Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam; Amir Mansouri; Mozhgan Jokar; Esmaeil Kavi; Omid Soufi
Abstract
Background: Since psychological well-being can predict the individuals’ suicidal ideation, therapeutic interventions such as reminiscence can be helpful for these persons. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of reminiscence intervention on psychological well-being among individuals with ...
Read More
Background: Since psychological well-being can predict the individuals’ suicidal ideation, therapeutic interventions such as reminiscence can be helpful for these persons. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of reminiscence intervention on psychological well-being among individuals with a history of suicide attempt.Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. The population of this study consisted of individuals who had attempted suicide and referred to public hospitals in Shiraz. The sample size in each control and experimental group was estimated to be 20 people.Results: The comparison of the mean score of depression in the intervention and control groups showed that the two groups did not have a significant difference before the intervention (P=0.414), while immediately after the intervention (P<0.001) and one month after it (P=0.003) a significant difference was observed. Also, the mean score of anxiety immediately after the intervention and one month after the intervention was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P<0.05). In the stage immediately after the intervention, the comparison of the mean scores of self-esteem in the intervention and control groups showed a significant relationship (P=0.019).Conclusion: It can be said that this intervention has been effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression and increasing the self-esteem of people who have a history of attempted suicide.
Jalal Saem; Hajar Haghshenas; Fateme Zare Qashlaghi; Fatemeh Mohseni; Rouhollah Rouhandeh; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Amirhossein Saem
Abstract
Background: There are still conflicting results on thepostoperative consequences of patients with hip and femoralfractures based on the type of anesthesia. The aim of this studywas to compare mortality and morbidity of general and spinalanesthesia in patients undergoing hip and femoral fractures.Methods: ...
Read More
Background: There are still conflicting results on thepostoperative consequences of patients with hip and femoralfractures based on the type of anesthesia. The aim of this studywas to compare mortality and morbidity of general and spinalanesthesia in patients undergoing hip and femoral fractures.Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, the informationof 93 patients who had undergone hip and femoral surgery withgeneral and spinal anesthesia was studied during 2011-2019 inthe medical records by census method. Data were analyzed usingSPSS 23 software and descriptive and analytical statistics.Results: The general anesthesia group consisted of 29 patientsand the spinal anesthesia group included 64 patients. The twogroups were the same in terms of demographic information,preoperative hemodynamic variables, and previous medicalhistory. The results of the independent t-test with a significancelevel of 5% did not show a significant difference between thetwo groups in the following variables: mean duration of surgeryand duration of anesthesia, mean arterial pressure and heartrate after surgery, changes in blood pressure, and heart rateduring surgery, bleeding, intravenous fluids and blood productsintake, postoperative hemoglobin, number of days hospitalizedin the Intensive Care Unit and surgical ward. The mean postoperative mean arterial pressure score in the general anesthesiagroup was significantly higher than the spinal group (P=0.004).Complications and mortality after surgery did not differ betweenthe two types of anesthesia.Conclusion: In general, these two methods of anesthesia do notdiffer from each other in terms of postoperative complications andmortality, and physicians can choose the appropriate anesthesiamethod according to the specific conditions of the patients
Hamed Delam; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory illness with an unknown cause that was diagnosed in December 2019 in Wuhan, China (1-3). Iran is one of the countries involved with this disease. The global outbreak of the disease raises concerns about increased anxiety due to the risk of contracting ...
Read More
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory illness with an unknown cause that was diagnosed in December 2019 in Wuhan, China (1-3). Iran is one of the countries involved with this disease. The global outbreak of the disease raises concerns about increased anxiety due to the risk of contracting the virus (4). Therefore, in addition to causing physical harm, COVID-19 also has a serious effect on people's mental health. To date, no exact information is available on the mental health problems and psychological effects of COVID-19 on people, nor is it clear how people react when faced with such a crisis; therefore, for health care providers how best to respond to challenges related to COVID-19 is confusing. However, observing the consequences of mental health and the measures taken during the outbreak of SARS in 2003 can help the health care systems to make mental health interventions for people that are involved with COVID-19 (5). However, many people may not be sure that their health care systems are ready to deal with coronavirus, and a lack of trust in the country's health care system is likely to raise concerns about the consequences of the disease. In such circumstances, people use different methods of obtaining information when faced with crisis situations; sometimes these methods are invalid. One of these methods is to obtain information from invalid social media such as Instagram, WhatsApp and so on. Nowadays, with the availability of smartphones, the expansion of activities in virtual networks has become more and more. Therefore, people in anxious situations are looking for information to relieve their anxiety and for this purpose, they search social networks and being exposed to incorrect information in social networks can aggravate their anxiety (6). Therefore, in this situation, several factors may lead to development of Chronophobia. One of these conditions is using unreliable social media. In this regard, a study conducted by the Indian people on awareness, attitude and anxiety about COVID-19 showed that people's anxiety about this disease was at a high level and distress-related social media was seen in 36.4% of the people, and the participants expressed that one of the most important resources of anxiety was the social media (7). At this time, the important question is whether the health care systems in the country are ready to deal with the growing concern of the people in such a situation that is the result of misinterpretation of the symptoms of COVID-19 and in cases where mild respiratory symptoms may develop Chronophobia. Meanwhile, the role of health care provider in reducing people's anxiety and preventing Chronophobia is vital (8, 9). Finally, it can be said that health care systems can prevent Chronophobia by increasing people's knowledge, thus improving their attitudes towards COVID-19.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Ahmadreza Eidi; Omid Soufi; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: In the last two decades, the number of people who have referred to mental health services due to concerns about gender identity has increased dramatically. The aim of this study was to present the most important and fundamental results of studies on transgender psychological and behavioral ...
Read More
Background: In the last two decades, the number of people who have referred to mental health services due to concerns about gender identity has increased dramatically. The aim of this study was to present the most important and fundamental results of studies on transgender psychological and behavioral disordersand compare these results.
Methods: This is a narrative review study. Search for articles related to common psychological and behavioral disorders in transgender people was done by two trained researchers between December 2019 and March 2020 in 5 Latin scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Embase).
Results: Psychological and behavioral disorders were much higher in transgender people than in the general population. The most common disorders included anxiety and depression, suicidal attempt, drug abuse, self-injury without suicidal tendency, and HIV.
Conclusion: Transgender people are constantly harassed and abused by friends, acquaintances, classmates and teachers, and even their families. Having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of HIV infection and other sexual misconduct. Therefore, governments need to implement their support programs through training centers and counseling for transgender individuals.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam; Maasumeh Elahi; Sahar Akbarpoor; Zohreh Faramarzian
Abstract
Background: The mental health of healthcare workers has been a concern during the outbreak of 2019 novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the anxiety of the healthcare workers during Covid-19 epidemic and to discover the factors affecting it.
Methods:The ...
Read More
Background: The mental health of healthcare workers has been a concern during the outbreak of 2019 novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the anxiety of the healthcare workers during Covid-19 epidemic and to discover the factors affecting it.
Methods:The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. In this study, the anxiety of 124 nurses, operating room staff, midwives and anesthetists working in different wards of Imam Reza Hospital in Lar in 2020 was assessed using the Corona Anxiety Scale Questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that most of the samples were female, married, with a bachelor's degree and an average age of 33 years. 53 (42.8%) participants had mild anxiety and 34 (27.4%) had severe anxiety. Comparison of anxiety levels based on demographic variables of participants in the study showed that there was no significant relationship between anxiety levels with gender, marital status, education level, and field of study (P> 0.05).
Conclusion:According to the results of the study and the worsening of the COVID-19 epidemic, there is a need to strengthen the awareness and address the issues related to mental health of healthcare workers.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a cluster of acute respiratory illnesses for unknown reasons that first occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan, China (1). With continuation of the coronavirus transmission, various health ...
Read More
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a cluster of acute respiratory illnesses for unknown reasons that first occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan, China (1). With continuation of the coronavirus transmission, various health authorities, including the World Health Organization, advise people stay at home for restricting people from exposure to the virus (2).Although staying at home can reduce the spread of the disease, the COVID-19 epidemic had a destructive global economic impact (3). In this regard, studies show that the number of suicides in people has increased during the economic crisis. For example, in the 2008 European and American economic crisis like other economic crises such as that in 1997 in Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Asia, the number of suicides has risen and the economic crisis has been cited as one of the most important factors in increasing suicide rates. In this period of economic crisis, the number of unemployed individuals has increased and suicide rates have increased in countries with higher levels of job loss (4). However, the increase in the number of suicides shows a small part of the emotional distress of the economic crisis. In addition to successful suicides, there are many more thoughts about killing oneself without preparatory behavior, a self-destructive and non-lethal act and other suicidal behavior and preparatory acts, but a closer look reveals that although the results of studies show that the suicide rate has increased in many countries during the economic crisis, it has not been the same in all countries that have been affected by the crisis, and these results can be explained by the fact that in countries where there are social assistance networks, suicide prevention activities are being carried out, and national suicide prevention programs have been developed, the rate of suicide is more controlled at a time when economic insecurity is high. In other words, the lack of a clear correlation between suicide rates and the economic crisis shows that suicide rates are influenced by a number of national factors (5). Finally, it can be said that, in times of economic crisis, vulnerable people use suicide as the only way to escape the problems. Therefore, the existence of social support and also supporting the labor market in different countries can reduce the harmful psychological effects of economic recession.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Ahmadreza Eidi; Zahra Keshtkaran; Nasrin Shokrpour; Parisa Zand; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: In December 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause appeared in Wuhan, China, which was very similar to viral pneumonia. In late January 2020, the World Health Organization named this disease the sixth public health emergency of international concern due to an increase in ...
Read More
Background: In December 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause appeared in Wuhan, China, which was very similar to viral pneumonia. In late January 2020, the World Health Organization named this disease the sixth public health emergency of international concern due to an increase in the number of COVD-19 cases. This study was designed to determine different epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 worldwide. Methods: This is a review study. We searched for articles related to COVID-19 from December 20, 2019 to June 05, 2020. Two researchers performed the search separately, and finally articles containing information on coronavirus, its mortality and epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the patients were selected for review and extraction. Results: The results of various studies show that the most common symptoms of the disease include fever, cough and fatigue, and the most common respiratory symptom is Rhinorrhoea. Transmission occurs primarily when an infected person sneezes or coughs through respiratory droplets, such as the spread of influenza and other respiratory pathogens. Some studies have reported that the COVID-19 incubation period is an average of 4.6 days, ranging from 1.2 to 11.1 days and can potentially be asymptomatic. Conclusion: The significant increases in the morbidity and mortality necessitate prevention and control activities by educating people on important health issues such as staying at home, using clean masks and gloves, as well as performing proper and timely medical interventions.
Hamed Delam; Safoura Izanloo; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Ahmadreza Eidi
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common female genital cancers. It accounts for about half of the one million new cases and one-quarter of all cancer deaths in women. The present study was designed to comprehensively identify the risk factors of cervical cancer using the results of similar ...
Read More
Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common female genital cancers. It accounts for about half of the one million new cases and one-quarter of all cancer deaths in women. The present study was designed to comprehensively identify the risk factors of cervical cancer using the results of similar studies. Methods: The present study was an epidemiological review study. Searches related to the epidemiology and risk factors of cervical cancer between April 2020 and May 2020 were conducted by two researchers at four Latin scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science). The two researchers examined the extracted articles and included articles that referred to the epidemiology and risk factors of cervical cancer. Results: The most important risk factors for cervical cancer included human papillomavirus, viral, fungal and bacterial infections, sexual behavior, smoking, pregnancy and childbirth, and other factors (family history and menopause earlier than 45 years). Conclusion: It is recommended that health issues should be considered, especially during sexual intercourse, HPV screening in women, as well as periodic examinations for women.
Hamed Delam; Kosar Zarebi; Esmaeil Kavi; Nasrin Shokrpour; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a multi-factorial phenomenon whose patterns can vary even from one place to another in one country; the purpose of this study was to determine the causes of suicide attempt in a 6-year period in Larestan County in the period between 2012 and 2017. Methods: The present study was ...
Read More
Background: Suicide is a multi-factorial phenomenon whose patterns can vary even from one place to another in one country; the purpose of this study was to determine the causes of suicide attempt in a 6-year period in Larestan County in the period between 2012 and 2017. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. In order to investigate the epidemiological condition of suicide attempters in Larestan, all files of suicide cases registered in the period between 2012 and 2017 in this city were investigated, and finally 723 cases were included in the study. For statistical analysis, independent t-test, chi-square and logistic regression models were used. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: Of the total 723 suicide attempts recorded in the health network of Larestan, the mean age at suicide attempt was 26.08 ± 7.88 years and 3.73% of them had died as a result of suicide attempt. Drug abuse and poisoning were the most common methods of suicidal attempt. Based on the regression model, Increase in age, male sex, and physical problems were the most important factors in predicting suicide death (P<0.05). Conclusion: Various factors including age, male gender and physical problems contribute to suicide and deaths associated with it; therefore, the implementation of educational and counseling programs for these individuals, especially in adolescence and youth, and people with physical and psychological problems is essential.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam; Esmaeil kavi
Abstract
Introduction: Drug abuse problem is one of the four global crises and the most important social crisis in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of life skills training in preventing the recurrence of addiction among young people. Methods: The present article is a narrative review ...
Read More
Introduction: Drug abuse problem is one of the four global crises and the most important social crisis in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of life skills training in preventing the recurrence of addiction among young people. Methods: The present article is a narrative review performed by two researchers between January and February 2020 by searching in scientific databases in articles published in Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar and Google search engine including the terms “addiction”, “youth” , “Coping skills”, “adaptability skills”, “life skills training”, and “drug abuse”. Results: The results of various studiesindicate that the life skills training program increases the feeling of happiness, improves the quality of life of people, and increases the ability to control emotions. Conclusion: Due to the positive impact of life skills training and its applicability to all segments of society, planners and managers in the community's mental health sector can set up centers to continuously hold such classes and conduct life skills training even as in-service training program.
Hamed Delam; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Ahmadreza Eidi
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine glands at any age and sex. The present study was designed to comprehensively identify the epidemiological status of thyroid cancer using the results of similar studies. Methods: The present study was an epidemiological review study. ...
Read More
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine glands at any age and sex. The present study was designed to comprehensively identify the epidemiological status of thyroid cancer using the results of similar studies. Methods: The present study was an epidemiological review study. Studies on the epidemiology of thyroid cancer between March 2020 and April 2020 were searched by two researchers at four Latin scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science). Persian and Latin articles about the epidemiology of thyroid cancer were included in the study. Results: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide; however, this type of cancer has a good survival rate. The most important risk factors for thyroid cancer include Ionizing radiation, diet, female gender, age, genetic background and race and ethnicity. Conclusion: The incidence of thyroid cancer in the world is increasing. Therefore, preventive and protective measures to reduce the risk factors of this cancer are recommended to reduce the incidence of the disease.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Mona Bahmaninejad; Seyede Fatemeh Ahmadpoori; Amir Mansouri; Somayeh Azimi; Fatemeh Ghanbaripour; Mozhgan Jokar; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: Teachers' motivation towards their jobs is one of the major challenges in educational systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the motivation of teachers towards their job. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The participants consisted of all teachers of secondary school ...
Read More
Background: Teachers' motivation towards their jobs is one of the major challenges in educational systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the motivation of teachers towards their job. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The participants consisted of all teachers of secondary school of Bandar Lengeh city in 2016. The sample size of the study was 45 for teachers. The teachers were recruited through census sampling. Data were collected using the Hackman and Oldham's Job Motivation Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 25 software. Results: Of the 45 teachers, 41 (92%) were married and 4 (8%) were single; also, 29 subjects (64%) were males. The majority of teachers were (no:19, 43%) between the ages of 31 and 40 years. 64% of the teachers had a bachelor's degree. 18% of them had low job motivation, 44% had moderate and 38% had high job motivation. The results of the T-test did not show a statistically significant difference between the teachers of public and gifted students schools (p value>0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study show that the teachers' job motivation is important in their productivity. It is suggested that targeted and effective programs should be implemented to promote the mental health of this important group of society.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Mohammad Reza Foroutani; Ahmadreza Eidi; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Abstract Background: Malaria has been considered by health systems as one of the most dangerous human infectious diseases. In Iran, the disease has caused great economic and social damage to the country. The present study was designed to identify the epidemiological situation of malaria during 2006 to ...
Read More
Abstract Background: Malaria has been considered by health systems as one of the most dangerous human infectious diseases. In Iran, the disease has caused great economic and social damage to the country. The present study was designed to identify the epidemiological situation of malaria during 2006 to 2018 in the southern region of Fars province, southern Iran. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all people with malaria whose information was recorded at the Larestan Infectious Diseases Center from 2006 to 2018. To extract the data, a checklist was used that included information such as the total number of smears performed each year, the number of positive smears, age of the individual, sex, type of malaria species, and the month of the disease. Results: Out of a total of 85,201 smear tests performed to identify malaria in the region, 190 had positive smear tests. The majority of the positive cases were Afghan nationalities. Most cases of the disease were seen in 2017, 2008 and 2016, respectively. In all years, men were more likely than women to have malaria, and the highest prevalence was in the age group of 21-30 and 11-20 years, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the relative decrease in malaria cases in recent decades in Larestan city, in recent years, especially from 2014 to 2018, the increasing trend of the disease has been relatively shown again, so making active diagnosis, equipping health systems and doing more blood smears tests are necessary to reduce the prevalence of malaria in this region.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: Suicide and Suicidal attempt at the 1996 World Health Organization Summit was an important public health and anti-social behavioral issue. Suicide rates are one of the most important indicators of the community's mental health. The present study was designed to elucidate the factors affecting ...
Read More
Background: Suicide and Suicidal attempt at the 1996 World Health Organization Summit was an important public health and anti-social behavioral issue. Suicide rates are one of the most important indicators of the community's mental health. The present study was designed to elucidate the factors affecting suicidal attempts among adolescents.
Methods: This is a review study. Two researchers searched for suicide-related articles and related factors between October and November 2019 at five Latin scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Embase).
Results: The most important factors in suicidal attempts in adolescents included individual factors, family factors, and social factors. Hormonal changes in puberty in adolescents, especially in girls, can affect the adolescents’ behavior. The breakdown of the family structure can have negative consequences for children and cause them to commit suicidal attempts.
Conclusion: The available evidence indicates the influence of individual, family, and social factors at the beginning of the process of suicidal attempt among adolescents. Therefore, by focusing on preventing risk factors leading to suicidal behavior in adolescents, teaching how to deal with stress and increasing the adolescents' access to specialized counseling services and useful social networks, a suitable support system can be provided for these people.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Khalil Safari; Nasrin Shokrpour; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Objective: Fars province in south Iran is an endemic focus of Leishmaniosis. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological status of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Fars province, South Iran, from 2007 to 2016.
Methods: This study was a retrospective-analytical cross-sectional study. The study ...
Read More
Objective: Fars province in south Iran is an endemic focus of Leishmaniosis. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological status of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Fars province, South Iran, from 2007 to 2016.
Methods: This study was a retrospective-analytical cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all people with Leishmaniasis, who referred to the infectious disease center in four cities of Larestan, south Fars province, from 2007 to 2016. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used in data analysis. The significance level was considered as 5%.
Results: In the period 2007-2016, 4599 cases of cutaneous Leishmaniosis were registered. The highest number of cases occurred in 2008. The mean age in 2007 and 2016 was 17.7±17.1 and 12.9±16.5, respectively. Women were the majority of cases, from 2007 to 2012. Hand ulcers were the most prevalent part of the body in all these years, except 2016. In terms of seasonal distribution, most of the cases occurred in winter and the least in summer. Afghan and Pakistani immigrants produced the majority of cases.
Conclusion: The trend of cutaneous Leishmaniosis has declined in Larestan city from 2007 to 2016. However, Leishmaniosis is still a major public health problem. Since the majority of cases were related to Afghan and Pakistani immigrants, it is necessary to ward off these people
Hamed Delam; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Abstract
Background: Anxiety and low self-esteem can lead to feelings of vulnerability and being at risk, which can predict a suicide attempt. This study aimed to investigate stress and self-esteem of suicide attempters referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
Methods: ...
Read More
Background: Anxiety and low self-esteem can lead to feelings of vulnerability and being at risk, which can predict a suicide attempt. This study aimed to investigate stress and self-esteem of suicide attempters referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. In this study, 74 patients were selected through convenience sampling from referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Data were collected through demographic questionnaires, Spielberger anxiety questionnaire, and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire. After completing the surveys, the data were analyzed. Finally, by defining the scores of the questionnaires, statistical analysis was performed and the results obtained from the study.
Results: Out of 74 suicide attempters, 62.2% were women, and the majority of them were married (70.30%). The state anxiety score showed that 24.3% and 21.6% were in medium to high and severe anxiety, respectively, and the trait anxiety score indicated that the majority of individuals were in moderate to the critical range. Self-esteem scores showed that 54.1% were in low self-esteem range.
Conclusion: Anxiety and low self-esteem can be effective factors in a suicide attempt. Therefore, therapeutic interventions to reduce anxiety and improve self-esteem in such individuals can prevent a suicide attempt.
Hossein Ashtarian; Nasrin Mehrabi; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Mahmoud Rahmati
Abstract
Introduction: Delirium measurement instruments should be highly sensitive, and their instruction for the users should also be short-term and straightforward. The objective of the present study was to investigate the validation of the NEECHAM confusion scalein predicting the delirium of ICU patients in ...
Read More
Introduction: Delirium measurement instruments should be highly sensitive, and their instruction for the users should also be short-term and straightforward. The objective of the present study was to investigate the validation of the NEECHAM confusion scalein predicting the delirium of ICU patients in Kermanshah health care and educational centers in 2015. Methods: This is cross-sectional descriptive-analytic research that was conducted in 2015. The researcher acquired the consent of the administrators of Imam Reza (AS) and Taleqani hospitals. A briefing session was held in ICU units, and the objective and method of the study were explained to patients to attract their cooperation. Sampling was done using convenience sampling. Some 166 patients were selected. The NEECHAM confusion scalewas used to investigate the delirium of patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the quality of the questionnaire. The significance level was considered 0.05. Results: Results show that 50.6 percent of the samples were female, and most of them were married (85.2%). Most of the patients lived in cities (78.9%) and were illiterate (50.3%). Also, most of the patients were housewives (44.4%). Instruments for data collection were demographic questionnaire and the NEECHAM confusion scale. The results of this study indicated that 45.2 percent of people have delirium. The NEECHAM confusion scalehas a large area under the ROC curve. Therefore, it has high predicting power in the prediction of delirium. Conclusion: according to the findings of this study, it can be said the NEECHAM confusion scalehas the validity to be able to provide accurate and rapid information about patients' delirious status. Since the cognitive impairment screening tools require regular editing; therefore, nurses working in intensive care units can use this tool to diagnose patients with delirium and prevent delirium complications quickly.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: Since suicide attempt and its association with mental disorders such as depression in individuals is a major challenge in societies, this study aimed to investigate depression in suicide attempters referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
Methods: ...
Read More
Background: Since suicide attempt and its association with mental disorders such as depression in individuals is a major challenge in societies, this study aimed to investigate depression in suicide attempters referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The study population included all suicide attempters referring to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Some 74 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected through demographic questionnaires and second version of Beck Depression Inventory. Finally, by defining the scores of the questionnaires, statistical analysis was performed and the results obtained from the study. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze the relationship between the variables. The significance level was considered 5%.
Results: The mean age of the samples was 49.41±5 5.68 years. 28 (37.8%) of the samples were male, and the rest were female. The mean and standard deviation of depression were 30.38±11.52, which were in the category of severe depression. There was a meaningful relationship between marital status, education level, and depression (P-value <0.05).
Conclusion: Depression is one of the predictive variables of suicide attempts in individuals; therefore therapeutic and supportive interventions in such individuals can prevent a suicide attempt.
Soroush Maazinezhad; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Vahab Karamivand; Mahmoud Rahmati
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia, as a chronic and debilitating disease, has consequences not only for the patient but also for the family and society. It severely destroys the energy and resources available to the patient's family. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the burden ...
Read More
Background: Schizophrenia, as a chronic and debilitating disease, has consequences not only for the patient but also for the family and society. It severely destroys the energy and resources available to the patient's family. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the burden on caregivers of schizophrenic patients and their perceived social support. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population consisted of all Caregivers of schizophrenic patients referred to Farabi Psychiatric Center of Kermanshah in 2019. Out of them, a sample of 125 individuals was selected by the convenience sampling method. Two standard questionnaires, family burden interview schedule, and Social support inventory were used to assess the family burden and social support. Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.69±12.78 years. The results showed the mean score of social support in the individuals as 14.72±5.93. Furthermore, the mean score of the family burden was found at 28.03±11.03. There was a significant statistical reverse correlation between social support and family burden (p<.001, r=-378). The regression model showed that social support could predict family pressure. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (chi-squared, Spearman’s, and linear regression), where the significance level was set at 0.05. (P<0.05). Conclusion: Caregivers of schizophrenic patients are exposed to high psychological, economic, and social pressures. This can be effective in reducing the quality of patient care. Therefore, increasing the level of social support in these people is essential in reducing the complications of schizophrenia.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Esmaeil Kavi; Amir Mansouri; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Abstract Water pipe tobacco smoking with biological, psychological and social dimensions is one of the problems of the present age. The purpose of this article was to investigate the factors affecting the use of hookah among women. This article is a review study conducted by searching the scientific ...
Read More
Abstract Water pipe tobacco smoking with biological, psychological and social dimensions is one of the problems of the present age. The purpose of this article was to investigate the factors affecting the use of hookah among women. This article is a review study conducted by searching the scientific databases using search engines in the articles published in Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar databases as well as the general Google search engine using the keywords hookah, Shisha, water pipe, tobacco, women. A rapid literature search strategy was conducted for all theEnglish language literature published before January 2020. The findings of this study indicate the effect of multiple personal, social and family factors on the initiation and continuation of water pipe tobacco smoking among women. Therefore, it seems that with regard to these risk factors, appropriate programs and interventions for prevention of water pipe tobacco smoking use among women can be considered.
Hamed Delam; Esmaeil Kavi; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Abstract
Background: Since the elderly are more susceptible to cognitive impairment than other age groups, this study aimed to investigate the assessment of cognitive status of the elderly living in nursing homes in Larestan city and the relationship between cognitive status of the elderly people ...
Read More
Background: Since the elderly are more susceptible to cognitive impairment than other age groups, this study aimed to investigate the assessment of cognitive status of the elderly living in nursing homes in Larestan city and the relationship between cognitive status of the elderly people and some demographic variables. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted on all the elderly living in a nursing home in Larestan city. Sampling was done by census method and 54 elderly people were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Demographic characteristics questionnaire was used to assess general information of the elderly, and standard mini mental state examination questionnaire was used to assess the elderly people’s cognitive status. Results: The mean age of the males was 69.44± 5.83 years with a range of 60-78. Mean and standard deviation of cognitive status were 25.28 ± 2.15 for males and 24.82 ± 2.54 for females, respectively. Also, 5 (9.30%) had moderate cognitive impairment, 24 (44.40%) had moderate cognitive impairment and 25 (46.30%) had normal cognitive status. There was a significant relationship between marital status and cognitive status in the elderly (p value = 0.012). The mean cognitive status of the married and single elderly was 24.10 ± 2.51 and 25.54 ± 2.13, respectively. Conclusion: Cognitive disorders are more prevalent among the elderly married couples, which can improve the adverse effects of these cognitive disorders by strengthening family relationships and caring.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Samira Zahmatbar; Hamed Delam; Azizallah Dehghan; Mozhgan Jokar; Esmaeil Kavi
Abstract
Background: Resiliency is considered as a coping method for nurses in dealing with work problems. Because different personality characteristics also cause different responses by nurses in coping with challenges, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between personality traits and resilience ...
Read More
Background: Resiliency is considered as a coping method for nurses in dealing with work problems. Because different personality characteristics also cause different responses by nurses in coping with challenges, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between personality traits and resilience in Nurses and Paramedical staff in Lar and Gerash hospitals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The research sample consisted of 160 nurses and paramedical staff in Lar and Gerash hospitals that were selected by convenience sampling strategy. To measure the variables, NEO Personality Inventory (NEO- FEI) and Connor - Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS version 25 software. Results: Statistical analysis showed that extraversion personality traits (r=0.680, P<0.001), openness to experience (r=0.452, P<0.001), agreeableness (r=0.298, P<0.001), and conscientiousness (r=0.635, P<0.001) had a positive and significant correlation with the resiliency variable, and it was only the trait of neuroticism (r=-0.749, P<0.001) that had an inverse and significant correlation with the resiliency variable. Conclusion: In the nursing profession, resiliency is a key element in improving the mental health of nursing staff and helping them to cope better with their stress, challenges and difficulties. Therefore, awareness of the effect of the nurses’ personality traits leads to better management, and since resilience is an educable and changeable variable, problems with nurses who lack effective personality traits can be improved by increasing resiliency