Alireza Mirahmadizadeh; Fatemeh Rezaei; Kimia Jokari; Sepideh Mohseni; Sima Afrashteh; Seyed Sina Dehghani; Alireza Jafari; Mohsen Moghadami; Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh
Abstract
Background: HIV, Tuberculosis, and Malariaare neglected due to the high pressure imposed on healthcare systems by COVID-19; however, since these diseases afflict a large number of patients globally, their effect on COVID-19, as a world pandemic, should be assessed. We aimed to assess the relationship ...
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Background: HIV, Tuberculosis, and Malariaare neglected due to the high pressure imposed on healthcare systems by COVID-19; however, since these diseases afflict a large number of patients globally, their effect on COVID-19, as a world pandemic, should be assessed. We aimed to assess the relationship between the prevalence of these diseases and COVID-19 indices.Methods: In this ecological study, a data set was provided, which included the epidemiologic indices of COVID-19 for each country. The scatter plots of the social capital for the studied countries based on the epidemiologic indices of COVID-19 and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), and Malaria were drawn.Results: The prevalence of HIV, Tuberculosis, and Malaria were inversely correlated with the cumulative incidence rate of cases, the cumulative incidence rate of death, and COVID-19 tests performed per million, and was directly correlated with the recovery rate. No correlation was seen between case fatality rate and the prevalence of these infectious diseases.Conclusion: However, the results of this study were in favor of people afflicted with HIV, and Further studies should be conducted on the concurrence of infectious events and their adverse consequences with future analytical protocols.
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Ikeola A. Adeoye; Olufunmilayo I. Fawole
Abstract
Background: In Nigeria, over 600,000 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) as of 2020. Defaulters after commencing ART range between 10-36%. This study identified the factors associated with default from ART and quality of life among PLWHA. Methods: An unmatched case-control ...
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Background: In Nigeria, over 600,000 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) as of 2020. Defaulters after commencing ART range between 10-36%. This study identified the factors associated with default from ART and quality of life among PLWHA. Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted among 102 cases and 204 controls at the Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Cases were adults on ART who had defaulted from care and missed at least two consecutive appointments in the last year, while controls were adults on ART who had been consistent with clinic attendance for at least one year. Chi-square test, t-test, and binary logistic regressions were used to identify the predictors of default at a 95% confidence interval. Results:Respondent’s mean age was 41.4±10.3 years while 61.4% of the respondents were females. ART role in reducing viral load was described correctly by 66 (64.7%) cases and 155 (76.0%) controls (p=0.04). The quality of life in the physical domain was 15.3± 3.4 among cases and 16.6±3.0 among controls (p=0.001). Defaulting from treatment was associated with non-disclosure of status to a partner (AOR: 2.8; CI 95%: 1.6-4.9), receiving fewer counseling sessions (AOR: 2.3; CI 95%: 1.3-4.2), poor perception of the quality of health care services (AOR: 2.6; CI 95%: 1.4-4.7), suboptimal quality of life (AOR: 2.7; CI 95%: 1.5- 4.8) and the richer wealth index (AOR: 1.8; CI 95%: 1.01-3.18). Conclusion: Inclusion of discussions on disclosure during counseling sessions was recommended to reduce default.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Ahmadreza Eidi; Omid Soufi; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: In the last two decades, the number of people who have referred to mental health services due to concerns about gender identity has increased dramatically. The aim of this study was to present the most important and fundamental results of studies on transgender psychological and behavioral ...
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Background: In the last two decades, the number of people who have referred to mental health services due to concerns about gender identity has increased dramatically. The aim of this study was to present the most important and fundamental results of studies on transgender psychological and behavioral disordersand compare these results.
Methods: This is a narrative review study. Search for articles related to common psychological and behavioral disorders in transgender people was done by two trained researchers between December 2019 and March 2020 in 5 Latin scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Embase).
Results: Psychological and behavioral disorders were much higher in transgender people than in the general population. The most common disorders included anxiety and depression, suicidal attempt, drug abuse, self-injury without suicidal tendency, and HIV.
Conclusion: Transgender people are constantly harassed and abused by friends, acquaintances, classmates and teachers, and even their families. Having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of HIV infection and other sexual misconduct. Therefore, governments need to implement their support programs through training centers and counseling for transgender individuals.
Parvin Afsar Kazerooni; nasrin motazedian; Mehrab Sayadi; Nadia Motazedian; Mojghan Sabet
Volume 2, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 99-106
Abstract
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemics are largely linked to high-risk populations such as female commercial sex workers (FSWs). This study assessed sexual behaviors, attitudes and knowledge of this marginalized group.Methods: We conducted a cross- sectional study on 278 selfidentified ...
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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemics are largely linked to high-risk populations such as female commercial sex workers (FSWs). This study assessed sexual behaviors, attitudes and knowledge of this marginalized group.Methods: We conducted a cross- sectional study on 278 selfidentified FSWs by using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) method in Shiraz, south of Iran, from June 2010 to March 2011. Volunteer women were interviewed in order to explore issues such as sexual behavior, sexual violence, work conditions, contraceptive methods, HIV/AIDS knowledge, HIV test, and source of HIV information.Results: The majority of participants (95.1%) knew about condoms; however, only 40.6% used condoms consistently. Despite the subject’s wide knowledge regarding modes of transmission, 61% and 40% did not use any protection with anal and oral intercourse, respectively. 21% of FSWs experienced sexual violence. Nearly half (45.2%) of them had an HIV test and more than three-quarters knew their test results. The women in our study preferred to receive their information from health workers (63%) and peer group (45.2%).Conclusion: This study sheds light on the existing knowledge and practices of this high-risk group. Although the majority of FSWs were familiar with HIV/AIDS, risky behaviors such as anal and oral sex are still in practice; this calls for education and HIV prevention campaigns focusing on risk education awareness. Efforts in addressing the problem of inconsistent condom use needs to be directed towards client specific approaches and must be regarded a top priority.