Mahtab Ardeshirzadeh; Saeed Bakhtiarpour; Rezvan Homaei; Zahra Eftekhar Saadi
Abstract
Background: Divorce, as an issue, can contribute to the development of a wide range of problems and consequences and frequently lead to an increased risk of social problems at both individual and social levels. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) ...
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Background: Divorce, as an issue, can contribute to the development of a wide range of problems and consequences and frequently lead to an increased risk of social problems at both individual and social levels. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on post-divorce adjustment in divorced women referred to the counseling center in Ahvaz city in 2019.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, posttest, and follow-up design and a control group. Using convenience sampling, we selected 45 divorced women willing to participate in the study. Then, we randomly divided them into two experimental groups (compassion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy) and a control group (n = 15 per group). The research instrument included the Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale (FDAS). The first intervention program consisted of eight 60-minute sessions of compassion-focused therapy and the second intervention program consisted of ten 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy.
Results: The results showed that both compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) were effective in increasing post-divorce adjustment in divorced women (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the CFT and ACT on post-divorce adjustment in this group of women (p>0.05). These results continued until the follow-up stage.
Conclusion: According to research findings, both CFT and ACT were efficient therapies in increasing post-divorce adjustment in divorced women. Thus, both approaches can strengthen treatment interventions to increase adjustment in divorced women
Serajeddin Mahmoudiani
Abstract
Background: Dramatic changes in the demographic behaviors of Iranian women have led to declining fertility after the mid-1980s. Childlessness is an important and growing issue and has increasingly become the focus of the problem by Iranian population policymakers.
Methods: The present study was conducted ...
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Background: Dramatic changes in the demographic behaviors of Iranian women have led to declining fertility after the mid-1980s. Childlessness is an important and growing issue and has increasingly become the focus of the problem by Iranian population policymakers.
Methods: The present study was conducted using the quantitative secondary data analysis method. Using the census microdata of population and housing in 2016, the researchers attempted to investigate the level and predictors of childlessness among married women aged 40–49. The data of 85799 married women aged 40–49 was analyzed.
Results: About 4% of the sample were childless. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the probability of childlessness for married women with university degrees, immigrant women, and employed women is higher than their counterparts. Furthermore, the findings suggested that women who live in apartments and those who live in private houses are less likely childless than their counterparts. Bigger houses lower the probability of being childless.
Conclusion: Government planning and policymaking to reducethe proportion of childlessness should improve household circumstances, especially their housing.
Serajeddin Mahmoudiani
Abstract
Background: Identifying the effect of the social environment in which couples live and the demographic decisions are made, along with individual characteristics, are important in explaining human fertility. In the present study, an attempt was made to explain women’s fertility in the six provinces ...
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Background: Identifying the effect of the social environment in which couples live and the demographic decisions are made, along with individual characteristics, are important in explaining human fertility. In the present study, an attempt was made to explain women’s fertility in the six provinces using the multi-level analysis. Methods: The present study is a quantitative research with emphasis on the secondary analysis of the existing data.The statistical population consists of married women aged 15-49 living in the selected provinces. The sample included 95421 individuals. The selected provinces were Gilan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Sistan & Baluchistan, South Khorasan and Hormozgan. The census micro-data of population and housing in 2016 as well as some socio-economic indexes of selected provinces were analyzed using HLM software. Place of residence, educational level and employment status were individual variables, while income per capita as well as unemployment and literacy rates were the contextual variables. Also, the number of children ever born was considered as the fertility index or dependent variable. Results: The impact of individual variables on women’s fertility is stronger than community effects. There were statistically significant inter-provincial differences in women’s fertility. All the women’s individual characteristics had a statistically significant impact on their fertility. Unemployment and literacy rates, as contextual effects, had a statistically significant impact on inter-provincial fertility. Conclusion: The inter-provincial differences in the fertility originate from their socio-economic circumstances. If the provinces’ socio-economic circumstances become similar, the convergence in fertility behavior across provinces may increase.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Esmaeil Kavi; Amir Mansouri; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Abstract Water pipe tobacco smoking with biological, psychological and social dimensions is one of the problems of the present age. The purpose of this article was to investigate the factors affecting the use of hookah among women. This article is a review study conducted by searching the scientific ...
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Abstract Water pipe tobacco smoking with biological, psychological and social dimensions is one of the problems of the present age. The purpose of this article was to investigate the factors affecting the use of hookah among women. This article is a review study conducted by searching the scientific databases using search engines in the articles published in Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar databases as well as the general Google search engine using the keywords hookah, Shisha, water pipe, tobacco, women. A rapid literature search strategy was conducted for all theEnglish language literature published before January 2020. The findings of this study indicate the effect of multiple personal, social and family factors on the initiation and continuation of water pipe tobacco smoking among women. Therefore, it seems that with regard to these risk factors, appropriate programs and interventions for prevention of water pipe tobacco smoking use among women can be considered.
Mahtab Hadadi; Yalda Malekzadegan; Hamid Heidari; Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie; Mohammad Motamedifar
Volume 4, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 194-198
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Escherichia coli, known as a clinically significantbacteria, can cause a wide range of infections, including urinarytract infections (UTIs), blood stream infections (BSIs), andcan frequently be isolated from various clinical specimens.Evaluation of antimicrobial resistant pattern ...
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AbstractBackground: Escherichia coli, known as a clinically significantbacteria, can cause a wide range of infections, including urinarytract infections (UTIs), blood stream infections (BSIs), andcan frequently be isolated from various clinical specimens.Evaluation of antimicrobial resistant pattern is a necessaryaction, especially about such bacteria which are frequent andlife threatening. The aim of this study was to determine thefrequency and antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli isolatesobtained from various clinical specimens.Methods: This retrospective study was performed within a sevenmonth period from January 2015 to August 2015 at a specializedwomen and children hospital in Shiraz, Iran. E. coli isolates wereobtained from various clinical specimens and identified usingstandard microbiological procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibilitypatterns were determined using disk diffusion method inaccordance with CLSI recommendation.Results: Of the total 130 positive cultures, the majority of E.coli isolates were obtained from urine (96=73.8%) and blood(11=8.5%) specimens. Overall, gentamicin (70.8%) was theeffective antibiotic for the tested E. coli isolates. E. coli isolatesobtained from urine specimens showed the highest resistancerates against ampicillin (84.4%) and nalidixic acid (61.5%);while they showed the most sensitivity to gentamicin (79.2%),nitrofurantoin (70.8%) and ciprofloxacin (66.7%). Moreover,the highest antibiotic resistance rates belonged to the isolatesrecovered from endotracheal tube (ETT).Conclusion: The results showed that gentamicin was the mosteffective antibiotic against E. coli infections. However, inaddition to the gentamicin, we can recommend nitrofurantoinand ciprofloxacin as the other effective agents for UTIs.
Farnaz Rahnavard; Ahmad Kalateh Sadati; Masood Amini
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 151-157
Abstract
Background: The findings of many studies confirm that obesity includes social stigma. Stigma involves several stereotypes that have negative psychosocial effects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the experience of social stigma in obese women with emphasis on their coping strategies.Methods: After ...
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Background: The findings of many studies confirm that obesity includes social stigma. Stigma involves several stereotypes that have negative psychosocial effects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the experience of social stigma in obese women with emphasis on their coping strategies.Methods: After the interview was done in the department with 24 Sleeve female candidate, their narratives were analyzed using descriptive phenomenological approach.Results: Results showed that obese women had undesirable experiences of social stigma. Nevertheless, they used coping strategies to adapt with new conditions. The main strategies revealed include social resistance; passivity; psychological problems and hysteria; extreme denial of self body image; social isolation; and ignorance of what others say (self empowerment).Conclusion: Social stigma of obesity affects the obese women negatively. Although obese women use several strategies to cope, with huge social and personal costs are imposed on them. To reduce these costs, policy-makers should pay attention to desensitization of obesity in society with emphasis on women. To this end, they can use media instruments on the one hand and make the cultural context and infrastructures such as school and universities on the other.
