethics in education, research, and provision of dental services by faculty members was unfavorable, so it is recommended that medical education courses related to ethics should be held for faculty members.
Habibolah Rezaei; Seyede Yasamin Hossayni; Seyed Alisaleh Golami; Masoud Yousefi; Fatemeh Mohammadi
Abstract
Background: Identifying ethical challenges and then developing ethical codes and making ethical decisions are one of the solutions to promote professional ethics in any field. Given that ethical challenges in Iranian dentistry education have not been identified so far, the aim of the present study was ...
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Background: Identifying ethical challenges and then developing ethical codes and making ethical decisions are one of the solutions to promote professional ethics in any field. Given that ethical challenges in Iranian dentistry education have not been identified so far, the aim of the present study was to explain the ethical challenges in dentistry education.Methods: The present qualitative research was performed using qualitative content analysis approach. Participants included faculty members and students of general dentistry from dental schools of metropolitan area 5 of Iran (Shiraz, Yasuj, Bushehr, and Bandar Abbas); they were selected using purposeful sampling. The researcher collected data using semi-structured interviews and focus group. Participants’ conversations were recorded, implemented immediately, and analyzed using MAXQDATA software version 10. Confirmability, credibility, dependability, and transferability were used as the criteria used to ensure scientific accuracy.Results: A total of 16 faculty members attended focus group sessions and individual interviews. A total of 114 codes were extracted, which were classified into three main categories: ethical challenge in the educational system (three subcategories), educational ethical challenge related to faculty members (four subcategories), and educational ethical challenge related to students (two sub-categories).Conclusion: There are many ethical challenges in the field of dental education from the faculty members and students’ perspective that must be addressed by faculty authorities, faculty members, and students. It is suggested that solutions to address these challenges should be considered in future researches; if necessary, appropriate ethical codes should be codified in this regard.
Mohammad Hossein Kaveh; Farzaneh Fanaei; Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi; Ali Reza Mirahmadizadeh; Reza Barati-Boldaji; Elaheh Shoushtari-Moghadam
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a volunteer-led food safety training program based on social cognitive theory on behaviors and their determinants among community women.Methods: This is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in 8 urban health centers in Marvdasht ...
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Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a volunteer-led food safety training program based on social cognitive theory on behaviors and their determinants among community women.Methods: This is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in 8 urban health centers in Marvdasht city, southern Iran. 60 volunteers and 502 women who were selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling method participated in the study. A 4-session food safety training program was implemented for health volunteers in the experimental group (n=30). They then trained the women in the experimental group (n=260) in their local community for a month. Data were collected using validated questionnaires in the group of volunteers before and one week after the intervention and in the group of women before and one month after the intervention. Data were entered in SPSS software version 22 and analyzed using Chi-Square and comparisons between the two groups were conducted by ANCOVA. P<0.05 was considered as the significant level.Results: The results of the study showed significant improvements in food safety-related behaviors and their determinants in the experimental groups, i.e., among both health volunteers and community women after the intervention. No significant changes in the study constructs (knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectations and behavior) were observed among women in the control group after the intervention.Conclusion: The findings of this study were in favor of the success of health volunteers in food safety training with the aim of improving food safety-related behaviors and their determinants (within the framework of cognitive theory) among community women.
Leila Ghavami; Tayebeh Rakhshani; Zahra Motlagh; Aboubakr Jafarnejad; Azizallah Dehghan
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to compare the effect face-to -face and distance learning on knowledge, attitude and practice of females about breastfeeding in Shiraz, Iran.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Shiraz, Iran in 2019 on 313 women who were referred to health centers ...
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Background: The present study aimed to compare the effect face-to -face and distance learning on knowledge, attitude and practice of females about breastfeeding in Shiraz, Iran.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Shiraz, Iran in 2019 on 313 women who were referred to health centers (93 face-to face group, 105 distance learning group, and 115 control group). The study outcomes included knowledge, attitude, and practice of the women about breastfeeding which were measured at the onset and one-month post-intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.Results: Mean changes of knowledge and attitude were significantly higher in the face-to-face and distance learning intervention groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Mean practice changes from the baseline until one month after the intervention was significantly higher in the face to-face intervention group compared to the control group (P=0.015) and in the face-to-face intervention group compared to the distance learning intervention group (P=0.002).Conclusion: The present study showed that both face-to-face and distance learning breastfeeding interventions effectively increased the mothers’ knowledge and attitudes, and that faceto- face intervention would led to improved practice.
Seyedeh-Masomeh Derakhshandeh-Rishehri; Khosro Keshavarz; Delaram Ghodsi; Gholamreza Pishdad; Shiva Faghih
Abstract
Background: Education is the most important principle in managing diseases, especially diabetes. On the other hand, economic burden of diabetes is another important issue. Thus, this study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of group vs. Weblog-Telecommunication (Web-Tel) nutrition education on glycemic, ...
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Background: Education is the most important principle in managing diseases, especially diabetes. On the other hand, economic burden of diabetes is another important issue. Thus, this study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of group vs. Weblog-Telecommunication (Web-Tel) nutrition education on glycemic, lipids, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices of type-2 diabetic patients.Methods: This randomized controlled trial study will be conducted in health centers of Bushehr city. One-hundred five patients with type 2 diabetes will randomly be assigned to one of the three groups: group education, Web-Tel education, and the control. The study has two phases. The first phase (or preintervention phase) will last two weeks and the second phase (or intervention phase) 12 weeks. In group education, in addition to the usual cares, the participants will receive group seminars monthly (3 seminars in total), while the Web-Tel group will receive education via website monthly (3 sessions in total) besides the usual cares, and the control group will receive the usual cares. The outcomes include glycemic, lipids, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices. Also, the cost of each arm will be calculated.Conclusion: The present study will compare the two methods of nutrition education to determine the more cost-effective nutrition education method for patients with diabetes which can help them in self-care and costs reduction.
Gideon. I.A. Okoroiwu
Abstract
Background: Ascaris worm, as one of the commonest helminthic infections, constitutes a major public health challenge and concern in the majority of developing countries. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Ascaris worm infection and its associated risk factors among primary school children ...
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Background: Ascaris worm, as one of the commonest helminthic infections, constitutes a major public health challenge and concern in the majority of developing countries. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Ascaris worm infection and its associated risk factors among primary school children in Lambata community to determine the prevalence of Ascaris infection, age, gender and associated risk factors among them to create awareness and effective management program. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted between January 2019 and November 2020, in nine selected primary schools in Lambata community. A total of 303 stool samples were collected using random sampling to determine the prevalence of Ascaris infection using stool smear technique. The socio-demographic data were collected, using a structured interview questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using simple percentages, OR and chi-square analytical methods. Results: Out of the 303 screened stool samples, 156 (51.5%) had Ascaris infection. The most infected age-groups were 11-12 years old (73.8%; OR = 2.11) and 9-10 years (57.1%; OR = 2.01), while 6-8 year old subjects had the lowest rate (42.3%; OR = 1.00) of infection. Males (65.9%; OR= 2.00) were more infected than their female (39.9%; OR = 0.09) counterparts (p <0.05). Age, educational status / occupational status of parents, and defecation habits were significantly(p <0.05) associated with the prevalence of Ascaris infection. Conclusion: With the overall prevalence of 51.5% of Ascaris infection among the subjects, there is an indispensable need for health education promotion and coordinated de-worming of the primary school children in this community
Roya Peirovi; Sara Javanbakht; Zohre Moeini; Monnavar Afzal Aghaee; Hossein Alidadi
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important goals of any higher education system is to educate specialized manpower with sufficient skills and knowledge. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the environmental health engineering graduates' attitudes towards compliance of the received training ...
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Introduction: One of the most important goals of any higher education system is to educate specialized manpower with sufficient skills and knowledge. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the environmental health engineering graduates' attitudes towards compliance of the received training during their education with their occupational needs.
Methods: In this descriptive study, the viewpoints of 76 environmental health engineering graduates were investigated over the compliance of the contents of the courses passed with their occupational needs. The participants were employed in various organizational positions in Mashhad city in 2019. Data extracted from the questionnaires were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and independent t-test.
Results: In the case of Water and Wastewater, Municipality, Comprehensive Health Center, Hospital, and Common courses, the lowest compliance rate was related to the environmental health employees working at the comprehensive health centers, hospitals, water and sewerage company, and university, respectively. There was a significant difference between attitudes of males and females towards Water and Wastewater and Comprehensive Health Center courses. Findings based on the graduates' degrees showed that people with bachelor's degrees more disagreed with the set of Water and Wastewater courses than the graduates with Master's and Ph.D. degrees.
Conclusion: Considering that specialized courses had the highest compliance with the individuals' field of work, the authorities are recommended to revise the curriculum of this field of study. Furthermore, it is suggested that specialized trends in the undergraduate course should be provided to improve the impact of education and graduates' satisfaction rate in this field.
Zahra Yaghoubi; Saber Babazadeh; Faezeh Karimzadeh Sharaf; Reyhaneh Shafieian; Arghavan Behbahanirad
Abstract
Background: Burnout, as the consequence of uncontrolled chronic stress, can lead to less efficient clinical performance. Spiritual intelligence enables the individuals to manage their carrier more efficiently. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between spiritual intelligence and burnout ...
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Background: Burnout, as the consequence of uncontrolled chronic stress, can lead to less efficient clinical performance. Spiritual intelligence enables the individuals to manage their carrier more efficiently. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between spiritual intelligence and burnout among dental residents.
Methods: This analytic cross-sectional study included all dental residents in Shiraz Dental School during 2019, except for those who were no willing to participate in the study. Of 72 dental residents, 57 participated in the study and filled out the questionnaires. Maslach Burnout Inventory and King’s Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaires were used to collect the data. The Maslach’s Questionnaire consists of three domains: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment.
Results: The results showed that 91.2% of the participants experienced a high degree of reduced personal accomplishment. Reduced personal accomplishment had a significant correlation with almost all spiritual intelligence dimensions: personal meaning (r=-0.345, P=0.009), transcendental awareness (r=-0.280, P=0.035), and conscious state expansion (r=-0.268, P=0.044). Moreover, personal meaning was inversely correlated with emotional exhaustion (r=-0.411, P=0.002). The scores of spiritual intelligence and burnout dimensions had no significant differences based on marital status, gender, and academic year, except for gender in critical thinking domain(P=0.020).
Conclusion: The participants experienced high degrees of burnout in reduced personal accomplishment domain. The level of spiritual intelligence was moderate among the participants. In general, the higher scores of spiritual intelligence dimensions were correlated to higher personal accomplishment as a main dimension of burnout. Policy- makers should adopt methods to reduce burnout and improve spiritual dimensions.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam; Esmaeil kavi
Abstract
Introduction: Drug abuse problem is one of the four global crises and the most important social crisis in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of life skills training in preventing the recurrence of addiction among young people. Methods: The present article is a narrative review ...
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Introduction: Drug abuse problem is one of the four global crises and the most important social crisis in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of life skills training in preventing the recurrence of addiction among young people. Methods: The present article is a narrative review performed by two researchers between January and February 2020 by searching in scientific databases in articles published in Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar and Google search engine including the terms “addiction”, “youth” , “Coping skills”, “adaptability skills”, “life skills training”, and “drug abuse”. Results: The results of various studiesindicate that the life skills training program increases the feeling of happiness, improves the quality of life of people, and increases the ability to control emotions. Conclusion: Due to the positive impact of life skills training and its applicability to all segments of society, planners and managers in the community's mental health sector can set up centers to continuously hold such classes and conduct life skills training even as in-service training program.
Leila Bazrafkan; Rahmat Allah Mohammadjani; Tayebeh Rakhshani
Abstract
Introduction: Given the importance of aggression in adolescents and the effects of parenting practices, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of parenting skills intervention on adolescent aggression in Abadeh Tashk town, Fars province, in 2018. Methods: This randomized clinical ...
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Introduction: Given the importance of aggression in adolescents and the effects of parenting practices, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of parenting skills intervention on adolescent aggression in Abadeh Tashk town, Fars province, in 2018. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was carried out on 200 adolescents and their parents in Abadeh Tashk in 2018. The sampling was done through the cluster sampling method and the subjects were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups (100 in each group). The study outcomes were aggression and parenting styles measured by the control and education groups before and two months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the SPSS20 software as well as the statistical tests such as paired t-test, independent t-test and chi-square test. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of physical aggression (P = 0.98), verbal aggression (P = 0.62), anger (P = 0.40), hostility (P= 0.15), and the total aggression score (P= 0.38) before the intervention. However, after the intervention, a significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and overall aggression score (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that parenting style intervention was effective in reducing physical and verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and overall aggression in students. It is suggested that long term interventions should be conducted aiming at parental control over the problems of students since childhood.
Mehdi Jahangiri; Samira Baneshi; Zahra Saeedi Garagani; Mojtaba Kamalinia; Hadi Daneshmandi
Abstract
Background: The classroom is an important part of the educational environment, which should meet the standard requirements including safety and adequate spaces regarding the number of learners, color, lighting, noise, proper equipment, and air conditioning. This study aimed to investigate the safety ...
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Background: The classroom is an important part of the educational environment, which should meet the standard requirements including safety and adequate spaces regarding the number of learners, color, lighting, noise, proper equipment, and air conditioning. This study aimed to investigate the safety level of classrooms in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) classrooms (n = 63), in the south-west of Iran. Data regarding the safety measures were collected using an audit checklist. Finally, an index called Classroom Safety Requirement Index (CSRI) was introduced in order to calculate percentage of safety measures in the classrooms. Results: The results revealed that the ‘environmental condition’ dimension of the CSRI was in a good level. The ‘building’, ‘equipment’ and ‘electrical’ dimensions were in the medium level, and the ‘fire safety and emergency’ dimension was placed in the poor level. 38.70% of the classes (24 classes) were in the Standard Occupant Load (SOL or degree of overcrowding) and others (61.30% of classrooms) were overcrowded (unacceptable occupant load). Conclusion: The examined classrooms were very poor regarding the ‘fire safety’ and ‘emergency exit’, which requires proper and appropriate measures to improve safety in these areas.