ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessing Emissions of Volatile Organic Componds from Landfills Gas
AbstractBackground: Biogas is obtained by anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes buried materials used to produce electricity, heat and biofuels. Biogas is at the second place for power generation after hydropower and in 2000 about 6% of the world power generation was allocated to biogas. Biogas is composed of 40–45 vol% CO2, 55–65 vol% CH4, and about 1% non-methaneVOCs, and non-methane volatile organic compounds. Emission rates are used to evaluate the compliance with landfill gas emission regulations by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). BTEX comounds affect the air quality and may be harmful to human health. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers that are generally called BTEX compounds are the most abundant VOCs in biogas.Methods: Sampling of VOCs in biogas vents was operated passively or with Tedlar bags. 20 samples were collected from 40 wells of old and new biogas sites of Shiraz’ landfill. Immediately after sampling, the samples were transferred to the laboratory. Analysis of the samples was performed with GC-MS.Results: The results showed that in the collection of the old and new biogas sites, the highest concentration of VOCs was observed in toluene (0.85ppm) followed by benzene (0.81ppm), ethylbenzene (0.13ppm) and xylene (0.08ppm).Conclusion: The results of the study showed that in all samples, most available compounds in biogas vents were aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.These compounds’ constituents originate from household hazardous waste materials deposited in the landfill or from biological/chemical decomposition processes within the landfill.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42795_2df5c2845b3f85978549bcbd58f85c56.pdf
2016-01-12
2
6
VOCs
BTEX
Biogas plant
energy
Tedlar bags
Fahime
Khademi
fkhademi505@yahoo.com
1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Samaei
mrsamaei@sums.ac.ir
2
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kourosh
Azizi
azizik@sums.ac.ir
3
Department of Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abbas
Shahsavani
ashahsavani@gmail.com
4
Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran & Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Hashemi
h2_hashemi62@yahoo.com
5
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Aida
Iraji
6
Central research laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abdolkhalegh
Miri
7
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Lakhouit A, Schirmer WN, Johnson TR, Cabana H, Cabral AR. Evaluation of the efficiency of an experimental biocover to reduce BTEX emissions from landfill biogas. Chemosphere 2014; 97: 98-101.
1
Rasi S, Läntelä J, Rintala J. Trace compounds affecting biogas energy utilisationâA review. Energy Conversion and Management 2011; 52(12): 3369-75.
2
Rasi S, Veijanen A, Rintala J. Trace compounds of biogas from different biogas production plants. Energy 2007; 32(8): 1375-80.
3
SevimoÄlu O, Tansel B. Effect of persistent trace compounds in landfill gas on engine performance during energy recovery: a case study. Waste management 2013; 33(1): 74-80.
4
Deublein D, Steinhauser A. Biogas from waste and renewable resources: an introduction: John Wiley & Sons; 2011.
5
Takuwa Y, Matsumoto T, Oshita K, Takaoka M, Morisawa S, Takeda N. Characterization of trace constituents in landfill gas and a comparison of sites in Asia. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 2009; 11(4): 305-11.
6
Saral A, Demir S, Yıldız Å. Assessment of odorous VOCs released from a main MSW landfill site in Istanbul-Turkey via a modelling approach. J Hazard Mater 2009; 168(1): 338-45.
7
Rad HD, Babaei AA, Goudarzi G, Angali KA, Ramezani Z, Mohammadi MM. Levels and sources of BTEX in ambient air of Ahvaz metropolitan city. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2014; 7(4): 515-24.
8
Scheutz C, Bogner J, Chanton JP, Blake D, Morcet M, Aran C, et al. Atmospheric emissions and attenuation of non-methane organic compounds in cover soils at a French landfill. Waste Management 2008; 28(10): 1892-908.
9
Zou S, Lee S, Chan C, Ho K, Wang X, Chan L, et al. Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds at a landfill site in Guangzhou, South China. Chemosphere 2003; 51(9): 1015-22.
10
Tassi F, Montegrossi G, Vaselli O, Liccioli C, Moretti S, Nisi B. Degradation of C 2âC 15 volatile organic compounds in a landfill cover soil. Science of the Total Environment 2009; 407(15): 4513-25.
11
Assmuth T, Kalevi K. Concentrations and toxicological significance of trace organic compounds in municipal solid waste landfill gas. Chemosphere 1992; 24(9): 1207-16.
12
Mayrhofer S, Mikoviny T, Waldhuber S, Wagner AO, Innerebner G, FrankeâWhittle IH, et al. Microbial community related to volatile organic compound (VOC) emission in household biowaste. Environmental microbiology 2006; 8(11): 1960-74.
13
Mendell MJ. Indoor residential chemical emissions as risk factors for respiratory and allergic effects in children: a review. Indoor Air 2007; 17(4): 259-77.
14
Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R. The health effects of indoor air pollution exposure in developing countries. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2002; 11.
15
Mathur AK, Balomajumder C. Biological treatment and modeling aspect of BTEX abatement process in a biofilter. Bioresource Technology 2013; 142: 9-17.
16
Whitworth KW, Symanski E, Coker AL. Childhood lymphohematopoietic cancer incidence and hazardous air pollutants in southeast Texas, 1995â2004. 2008.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences In 2012
Background: Depression is one of the mental disorders which have become a public health problem throughout of the world. The objective of this study was to investigate depression and to determine its correlated factors among students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS).Methods: 358 students of SUMS participated in this crosssectional study in 2012. The participants were selected by Proportion Partition sampling method. A two-part questionnaire was used as the data collecting tool. In the first part, demographic characteristics and in the second part the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were included.Results: Mean score of depression in the studied population was 10.98. More than half of all the participants (54.7%) were symptomless; 41% of them were in the weak to moderate depression categories, and 4.2% in the strong and very strong categories. The data showed a significant relationship between scores of depression and marital status, academic grade, field content of study, use of psychoactive drugs, job outlook, problem with marriage and religious commitments. The depression scores in the married, religious and postgraduate participants and in those participants with course pleasure and excellent career perspective were lower than those in the other groups.Conclusion: Taking measures to reduce the factors leading to mental disorders is recommended. The involvement of students in socio-cultural, recreational and sport activities, reinforcement of consultation and clinical psychological services, and promotion of religious beliefs are instrumental in the enhancement of moral values and amelioration of depression among university students.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42796_01544d6dfbc4503428e7dc7eb8f54fa4.pdf
2016-01-12
7
13
Mental disorders
depression
Inventory
Students
Zahra
Zamanian
zamanianz@sums.ac.ir
1
Associate Professor, Department of
Occupational Health Engineering, School
of Health, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Shahrzad
Riaei
2
MSc Student, Student Research
Committee, School of Health, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran;
AUTHOR
Najmeh
Kaveh
3
BSc Student, Student Research
Committee, School of Health, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran;
AUTHOR
Amineh
Khosravani
4
BSc Student, Student Research
Committee, School of Health, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran;
AUTHOR
hadi
daneshmandi
daneshmand@sums.ac.ir
5
Ph.D Student, Research Center for
Health Sciences, Shiraz University of
Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehrab
Sayadi
sayadi_me@yahoo.com
6
MSc, Vice-Chancellorship for Health,
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Mohammad Djaefar
Moemenbellah-Fard
momenbf@sums.ac.ir
7
Associate Professor, Research Centre
for Health Sciences, Department of
Medical Entomology, School of Health,
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
References
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Stordal E, Bjartveit Krüger M, Dahl NH ,Krüger Ã, Mykletun A, Dahl A. Depression in relation to age and gender in the general population: the Nordâ Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001; 104(3): 210-6. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00130.x/pdf
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Buchanan JL. Prevention of depression in the college student population: a review of the literature. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2012; 26(1): 21-42. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0883941711000379
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Eller T, Aluoja A, Vasar V, Veldi M. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in Estonian medical students with sleep problems. Depress Anxiety 2006; 23(4): 250-6. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ da.20166/abstract
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Ibrahim AK, Kelly SJ, Glazebrook C. Reliability of a shortened version of the Zagazig Depression Scale and prevalence of depression in an Egyptian university student sample. Compr Psychiatry 2012; 53(5): 638-47. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0010440X11001416
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Mahmoud JSR, Staten RT, Hall LA, Lennie TA. The relationship among young adult college studentsâ depression, anxiety, stress, demographics, life satisfaction, and coping styles Issues Ment Health Nurs 2012; 33(3): 149-56. http://informahealthcare. com/doi/abs/10.3109/01612840.2011.632708
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Reavley N, Jorm AF. Prevention and early intervention to improve mental health in higher education students: a review. Early Interv Psychiatry 2010; 4(2): 132-42. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00167.x/pdf
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Ahmari Tehran H, Heidari A, Kachoei A, Moghiseh M, Irani A. The Relationship between Depression and Religious Attitudes in Students of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal 2009; 3(3): 51-6. http://www. sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_pdf/49913880308.pdf
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Rezaei adriani M, Azadi A, Ahmadi F, Vahedian Azimi A. Comparison of depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life in dormitories students of Tarbiat Modares University. IJNR 2007; 2(5): 31-8. http:// www.ijnr.ir/browse.php?a_id=128&sid=1&slc_lang=en
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Baghianimoghadam M H, Ehrampoosh M H, Khabiri F. Depression and its Relation with Some Acdemic Factors in Shahid Sadoughi University Students. The journal of Toloo-e-behdasht 2006; 5(1,2): 47-54. http:// www.ssu.ac.ir/fileadmin/templates/fa/Moavenatha/ Moavenat-Daneshjie/tolobehdasht/Pdf-File/bahar_va_ tabestan_85/6 BAKIAN.....pdf
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Sarokhani D, Delpisheh A, Veisani Y, Sarokhani MT, Esmaelimanesh R, Sayehmiri K. Prevalence of Depression among University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. Depress Res Treat 2013; 2013: 373857. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ drt/2013/373857/abs/
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Groth-Marnat G. Handbook of psychological assessment: John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
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Morgan C, Cotten SR. The relationship between Internet activities and depressive symptoms in a sample of college freshmen. Cyberpsychol Behav 2003; 6(2): 133-42. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/ abs/10.1089/109493103321640329
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Fenton Process in Removal of Direct Red 81
AbstractBackground: Dyes are visible materials and are considered as one of the hazardous components that make up the industrial waste. Dye compounds in natural water, even in very low concentrations, will lead to environmental problems. Azo dyes are compounds with one or more –N=N– groups and are used in textile industry. Because of its low price, solubility, and stability, azo dyes are widely used in the textile industry. Direct Red 81 (DR81) is one of the azo dyes, which is removed from bodies of water, using various methods. This study aimed to assess DR81 dye removal by Fenton oxidation and the effects of various parameters on this process.Methods: Decolorization tests by Fenton oxidation were performed at dye concentrations of 50, 500, 100 and 1000 mg/L; hydrogen peroxide concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 60 and 120 mg/L; iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate concentrations of 0, 3, 5, 20 and 50 mg/L; and pH levels of 3, 5, 7 and 10 for durations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 180 minutes.Results: The optimal condition occurred at a dye concentration of 20 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 120 mg/L, bivalent iron concentration of 100 mg/L, pH of 3, and duration of 30 minutes. Under such conditions, the maximum dye removal rate was 88.98%.Conclusion: The results showed that DR81 could be decomposed and removed by Fenton oxidation. In addition, the removal of Direct Red 81 (DR81) depends on several factors such as dye concentration, reaction time, concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and iron, and pH.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42797_4710495586535039a47c457cae777232.pdf
2016-01-11
14
21
Fenton process
Direct Red 81 dye
Advanced oxidation process
Hydroxyl radical
Waste water treatment
Mohammad Ali
Baghapour
1
Department of Environmental Health
Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mansooreh
Dehghani
mandehghani@yahoo.com
2
Department of Environmental Health
Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran
AUTHOR
zahra
elhamiyan
z.elhamiyan@gmail.com
3
Department of Environmental Health
Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Heravi MM, Kodabande A, Bozorgmehr MR, Ardalan T, Ardalan P. Kinetic and hermodynamic Studies on Biosorption of Direct DR81 from Aqueous Solutions by Chamomilla Plant. Journal of Chemical Health Risks 2012; 2(4): 37-44.
2
Baban A, Yediler A, Avaz G, Hostede SS. Biological and oxidative treatment of cotton textile dye-bath effluents by fixed and fluidized bed reactors. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101(4): 1147-52.
3
Naeem A, Hameedb A, Ahmed S. Physicochemical characterization and Bioremediation perspective of textile effluent, dyes and metals by indigenous Bacteria. J Hazard Mater 2009; 164(1): 322-8.
4
Deepa K, Chandran P, Sudheer Khan S. Bio removal of Direct Red from aqueous solution by Pseudomonas putida and its adsorption isotherms and kinetics. Ecological Engineering 2013; 58: 207-13. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.06.037.
5
Saidi AR. chlorine dioxide gas efficiency for wastewater color of the textile industry. 9 School of Public Health, Tehran University (1380).
6
Sanroman M, Pazos A, Ricart M, Cameselle C. Electrochemical decolourisation of structurally different dyes. Chemosphere 2004; 57(3): 233-9.
7
Keshmirizadeh E, Eshaghi Sh. Removal of Anionic Brown 14 and Cationic Blue 41 dyes via Fenton Process.
8
Journal of Applied Chemical Research 2015; 9(1): 83-93.
9
Momen Heravi M, Kodabande A, Bozorgmehr MR, Ardalan T, Ardalan P. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Biosorption of Direct Red 81 from Aqueous Solutions by Chamomilla Plant. Journal of Chemical Health Risks 2012; 2(4): 37-44.
10
Nazari Sh, Yari AR, Mahmodian MH, Tanhaye Reshvanloo M, Alizadeh Matboo S, Majidi GH, at el. Application of H2O2 and H2O2 / Fe0 in removal of Acid Red 18 dye from aqueous solutions. Arch Hyg Sci 2013; 2(3): 114-20.
11
Mahmudi NM, Rayat Tari KH, Borhani Sh, Arami M, Noormohammadian F. decolorization of effluent containing acidic azo dye with Fenton process: Operational factors and comparative study. Journal of Dye Science and Technology 2008; 2: 40-31.
12
Arbabi M, Ahmadi M, Sedehi M. Optimizing COD and dye removal from yeast wastewater using Fenton oxidation. Journal of Health and Environment, Environmental Health Research Association 2014; 7(3): 384-75.
13
Sohrabi MR, Khavaran A, Shariati Sh, Shariati Sh. Removal of Carmoisine edible dye by Fenton and photo Fenton processes using Taguchi orthogonal array design. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2014; 2-9. http:
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El Haddad M, Regti A, Laamari MR, Mamouni R, Saffaj N. Use of Fenton reagent as advanced oxidative process for removing textile dyes from aqueous solutions. J Mater Environ Sci 2014; 5(3): 667-74.
16
Hameed BH, Lee TW. Degradation of malachite green in aqueous solution by Fenton process. J Hazard Mater 2009; 164: 468-72.
17
Emami F, Tehrani Bagha A, Gharanjic K. Investigating factors effecting decolorization of the azo dye CI Reactive Red 120 via Fenton method. Journal of Dye Science and Technology 2010; 114: 104-5.
18
Chen R, Pignatello JJ. Role of quinone intermediates as electron shuttles in Fenton and photoassisted Fenton oxidations of aromatic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 1997; 31: 2399-406.
19
Joseph JM, DestaillatsH, Hung HM, Michael R. Hoffmann. The Sonochemical Degradation of Azobenzene and Related Azo Dyes: Rate Enhancements via Fentonâs Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2000; 104: 301-7.
20
BarbusiÅski K. The Modified Fenton Process for Dedyeization of Dye Wastewater. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2005; 14(3): 281-5.
21
Chiou CS, Chang CY, Shie JL. Dedyeation of reactive black 5 in aqueous solution by electro-fenton reaction. Environmental Engineering and Management 2006; 16(4): 243-8.
22
Panizza M, Cerisola G. Electro-Fenton degradation of synthetic dyes. Water Research 2009; 43(2): 339-44.
23
Mousavi A, Mohammadi P, Parastar M, Qaebzadeh M, Kamari F. Efficiency of Fenton Oxidation in Rodamine B Removal from Synthetic Solutions. Journal of Water and Wastewater 2014; 6: 122-9.
24
Bahmani P, MalekiA. Ghahremani A, Kohzadi Sh. âEfficiency of fenton oxidation process in removal of remazol black-B from aqueous.â J Health 2013; 4(1): 57-67.
25
Rahmani Z, Kermani M, Gholami M, Jafari A, Mahmoodi N. Effectiveness of photochemical and
26
sonochemical processes in degradation of Basic Violet 16 (BV16) dye from aqueous solutions. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2012; 9(1): 14.
27
Ganesan R, Thanasekaran K. Decolorization of textile dyeing Wastewater by modified solar Photo-Fenton Oxidation. International Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011; 1(6): 1168-76.
28
Tunc S¸ GürkanaT, Dumanb O. On-line spectrophotometric method for the determination of optimum operation parameters on the dedyeization of Acid Red 66 and Direct Blue 71 from aqueous solution by Fenton process. Chemical Engineering Journal 2012; 182: 431-42.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Correlation between Dietary Glycemic Index and Blood Lipids Abnormality as a Main Risk Factor of Atherosclerosis in Healthy Women from Ahvaz
AbstractBackground: Atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in Iranian population. High serum lipid levels, especially the elevated level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), have been shown to be strongly related to the development of atherosclerosis. The relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI) and lipid profile, particularly in nonwestern populations, has not been well studied; also, the result of studies are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI) and main risk factor of atherosclerosis including abnormal blood lipid levels in healthy women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done to investigate the associations between dietary GI and lipid profile. The subjects were 87 female personnel of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences aged 25-55 y; they were recruited randomly. Dietary GI was calculated from six 24 hour recalls (including 4 usual days and 2 holidays).Results: The mean of dietary GI was 72.1±4.07. After adjustment for potential dietary and non- dietary confounding factors, no significant relationship was found between dietary GI with HDL-C and LDL-C. There was also no statistically significant relationship between GI and total cholesterol or fasting Triacylglycerol.Conclusion: Findings of this study did not support the hypothesis of physiologic relevance of GI and lipid profile abnormality as a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42798_9c92d47755b99141ad66b229b73d5ffb.pdf
2016-01-11
22
26
Glycemic Indices
LDL-C
Atherosclerosis
Farideh
Shishebor
1
Department of Nutrition, School of
Health and Nutrition, Ahvaz University of
Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
AUTHOR
zahra
shamekhi
z_shamekhi2007@yahoo.com
2
Department of Nutrition, School of
Health and Nutrition, Ahvaz University of
Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Karandish
3
Faculty of Nutrition, School of Health
and Nutrition, Ahvaz University of
Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Latifi
4
Faculty of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Ahvaz University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
References
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Hatmi ZN, Tahvildari S, Gafarzadeh Motlag A, Sabouri Kashani A. Prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors in Iran. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2007; 7: 32.
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Kromhout D, Menotti A, Kesteloot H, Sans S. Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease by Diet and Lifestyle Evidence From Prospective Cross-Cultural, Cohort, and Intervention Studies. Circulation 2002; 105: 893-8.
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Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 362-6.
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Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Augustin LS, Franceschi S, Hamidi M, Marchie A, et al. glycemic index :overview of implication in health and disease . Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76(1): 266-73.
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Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Collier GR, Ocana A, Rao AV, Buckley G, et al. Meta bolic effects of a low-glycemicindex diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46(6): 968-75.
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David S. Ludwig, The Glycemic Index Physiological Mechanisms Relating to Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA 2002; 287: 2414-23.
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Thomas DE, Elliott EJ, Baur L. low glycemic index or low glycemic load diets for overweight and obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; 3: 254-9.
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Amano Y, Kawakubo K, Lee JS, Tang AC, Sugiyama M, Mori K. Correlation between dietary glycemic index and risk factors among Japanese women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58(11): 1472-8.
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Murakami K, Sasaki S, Takahashi Y, Okubo H, Hosoi Y, Horiguchi H, et al. Dietary glycemic index and load in relation to metabolic risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83(5): 1161-9.
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Mirmiran Parvin, Saidpor Atosa, Niazi Somaye, Azizi Fereidon. Correlation between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and metabolic syndrome. Iran Endocrine and Metabolism Journal 2009; 6: 615-25.
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Taleban A, Esmayili M. Glycemic index of Iranian food. Tehran: National nutrition & food technology research institute publication; 1999.
13
Foster-Powell K, Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76: 5-56.
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Wolever TMS, Nguyen PM, Chiasson JL. Relationship between habitual diet and blood glucose and lipids in non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Nutr Res 1995; 15: 843-57.
15
Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Holmes MD, Hu FB, Hankinson SE, et al. Dietary glycemic load assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma triacylglycerols in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73(3): 560-6.
16
Van Dam RM, Visscher AW, Feskens EJ, Verhoef P, Kromhout D. Dietary glycemic index in relation to metabolic risk factors and inci dence of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000; 54: 726-31.
17
Frost G, Leeds AA, Dore CJ, Madeiros S, Brading S, Dornhorst A. Glycaemic index as a determinant of serum HDL cholesterol concentration. Lancet 1999; 353(9158): 1045-8.
18
Ford ES, Liu S. Glycemic index and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration among us adults. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 572-6.
19
Shikany JM, Phadke RP, Redden DT, Gower BA. Effects of low- and high-glycemic index/glycemic load diets on coronary heart disease risk factors in overweight/obese men. Metabolism 2009; 58: 1793-801.
20
Zhang Z, Lanza E, Kris-Etherton PM, Colburn NH, Bagshaw D, Rovine M, et al. A high legume low glycemic index diet improves serum lipid profiles in men. Lipids 2010; 45(9): 767-75.
21
Raatz SK, Torkelson CJ, Redmon JB, Reck KP, Kwong CA, Swanson J, et al. Reduced glycemic index and glycemic load diets do not increase the effects of energy restriction on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in obese men and women. J Nutr 2005; 135: 2387-91.
22
Solomon TP, Haus JM, Kelly KR, Cook MD, Filion J, Rocco M, et al. low-glycemic index diet combined with exercise reduces insulin resistance, postprandial hyperinsulinemia, and glucose-dependent insulin tropic polypeptide responses in obese, prediabetic humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 1359-68.
23
Malin SK, Niemi N, Solomon TP, Haus JM, Kelly KR, Filion J, et al. Exercise training with weight loss and either a high- or low-glycemic index diet reduces metabolic syndrome severity in older adults. Ann Nutr Metab 2012; 61(2): 135-41.
24
Brand-Miller JC. Glycemic load and chronic disease. Nutr Rev 2003; 61: 49-55.
25
Reaven GM. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiol Rev 1995; 75(3): 473-86.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Systemic Thinking and Partnership Working: A Cross Sectional Study in a Medical Sciences University in Iran
Abstract:Background: Systemic thinking can provide practice in multidisciplinary team working and improve the organizational efficacy. This study aimed to determine the association between systemic thinking and partnership working in the employees of a medical sciences university in the south of Iran.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZAUMS) in 2015. The study population consisted of all employees in ZAUMS; 370 participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Two standard questionnaires were used for data gathering. The data were analyzed in SPSS (v21) using Pearson, One way ANOVA, and logistic regression. The level of significance was considered as 0.05.Results: In this study, 225 participants (60.8%) were female and their mean age was 34.7±8.7. The score of partnership working for 362 participants was higher than the mean standard (40). Systemic thinking had a positive association with partnership working (p=0.001) and married status of the participants (p=0.04). Partnership working in male and older staff was more than others in ZAUMS (p<0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Systematic thinking had a positive association with the employees’ working partnership. Moreover, the male staff had better systematic thinking. It is recommended that the managers should promote systematic thinking in staff, especially in females, for better partnership and efficacy in organizations.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42799_5d8f1c7bba7150d85789a0021e26b292.pdf
2016-01-11
27
31
Systemic Thinking
Partnership
Productivity
Medical staff
Mohammad
Khammarnia
m_khammar1985@yahoo.com
1
Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Aziz
Kassani
azizkassani@yahoo.com
2
Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Peyvand
3
Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Setoodezadeh
fsetudezade@gmail.com
4
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
References
1
De Savigny D, Adam T. Systems thinking for health systems strengthening: World Health Organization; 2009.
2
A G, S s. Relation between manager stratejic thinking and Demographic variables and good qualities. Human Resource Management 2015; 5(2): 121-38.
3
Leischow SJ, Best A, Trochim WM, Clark PI, Gallagher RS, Marcus SE, et al. Systems thinking to improve the public's health. Am J Prev Med 2008; 35(2): S196-S203.
4
El-Jardali F, Adam T, Ataya N, Jamal D, Jaafar M. Constraints to applying systems thinking concepts in health systems: A regional perspective from surveying stakeholders in Eastern Mediterranean countries. Int J Health Policy Manag 2014; 3(7): 399.
5
Casey AJ, Goldman EF. Enhancing the ability to think strategically: A learning model. Management Learning 2010; 41(2): 167-85.
6
Vetere A, Dallos R. Working systemically with families: Formulation, intervention and evaluation: Karnac Books; 2003.
7
Leischow SJ, Milstein B. Systems thinking and modeling for public health practice. Am J Public Health 2006; 96(3): 403-5.
8
Best A, Moor G, Holmes B, Clark PI, Bruce T, Leischow S, et al. Health promotion dissemination and systems thinking: towards an integrative model. Am J Health Behav 2003; 27(Supplement 3): S206-S16.
9
Vetere A. Editorial: Bio/psycho/social models and multidisciplinary team working-can systemic thinking help? Clin child psychol psychiatry 2007; 12(1): 5-12.
10
Trochim WM, Cabrera DA, Milstein B, Gallagher RS, Leischow SJ. Practical challenges of systems thinking and modeling in public health. Am J Public Health 2006; 96(3): 538-46.
11
Organization WH. The world health report 2000: health systems: improving performance: World Health Organization; 2000.
12
Naaldenberg J, Vaandrager L, Koelen M, Wagemakers A-M, Saan H, de Hoog K. Elaborating on systems thinking in health promotion practice. Glob Health Promot 2009; 16(1): 39-47.
13
Hunter D, Perkins N. Partnership working in public health: the implications for governance of a systems approach. J Health Serv Res Policy 2012; 17(suppl 2): 45-52.
14
Glasby J, Dickinson H, Miller R. Partnership working in Englandâwhere we are now and where weâve come from. Int J Integr Care 2011; 11(Special 10th Anniversary Edition).
15
Henwood M. Effective partnership working: a case study of hospital discharge. Health Soc Care Community 2006; 14(5): 400-7.
16
Gardiner C, Gott M, Ingleton C. Factors supporting good partnership working between generalist and specialist palliative care services: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract 2012; 62(598): e353-e62.
17
Smith K, Bambra C, Joyce K, Perkins N, Hunter D, Blenkinsopp E. Partners in health? A systematic review of the impact of organizational partnerships on public health outcomes in England between 1997 and 2008. J Public Health 2009; 31(2): 210-21.
18
Moammai H, Amini M, Dargahi H, Mashayekh M, Janbozorgi M. Strategic Thinking Measurement among Staff Managers of Tehran University of Medical Science. Journal of Health Administration 2013; 16(53): 73-84.
19
Khademi AR, Ghaderi M, Ali M, Pouya M. Investigation of Cardio-Respiratory Fitness, Stress and Body Mass Index of Public Employees Regarding Working Partnership. Advances in Environmental Biology 2012; 6(3): 1051-5.
20
Washington ML, Kurthakoti R, Halpin AL, Byrd S. Assessing Systemic Thinking in Undergraduates: An Exploratory Study Using a Total Enterprise Business Simulation. Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning 2014; 41.
21
Isfahani HM, Aryankhesal A, Haghani H. The Relationship Between the Managerial Skills and Results of" Performance Evaluation" Tool Among Nursing Managers in Teaching Hospitals of Iran University of Medical Science. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 7(2): p38.
22
Hung T-M, Tang L-C, Ko C-J. How Mental Health Nurses Improve Their Critical Thinking Through Problem-Based Learning. J Nurses Prof Dev 2015; 31(3): 170-5.
23
K Mk, H R, M R. Relation between Systemic Thinking and Teacher Innovation in Tehran School. Futures Management 2012; 23: 51-63.
24
West GB. The importance of quantitative systemic thinking in medicine. The Lancet 2012; 379(9825): 1551-9.
25
Shams A, Samooei R, Porriahi H. The Relation Between Cooperation of Employees and 5 Sources of Manager's Power in State Hospitals of Isfahan. 2011.
26
Amini MT, Bakhtiari L, Dargahi H, Karimi O, Moammai H, Janbozorgi M, et al. Measurement Of Systemic Thinking Among TUMS Senior Managers Using Goldman Strategic Model. Payavard Salamat 2013; 7(3): 188-96.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Epidemiologic Study of Suicidal Attempt Cases in Fars Province, South of Iran, 2010-2011
AbstractBackground: The reduction of suicidal attempts as one of the most important goals is improvement of societies’ health status. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiologic aspects of suicide cases in Fars province in 2010-2011.Methods: A total of 9714 suicide cases in Fars province, south of Iran, in 2010-2011 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study through census. The study data were collected using suicide registry forms in the health centers affiliated to Fars province department of health services and analyzed using SPSS, version 17.Results: The rate of suicide attempts was 116.5 per 100,000 population in Fars province (93per 100,000 among men and 141.5 per 100,000 among women). The results showed significant differences between the suicide rates based on sex, age group, place of living, and season of the year (P<0.001). Most of these cases were female (59.4%), single (52.9%), 15-24 years old (56.4%), had high school education (25.8%), lived in urban areas (69.6%) and were female homemakers (30.3%). Based on the data, however, the largest number of suicide deaths resulted from self-immolation (56.7%).Conclusion: The present study findings revealed different rates of suicidal attempts based on sex and age group. Also, the importance of education and mental support, especially among women and singles, and also preventive measures in the context of uncontrolled immigration from the countryside to the large cities seems to essential more than ever. Yet, defects in some findings, particularly information about etiology, suggest that more researches should be conducted and suicide data registry and reporting systems should be improved.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42800_feed2b6f99e4779ec2c06570dbb1a685.pdf
2016-01-11
32
39
Suicide
Epidemiology
Fars province
Iran
Mojtaba
Naghshvarian
m_naghshvarian@yahoo.com
1
1Shiraz HIV/AIDS research center
(Sharc). Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossien
Kaveh
2
Department of Health Education and
Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
hesampour
mhesampour@sums.ac.ir
3
Department of Health Education and
Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran;
AUTHOR
fariba
Rezaee
behravan1@sums.ac.ir
4
Department of Health services, Unit
of Mental Health,Shiraz University of
Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Mirahmadizadeh
mirahmadia@sums.ac.ir
5
Department of Epidemiology, School
of Health, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
References
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Yasamy M, Sabahi A, Mirhashemi M, Seifi S, Azar Keyvan P, Taheri M. Epidemiological survey of suicide through the Forensic Medical Center in the province of Kerman. Iranian journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology 2002; 7(4): 4-12.
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Rezaeian M. Comparing the Statistics of Iranian Ministry of Health with Data of Iranian Statistical Center Regarding Recorded Suicidal Cases in Iran. 2012.
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Khajeh E, Hossein Pour M, Sedigh B, Rezvani Y. Image of suicide in Hormozgan province. Hormozgan medical journal 2014; 17(1): 61-7.
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Suicide Incidence Trends in the Southwest Iran: 2004- 2009. Int J Health Policy Manag 2013; 1(3): 219.
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Abel W, James K, Bridgelal-Nagassar R, Holder-Nevins D, Eldemire H, Thompson E, et al. The epidemiology of suicide in Jamaica 2002-2010: rates and patterns. West Indian Med J 2012; 61(5): 509-15.
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Amiri B, Pourreza A, Rahimi Foroushani A, Hosseini SM, Poorolajal J. Suicide and associated risk factors in Hamadan Province, West of Iran, in 2008 and 2009. J Res Health Sci 2012; 12(2): 88-92.
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Ghalehiha A, Behroozi Fard F. Epidemiologic Survey Of Suicide Attempters Hospitalized In Hamadan Sina Hospital In 2001 2002. Scientific Journal Of Hamadan University Of Medical Sciences And Health Services 2007; 4(13): 58-63.
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Mert E, Bilgin NG. Demographical, aetiological and clinical characteristics of poisonings in Mersin, Turkey. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006; 25(4): 217-23.
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Devrimci-Ozguven H, Sayil I. Suicide attempts in Turkey: results of the WHO-EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour. Can J Psychiatry 2003; 48(5): 324-9.
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Senol V, Unalan D, Avsarogullari L, Ikizceli I. An analysis of patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Erciyes University Medical School due to suicidal attempt. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2005; 6: 19-29.
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Corcoran P, Nagar A. Suicide and marital status in Northern Ireland. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010; 45(8): 795-800.
32
Yamauchi T, Fujita T, Tachimori H, Takeshima T, Inagaki M, Sudo A. Age-adjusted relative suicide risk by marital and employment status over the past 25 years in Japan. J Public Health 2013; 35(1): 49-56.
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Wyder M, Ward P, De Leo D. Separation as a suicide risk factor. J Affect Disord 2009; 116(3): 208-13.
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Lindström M, Rosvall M. Marital status, social capital and health locus of control: A population-based study. Public Health 2012; 126(9): 790-5.
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Shams Alizadeh N, Afkhamzadeh A, Mohsenpour B, Salehian B. Suicide attempt and related factors in Kurdistan province. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2010; 15(1): 79-86.
36
Molavi P, Abasi Ranjbar V. Assessment of suicide risk factors among attempted suicide in Ardebil within first half of 1382 [AP]. Journal of rehabilitation (UWRS) 2007; 8(28): 67-71.
37
Gaynes BN, West SL, Ford CA, Frame P, Klein J, Lohr KN. Screening for suicide risk in adults: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140(10): 822-35.
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Levin A. The startling increase in the number of suicides by members of the US Army in the Last few years prompts a major collaborative study of risk and protective factors. Psychiatric News Aug 2009; 44(16): 1.
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Ashkani H, Dehbozorgi Gh.R, Emamgholi Poor N. Assessment of the epidemiological factors associated with suicide among the patients admitted in the psychiatric emergency ward. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences & Health Services 2003; (56): 16-21.
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Krug EG, Mercy JA, Dahlberg LL, Zwi AB. The world report on violence and health. The lancet 2002; 360(9339): 1083-8.
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Gouda MN, Rao SM. Factors related to attempted suicide in Davanagere. Indian J Community Med 2008; 33(1): 15.
42
Turhan E, Inandi T, Aslan M, Zeren C. Epidemiology of attempted suicide in Hatay, Turkey. Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2011; 16(4): 347-52.
43
Alberdi-Sudupe J, Pita-Fernandez S, Gomez-Pardiñas SM, Iglesias-Gil-de-Bernabe F, Garcia-Fernandez J, Martinez-Sande G, et al. Suicide attempts and related factors in patients admitted to a general hospital: a ten-year cross-sectional study (1997-2007). BMC psychiatry 2011; 11(1): 51.
44
Nock MK, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Cha CB, Kessler RC, Lee S. Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiol Rev 2008; 30(1): 133-54.
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Beautrais AL. Suicide and serious suicide attempts in youth: a multiple-group comparison study. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160(6): 1093-9.
46
Morovatdar N, Moradi Lakeh M, Malakouti SK, Nojomi M. Frequency of Methods of Suicide in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) of WHO: A Systematic Review. Iranian journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology 2013; 18(4): 253-60.
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Kopjar B, Dieserud G, Wiik J. [Deliberate selfpoisonings treated in hospitals]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2005; 125(13): 1798-800.
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Taghaddosinejad F, Sheikhazadi A, Behnoush B, Reshadati J, Anary SHS. A survey of suicide by burning in Tehran, Iran. Acta Medica Iranica 2010; 48(4): 266-72.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Inverse Association between Mediterranean- Like Dietary Pattern and Blood Pressure in Male, But Not Female, Adults in Shiraz
AbstractBackground: Dietary pattern is an effective way of studying the effect of diet on diseases. We investigated the association between dietary patterns and blood pressure (BP) in adults aged 20-50 years.Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 418 individuals were selected through stratified multistage random sampling from households living in different regions of Shiraz. Information on demographic characteristics, anthropometric features, dietary intakes, and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was gathered. Dietary patterns were determined using a validated food frequency questionnaire.Results: Three dietary patterns were specified: vegetable (high in vegetables and legumes), Western-like (high in meat, sugarsweetened beverages, salty and sweet snacks, refined grains, high-fat dairy), and Mediterranean-like (rich in low-fat dairy, fruit, vegetables, nuts, olive, fish, and low in hydrogenated fats). After adjustment for confounders, Mediterranean-like dietary pattern had an inverse association with SBP (β=-0.24; 95% CI: -5.25, -1.27) and DBP (β=-0.17; 95% CI: -3.65, -0.20) in males but not females. Vegetable and Western-like dietary patterns were not associated with BP in either sex after adjusting for confounders. Positive relationships were observed between BP and body mass index (r=0.28 and 0.33 for SBP and DBP, P<0.001), waist circumference (r=0.51 and 0.45 for SBP and DBP, P<0.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (r=0.54 and 0.44 for SBP and DBP, P<0.001). Dietary energy and carbohydrates were positively and fats inversely associated with BP. Among micronutrients, vitamin E had a significant inverse association with BP.Conclusion: Mediterranean-like dietary pattern may lower the risk of hypertension in Shiraz males.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42801_a7ccba65d8e7321dc1a7ddb657f3e08d.pdf
2016-01-11
40
49
Blood pressure
Dietary pattern
Mediterranean
Farideh
Dastsouz
shahrzad0100@gmail.com
1
School of Nutrition and Food Sciences,
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Majid
Kamali
2
School of Nutrition and Food Sciences,
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Sadeghi
3
School of Nutrition and Food Sciences,
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Sasan
Amanat
4
School of Nutrition and Food Sciences,
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,
Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Masoumeh
Akhlaghi
msm.akhlaghi@gmail.com
5
Nutrition and Food Sciences Research
Center, School of Nutrition and Food
Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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Kim MK, Kim K, Shin M-H, Shin DH, Lee Y-H, Chun B-Y, et al. The relationship of dietary sodium, potassium, fruits, and vegetables intake with blood pressure among Korean adults aged 40 and older. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8(4): 453-62.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Proposed Algorithm of Screening and Management of Lipids in Adults for Iranian Family Physicians
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to atherosclerosis is the foremost cause of premature mortality and of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in developed and developing countries (1). The associated mortality is preventable through treatment of dyslipidemia (2). Over half of the first CHD events and 3/4 of CHD deaths are preventable by controlling the risk factors, including diet, exercise, weight and blood pressure control; prescription of aspirin and tobacco cessation ; and lowering lipids (3). Dyslipidemia covers the broad spectrum of lipid abnormalities (4). However, elevations of the total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have received the most attention (4). Epidemiologic data revealed that about 70 million Americans had elevated levels of LDL cholesterol between 2005 and 2008 (5). Abnormalities in lipid components are prevalent in Iran and they are more common among men in urban areas. Urbanization, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle are the underlying reasons for the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in Iran (4). Dyslipidemias may be related to other diseases (secondary dyslipidemias); therefore, secondary causes of abnormal lipid levels should be considered first and treated when appropriate (6).The primary target in treating dyslipidemia has been and will probably continue to be LDL cholesterol because it is the most atherogenic lipoprotein which correlates more closely than other lipids with CHD (7). Statin therapy is likely to continue to be emphasized because they are the most effective lipid-lowering agents for reducing LDL cholesterol concentrations, and their efficacy for lowering the risk for cardiovascular events has been proven (8). Every 1.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) reduction in LDL-C is associated with a corresponding 22% reduction in CVD mortality and morbidity (9). Patients with an elevated LDL-cholesterol level should begin the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes program as well as an individualized program of regular exercise. Lifestyle modifications include diet, aerobic exercise, weight control, smoking cessation, evaluation of alcohol consumption; and a nutritional supplement containing sitostanol ester, a saturated derivative of plants’ seed oil (6). Diet and exercise are the cornerstones of treatment for asymptomatic patients with dyslipidemia (6). Smoking cessation reduces coronary event rate by about 50% within one to two years of stopping. Among the benefits of smoking cessation is a 5-10% increase in HDL-C (3). Clinicians should initiate statin therapy regardless of LDL, in patients with established ASCVD. Statins are the drugs of choice for lowering LDL-cholesterol, and aggressive treatment with statins should be pursued (6). Large scale clinical event trials include lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin (3). Statin Dose Intensity is shown in Table 1 (3).
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42794_0e14159124fff016f95aae7f23664ca9.pdf
2016-01-12
50
53
Seyyed Esmaeil
Managheb
1
MD, Quality Improvement in Clinical Education Research Center, Education Development Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahmood
Soveid
2
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Kasaei
3
M.D. Departement of cardiovascular medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
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14