ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship among Quality Transformation, Quality Requirements and Quality Dimensions of services in Hospitals under Supervision of Medical Sciences Universities and Presenting Model
Background: According to quality transformation of services during the time, the quality requirements and standards also change and recognition of these requirements and transformation process can assist in recognizing the quality dimensions of services. The aim of this research was to explain the transformation process, requirements and quality dimensions of services in hospitals. Methods: The present study is a descriptive research of correlational type that used measuring method. In the study, the hospitals affiliated to Medical Sciences Universities were chosen from 4 provinces of Tehran, Fars, Lorestan, and Yazd. 432 staff members answered the quality requirements and transformation process questionnaires; 500 customers answered quality dimensions questionnaires. Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation. Results: The results showed that quality transformation in the studied hospitals with an average of 3.34 was more than the satisfaction and the quality requirements with an average of 3.75 was in a good level; also, the quality dimensions with theaverage of 3.61 was also in a good level. Moreover, there was an inverse relationship between quality transformation and quality requirements and a direct relation between quality requirements and quality dimensions. There was no statistical meaningful and direc relationship between quality transformation and quality dimensions. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, among 4 steps of quality transformation, our country Iran is in the quality control step. Moreover, based on opinions of hospital staff, professional requirement is the most important one among quality requirements components. Also, according to the customers’ viewpoint, if the service is provided with high security, then it is a high quality service. Therefore, quality control together with professional requirement can make a high secure service that contains all quality dimensions.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42802_a3d9c74ea62d19e90277f917501538e4.pdf
2016-04-27
54
63
Services quality
Quality transformation
Quality requirements
Quality dimensions of services
Zahra
Bahrami Nejad
1
Department of Public Management, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran;
AUTHOR
Sanjar
Salajegheh
sanjarsalajeghe1@yahoo.com
2
Department of Public Management, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ayoub
Sheikhi
ayobsheykhi1@yahoo.com
3
Department of Statistics, Kerman Branch, Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Sohrabi Z, Peirovi H, KhachianA, Farajollahi M. Step by step to universities Excellency. Tehran: Nehzate Pooya. 2009.
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Sahney SD, Banwet K, Karunes S. An integrated framework for quality in education: Application of quality function deployment, interpretive structural modeling and path analysis. Total Quality Management 2006; 17(2): 265-85.
2
Keshtkar Z , S habani A , S iadat A : Textbook o f Foundaons and Principles of Quality Management. Tehran: Chapar; Kelke Novin. 2012.
3
Asadi F: Textbook of Comprehensive equality management and evaluation of library service. Tehran: Management and Planning Organization. 2004.
4
Ladhari R. A review of twenty years of SERVQUAL research. Int J Qual Service Sc 2009; 1: 172-98.
5
Karl KA, Harland LK, Peluchette JV, Rodie AR. Perceptions of service quality:whats fun got to do whit it? Health Market Q 2010; 27(2): 155-72.
6
Yu-Jia H. Service Quality as mediator of the relationship between marketing mix strategy and customer loyalty: The case of retailing stores in Taiwan. International Journal of Organization Innovation 2009; 2(2): 282-93.
7
Blery E, Batistatos N, Papastratou E, Preifanos I, Remoundaki G , Retsina M . Service quality and customer retention in mobile telephony. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing 2009; 17(1): 27-37.
8
Swaid SI, Wigand RT. Measuring the quality of e-service: Scale development and initial validation. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research 2009; 10(1): 13-28.
9
Farrington DE, Stuart A, Carraher SM, Cash R. Unfavorable outcomes of service quality: Frustrations of customer loyalty in China and the USA. Proceedings of the Academy for Studies in International Business 2009; 9(1): 6-9.
10
Chao P. Exploring the nature of the relationships between service quality and customer loyalty: An attribute-level analysis. Service Industries Journal 2008; 28(1): 95-119.
11
Noor AM, Dinon M, Kalthom A. Development and validation of patient satisfaction instrument. Leadership in Health Services 2012; 25(1): 27-38.
12
Alhashem AM, Alquraini H, Chowdhury RI. Factor in fluencing patient satisfaction in primary healthcare clinics in Kuwait. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2011; 24(3): 249-62.
13
Soleimanpour H, Gholipouri C, Salarilak S, Raoufi P, Vahidi RG, Jafari Rouhi A, et al. Emergency department patient satisfaction survey in Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Int J Emerg Med 2011; 4: 2.
14
Riyahi B, The new theory of total quality management in public sector of Iran. TEHRAN, Industrial Research and Training Center. 2005.(persian).
15
Taheri SH. Total Quality Management, Press Modern Science, First Edition .2001.(persian).
16
Jafari M, Osuli H, Shahriyari H, Shirazimanesh M, Fahimi A. Total Quality Management, TEHRAN, Press Azhineh, Third edition. 2004.(persian).
17
Haghighikafash M, Mazlumi N, Akbari M. Comparing the quality of public and private companies in the insurance industry in IRAN. Insurance Industry Journal 2007; 17: 74-65.(persian).
18
Shahidi M, The Relationship between the analytical quality requirements and organizational commitment of nurses in Kerman. Masterâs thesis, Islamic Azad University of Kerman.2013.(persian).
19
Edward S. Total Quality Management in Education. translate by Ali Hadighi, Havaye Taze published, Tehran. 2002.(persian)
20
Naebzadeh SH, Fatahi M. Assess the quality of service in the police offices to +10 Using SERVQUAL. Marketing Management Journal 2008; 7.(persian).
21
Douglas A, Firaus J. Campus spies? Using mystery students to evaluate university performance. Education Research 2006; 48(1): 111-9.
22
Azar A, Mohamadlu M, Moghbel A, Ahmadi P. Design a framework for measuring the quality of services in the supply chain. Outlook Industrial Management 2012; 6: 9-24.(Persian).
23
Sarlak M , Abolhasani A, Vazirzanjani H , Akhondi A. Identifying dimensions of service quality in the auto leasing industry. Monthly Business Survey 2008; 25:106-21.(Persian).
24
Latifian A. To evaluate the effectiveness and quality of the relationship between library services Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Science and Technology Magazine 2011; 4.(Persian).
25
Jimmieson NL, Griffin MA. linking client and employee perceptions of the organization : A study of client satisfaction with health care service. J occup organ psycho 2011; 71(1): 81-96.
26
Haque A, Sarwar Aa-M, Yasmin F, A nwar A . T he impact of customer service quality on customer satisfaction for private health center in Malaysia: a structural equation modeling approach information. Management and Business Review 2010; 4(5): 257-67.
27
Lim PC, Tang NA. Study of patientsâ expectations and satisfaction in Singapore hospitals. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2000; 13: 290-9.
28
Wisniewski M. Using SERVQUAL to assess customer satisfaction with public sector services. Managing Service Quality 2001; 11(6): 380-8.
29
Monczka R M, H andfield R B, G iunipero L C, Patterson JL. Textbook of purchasing and supply chain management 4th ed. South âWestern Cengage Learning. 2012.
30
Shirvani A, Sharifian M, The impact of bureaucratic tructure on the quality of services in public hospitals. Fourth International Conference on Management. 2006. (persian).
31
Aghajani M. In an interview with IRNA, Iranâs evening news analysts. www.asriran.com. 2014.(persian).
32
Tabibi J: Textbook of Total Quality Management in Healthcare. TEHRAN, Press Jahan Rayaneh. 2011. (persian).
33
Ghasemi V. Textbook of Using structural equation modeling in social research Amos, Jameeh Publishers, TEHRAN.2012.(Persian).
34
Raminmehr H, Charestad P. Textbook of Quantitative research methods using structural equation modeling. Termeh publishers, TEHRAN. 2012.(Persian).
35
Conaock M, Johns L. Total quality management and its humanistic orientation towards organizational analysis. The TQM Magazine 1988; 10(4): 26-31.
36
Moradi M, Khtooni M, Zeyghami R, Jahanihashemi H, Sheikhi M. Examine the relationship between professional commitment and job satisfaction of nurses in public hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. J Med Ethics 2013; 24: 55-78.
37
Morrison EW. Organizational citizenship behavior as critical link between HRM practice and service quality. Journal of Human Resource Management 1998; 35: 493-512.
38
Soleimani N, Abbaszadeh N, Niazazari B . Work ethics relationship with job satisfaction and job stress in Technical and Vocational Training Organization in Tehran. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration 2011; 3: 21-38.(Persian)
39
Roman S, Ruiz S. Relationship Outcomes of Perceived Ethical Sales Behavior: The Customerâs Perspective. J Bus Res 2014; 58(4): 439-45.
40
Sabahibidgoli M, Mosavi GH, Kebriyaei A, Seyedi S, Shahri S, Atharizadeh M. Check the quality of hospital services from the perspective of patients in university hospitals. Feyz Journal 2009; 2: 146 52.(Persian).
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence, Severity and Factors Related to Mastalgia among Women Referring to Health Centers Affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Background: Mastalgia is a common problem among women. Severe mastalgia can have a negative impact on sexual, physical and sleep activities and behaviors. Regarding the absence of a study on the prevalence and severity of mastalgia in southern Iran, the current study was conducted. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. The participants were women who referred to health centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz. The inclusion criteria were willingness to participate in the study, not being pregnant and breastfeed. The severity of breast pain was calculated with visual analog scale. The data of 845 questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: The participants’ age ranged from 15-50 years; the mean age was 32.84±9.49 years. Among 845 participants, 33% (279) of them had experienced mastalgia in the past three months. Among those who had experienced mastalgia, 81% (226) had cyclical mastalgai and 19% (53) had non-cyclical mastalgia. The mean of pain score was 4.32±2.38 and 12.9% of the participants (36) had pain scores of 8 to 10. The impact of mastalgia on daily and sexual activities and sleep behaviors was reported 9.31% (26), 12.66% (29) and 13.97% (36), respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the spread of mastalgia in women referred to health centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences is lower than that reported in western studies and has lesser effects on their daily, sexual and sleep activities and behaviors. We suggest further studies about mastalgia in others locations in Iran.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42804_a313786d8b919d0b13a9d648c6412137.pdf
2016-04-27
64
69
Keywords: Mastalgia
Breast pain
Cyclical mastalgia
Iran
Farideh
Vaziri
roose82003@yahoo.com
1
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alamtaj
Samsami
2
Infertility Research Center, School of Medicine, Gynecologist, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Zahra
Rahimi
3
Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Negin
Rastgardoost
4
Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Narjes
Nick
5
Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Smith RL, Pruthi S, Fitzpatrick LA. Evaluation and Management of Breast Pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2004; 79: 353-72.
1
Millet AV, Dirbas FM. Clinical Management of Breast Pain: A Review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2002; 57: 451-61.
2
Parsay S, Olfati F, Nahidi S. Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin E on Cyclic Mastalgia. Breast J 2009; 15: 510-4.
3
Santen RJ, Mansel R(). Benign breast disorders. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 275-85.
4
Kataria K, Dhar A, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Goyal A. A systematic review of current understanding and management of mastalgia. Indian J Surg 2014; 76: 217-22.
5
Barros AC, Mottola J, Ruiz CA, Borges MN, Pinotti JA. Reassurance in the Treatment of Mastalgia. Breast J 1999; 5: 162-5.
6
Rosolowich V SE, Szuck B. Mastalgia. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006; 28: 49-74.
7
Olawaiye A, Withiam-Leitch M, Danakas G, Kahn K. Mastalgia: a review of management. J Reprod Med 2005; 50: 933-9.
8
Ader DN, Browne MW. Prevalence and impact of cyclic mastalgia in a United States clinic-based sample. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 177: 126-32.
9
Berek JS. Berek and Novakâs Gynecology. 15th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins; p. 667-70, 2012.
10
Fritz Ma SL. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 2010.
11
Goodwin PJ, Miller A, Del Giudice ME, Singer W, Connelly P, Ritchie JK. Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dietary fat intake in women with cyclic mastopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179: 430-7.
12
Sharami SH, Sobhani AR, Asgharnia M, Shabani M. Prevalence of cyclical mastalgia and its relation with age, marriage and employment outside the house. Journal Of Guilan University of Medical Sciences 2000; 9: 111-6.[in persian]
13
Kaviani A, Majidzadeh K, Sadat Vahdaninia M. Breast pain frequency in Iranian women. Payash 2001; 1: 57-61. [in persian]
14
Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8: 1153-7.
15
Ader D, South-Paul J, Adera T, Deuster P. Cyclical mastalgia: prevalence and associated health and behavioral factors. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 2001; 22: 71-6.
16
Leinster S, Whitehouse G, Walsh P. Cyclical mastalgia: clinical and mammographic observations in a screened population. Br J Surg 1987; 74: 220-2.
17
Krishnaswamy U. Profile of benign breast diseases in urban India. Indian J Surg 2003; 65: 178- 81.
18
Cheung KL. Management of cyclical mastalgia in oriental women: pioneer experience of using gamolenic acid (Efamast) in Asia. Aust N Z J Surg 1999; 69: 492-4.
19
Chowdhury RA. Analysis of Breast Pain: a Study of 110 Cases. J Med 2009; 10: 77-81.
20
Carmichael AR, Bashayan O, Nightingale P. Objective analyses of mastalgia in breast clinics: is breast pain questionaire a useful tool in a busy breast clinic? Breast 2006; 15: 498-502.
21
Scurr J, Hedger W, Morris P, Brown N. The prevalence, severity, and impact of breast pain in the general population. Breast J 2014; 20: 508-13.
22
Onstad M, Stuckey A. Benign breast disorders. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2013; 40: 459-73.
23
Vaziri F, Zamani Lari M, Samsami Dehaghani A, Salehi M, Sadeghpour H, Akbarzadeh M. Comparing the effects of dietary flaxseed and omega-3 Fatty acids supplement on cyclical mastalgia in Iranian women: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Family Med 2014; 2014: 174532
24
Maddox PR, Harrison BJ, Mansel RE, Hughes LE. Non-cyclical mastalgia: an improved classification and treatment. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 901-4.
25
Morrow M. The Evaluation of Common Breast Problems. Am Fam Physician 2000; 61: 2371-8.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dietitians about Nutritional Supplements in Shiraz, 2014
Background: Due to the increasing global use of nutritional supplements, dietitians play a key role in raising consumer awareness and reducing supplementary side effects. Hence, determination of the states of knowledge, attitudes and practices of this group as to common dietary supplements is important. Methods: A list of all the dietitians employed in the health centers, nutrition clinics and private offices of Shiraz city was prepared; then, all the 36 qualified dietitians were referred to and the information of 25 dietitians was collected. To gather the data, we employed a 4-part questionnaire including demographic data and questions related to their knowledge, attitudes, and practices about prescribed dietary supplements. The knowledge scores of less than 50%, 50-75%, and over 75% were considered as low, medium, and good knowledge, respectively. And the classification of attitudes was determined based on quartile ranking. The data were statistically analyzed through SPSS, version19, using Chi-square and t-test statistical methods. Results: Most of the dietitians had moderate (80%) and low (20%) level of knowledge, while 100% of them had a positive attitude (3rd quartile) about the role of dietary supplements in health, side effects, and food interactions. The most common supplements recommended were those for anemia and growth of children. In this study, the dietitians who had higher level of knowledge significantly used nutritional journals to increase their awareness. Conclusion: Considering the key roles of dietitians and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the field of supplements and the results of the study, it appears that necessary measures should be taken to enhance the dietitians’ knowledge.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42805_e6da8af4f98a4861876687bfc051569d.pdf
2016-04-30
70
75
Knowledge
Attitude
Practice
Dietitian
Dietary Supplements
Afsane
Ahmadi
ahmadi.afsane@gmail.com
1
Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Nasrin
Nasimi
nasrin_nasimi1992@yahoo.com
2
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farnoosh
Fakoorziba
3
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Javad
Rasooli
4
Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Debas HT, Laxminarayan R, Straus SE. Complementary and alternative medicine. 2006.
2
Hetherwick C, Morris MN, Silliman K. Perceived knowledge, attitudes, and practices of California registered dietitians regarding dietary supplements. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2006;106(3):438-42.
3
Lederman VG, Huffman FG, Enrione EB. Knowledge of Florida nurses and dietitians regarding dietary supplements. Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2009;15(1):38-43 %@ 1744-3881.
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Maddah M, Shoyooie R, Akbarian Z, RostamNejad M, Soleymani M. Dietary supplement use among Iranian adults: a study in northern Iran. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2013;6(1):69-72.
5
Lee Y-K, Georgiou C, Raab C. The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dietitians licensed in Oregon regarding functional foods, nutrient supplements, and herbs as complementary medicine. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2000;100(5):543-8.
6
Timbo BB, Ross MP, McCarthy PV, Lin C-TJ. Dietary supplements in a national survey: prevalence of use and reports of adverse events. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2006;106(12):1966-74 %@ 0002-8223.
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Palmer ME, Haller C, McKinney PE, Klein-Schwartz W, Tschirgi A, Smolinske SC, et al. Adverse events associated with dietary supplements: an observational study. The Lancet. 2003;361(9352):101-6 %@ 0140-6736.
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American Dietetic A. Position of the American Dietetic Association: fortification and nutritional supplements. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2005;105(8):1300 %@ 0002-8223.
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Marra MV, Boyar AP. Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrient supplementation. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2009;109(12):2073-85 %@ 0002-8223.
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Wildish DE. An evidence-based approach for dietitian prescription of multiple vitamins with minerals. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2004;104(5):779- 86 %@ 0002-8223.
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Gardiner P, Woods C, Kemper KJ. Dietary supplement use among health care professionals enrolled in an online curriculum on herbs and dietary supplements. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2006;6(1):1.
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Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S, Raymond JL. Krauseâs food & the nutrition care process: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
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Tulchinsky TH. Micronutrient deficiency conditions: global health issues. Public Health Reviews. 2010;32(1):243.
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Lankarani S, Musaiger AO. The state of nutrition in Fars, Iran: a review. Nutrition and health. 1991;7(3):135-42.
16
Karimi M, Yarmohammadi H, Kadivar R. Assessment of the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, by serum ferritin, in pregnant women of Southern Iran. Medical Science Monitor. 2002;8(7):CR488-CR92.
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Keikhaei B, Zandian K, Ghasemi A, Tabibi R. Irondeficiency anemia among children in southwest Iran. Food and nutrition bulletin. 2007;28(4):406-11.
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Kadivar MR, Yarmohammadi H, Mirahmadizadeh AR, Vakili M, Karimi M. Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in 6 months to 5 years old children in Fars, Southern Iran. Medical Science Monitor. 2003;9(2):CR100-CR4.
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22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Health Effects of Long-term Occupational Exposure to Whole Body Vibration: A Study on Drivers of Heavy Motor Vehicles in Iran
Background: Drivers of heavy motor vehicles are occupationally exposed to intense whole body vibration (WBV) for several hours per day over their working lifetime. Therefore, they are at risk of WBV-induced occupational disorders. This study aimed to investigate health effects of long-term exposure to whole body vibration among a group of heavy vehicle drivers in Fars province, southwestern Iran. Methods: Data on vibration-induced health effects were gathered through a checklist specifically devised for this purpose, interview and medical records of 155 male heavy vehicle drivers as well as 70 referent subjects. Signs and symptoms were classified into 6 categories of neuropsychological, gastrointestinal, ocular, auditory and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Results: Symptoms such as neuropsychological, musculoskeletal, metabolic, visual and hearing disorders were significantly more prevalent among drivers than in referent individuals. Additionally, logistic regression analysis revealed that there were statistically significant associations between exposure to WBV and several outcomes. Conclusion: Findings of the study indicate that longterm occupational exposure to WBV is a risk factor for neuropsychological, musculoskeletal, metabolic, visual and hearing disorders.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42806_3fe486f067a582962830dec770e63963.pdf
2016-04-27
76
82
Health effects
Occupational Exposure
Whole body vibration
Masuod
Neghab
1
Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Abbasali
Kasaeinasab
peymankasaei968@gmail.com
2
Student’s Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yadollah
Yousefi
3
Student’s Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Jafar
Hassanzadeh
jhasanzad@sums.ac.ir
4
Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Sarreshtedar
5
Occupational Medicine Specialist, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Negar
Alighanbari
6
Student’s Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
References
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Morris J, Kagan A, Pattison D, Gardner MJ, Raffle P. Incidence and prediction of ischaemic heart-disease in London busmen. Lancet 1966; 288(7463): 553-9.
31
Vukas M, Malek I, Hjalmarson A. Myocardial depressant effect of vibrations in the isolated rabbit heart. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1978; 38(5): 421-4.
32
Futatsuka M, Maeda S, Inaoka T, Nagano M, Shono M, Miyakita T. Whole-body vibration and health effects in the agricultural machinery drivers. Ind Health 1998; 36(2): 127-32.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Removal of Chromium and Cadmium from Wastewater in Waste Stabilization Ponds, Yazd-Iran
Background: Heavy metals have destructive and irreversible effects on the human, plants and animals. Some industries in Yazd enter industrial wastewater to municipal wastewater collection system. This can lead to high levels of heavy metals in wastewater and in turn in the wastewater treatment plant effluent. Methods: This study was carried out during four months from December 22, 2009 to May 20, 2010. The experiment was performed on the inflow, outlet of anaerobic pond and first and second facultative ponds of wastewater treatment plant and then transferred to the laboratory and measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: The results of the experiments showed that the average cadmium concentrations in the inflow, anaerobic pond outlet, and first and second facultative pond outlet were 0.0066, 0.0087, 0.0076, and 0.0083μg/l, respectively. The average amounts of chromium in the inflow, anaerobic pond outlet, and first and second facultative pond outlet were 0.0076, 0.0065, 0.0043, and 0.0056 μg/l, respectively. Cadmium concentration in the effluent was higher than standard. Conclusion: The comparison of the obtained data with Iranian standards for wastewater treatment for reuse in irrigation shows that the cadmium concentration exceeded the standard and the chromium concentration was lower than the standard. Therefore, it is not suitable for reuse in the crop farms and aquatic life.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42807_7f8103609af44a294d1ae31194be5f37.pdf
2016-04-27
83
88
Keywords: Heavy metals
Stabilization ponds
Yazd
Cadmium
Chromium
Mohammad Reza
Samaei
mrsamaei@sums.ac.ir
1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad hasan
Ehrampoush
2
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;
AUTHOR
Hoshang
Maleknia
maleknia90@yahoo.com
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Zahra
Elhamiyan
z.elhamiyan@gmail.com
4
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Shahsavani
5
Research Center for Social Determinations of Health, School of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
AUTHOR
Asghar
Ebrahimi
6
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran;
AUTHOR
Kayombo S, Mbwette TSA, Katima JHY, Ladegaard N, Jørgensen SE. Waste Stabilization Ponds And Constructed Wetlands Design Manual, UNEP-IETC/ Danida, Dar es Salaam, TZ/Copenhagen, DK, 2004.
1
Farzadkia M. Application of High Rate Stabilization Ponds for Treatment of Kermanshah City Slaughterhouse. J Water and Wastewater 2004; 15(51): 10-5 [Persian].
2
Kansal BD. Effects of domestic and industrial effluents on agricultural productivity. In: Dhaliwal, GS, Kansal, BD. [Eds.], Management of Agricultural Pollution in India. Commonwealth publishing Co, New Delhi, India 1994.
3
United Nations Environment Programme. Water And Wastewater Reuse, United Nations Environment Programme and Global Environment Centre Foundation, http://www.unep.or.jp/ .2005
4
Bansal OP. Heavy metal pollution of soils and plants due to wastewater irrigation. J Environ Health 1998; 40: 51-2.
5
Aleem A, Isar J, Malik A. Impact of long-term application of industrial wastewater on the emergence of resistance traits in Azotobacter chroococcum isolated from rhizospheric soil. Bioresour Technol 2003; 86: 7-13.
6
WHO and UNEP. WHO guidelines for the Safe use of wastewater, Excreta and greywater, volume II, Wastewater use in agriculture 2006.
7
Peavy, Howard S, Donald R Rowe, George Tchobanoglous, Environmental Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1985.
8
Muller, Karl Robert, Chemical waste:handling & treatment, Springer-Verlag, 1986.
9
Skirdmore, JF, Firth IC. Acute Sensitivity of Selected Australian Freshwater Animals to Copper and Zinc. Paper No. 81, Australian Water Resources Council, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1983.
10
Eger P. Wetland Treatment for Trace Metal Removal from Mine Drainage: the Importance of Aerobic and Anarobic. Water Science and Technology 1994; 29(4).
11
Ehrampoush M H, S hahsavani E , S amaei M R, Ebrahimi A, Ghelman V, Salehi A, et al. Phosphorus Modeling in Yazd Facultative Pond. Tolooe Behdasht 2011; 32: 11-24 [Persian].
12
Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia, Dinesh G. Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98: 2243-57.
13
Nahid P, Moslehi P. The study and analysis of heavy metals in drinking water of Tehran at ppb level and methods of their elimination. Journal of Food Science 2008; 5(1).
14
Juanico M, Ravid R, Azov Y, Teltsch B. Removal of Trace metals from wastewater duringlong-term storage in seasonal reservoirs. Water Air Soil Pollut 1995; 82: 617-33.
15
Mehdinejad MH, Rajaei Q, Hasanpour M. Heavy Metals Concentration (Zinc, Lead, Chromium and Cadmium) in Water and Sediments of Gorgan Gulf and Estuarine Gorganroud River. Iran Journal of Health System Research 2012; 8(5): 746-56.
16
Mansouri B, Ebrahimpour M. Heavy metals characteristics of wastewater stabilization ponds. American-Euroasian J Agric Environ Sci 2011; 10(5): 763-8.
17
Nasr FA, Ashmawy A, Eltaweel G, Elshafai SA. Eltaweel G, Shafal S.A. el-waste stabilization ponds for wastewater treatment and reuse in Egypt. Environmental Sciences Division, Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Center, El-Behoos Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
18
Drora K, Aharoo A. The fate of heavy metals in wastewater stabilization ponds. Water Res 1987; 21(10): 1189-94.
19
Ebrahimi A, Ehrampoosh MH, Samaei MR, Shahsavani E, Hosseini E, Hashemi H. Survey on removal efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in Yazd stabilization pond. Int J Env Health Eng 2015; 4(10): 1-5.
20
Samaei MR, Hoseinshahi D, Rezaei Y, Maleknia H. Investigation of heavy metal elimination in Waste stabilization ponds in Yazd. National Conference of Iranian researches. Hamadan 2013 [Persian].
21
Ling TY, Lipan S, Singh H, performance of oxidation ponds in removing heavy metals from pig farm wastewater. Middle-east Journal of Scientific Research 2010; 5(3): 163-9.
22
Boopathy R. Factors limiting bioremediation technologies. Bioresour Technol 2000; 74: 63-7.
23
Tingting Dong, Liangrong Yang, Menghao Zhu, Zhini Liu, Xitong Sun, Jiemiao Yu, Huizhou Liu, 2015, Removal of cadmium(II) from wastewater with gas assisted magnetic separation. Chemical Engineering Journal 2015; 280: 426-32.
24
Vahid Dastjerdi M, Shanbezadeh S, Zahab Saniee A, Rozegar R. [2002]. Investigation of heavy metals concentration in water, soil and plants in Gavkhooni marsh in the years of 2002 and 2006. Journal of Health System Research 2010; 6: 829-36.
25
Shiklomanov, Igor A, World Water Resources and their Use a joint SHI/UNESCO product[online], UNESCO, International Hydrological Programme, Available from http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/index.shtml, 1999.
26
Samaei MR, Ebrahimy A, Ehrampoosh MH, Talebi P, Khalili MH, Morovati R. A Study of the Physical and Chemical Quality of Potable Water in Yazd. Tolooe Behdasht 2007; 2(20): 50-7 [Persian].
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of the Static Anthropometric Characteristics of Iranian Microscope Users Via Regression Model
Background: Anthropometry is a branch of Ergonomics that considers the measurement and description of the human body dimensions. Accordingly, equipment, environments, and workstations should be designed using user-centered design processes. Anthropometric dimensions differ considerably across gender, race, ethnicity and age, taking into account ergonomic and anthropometric principles. The aim of this study was to determine anthropometric characteristics of microscope users and provide a regression model for anthropometric dimensions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, anthropometric dimensions (18 dimensions) of the microscope users (N=174; 78 males and 96 females) in Shiraz were measured. Instruments included a Studio meter, 2 type calipers, adjustable seats, a 40-cm ruler, a tape measure, and scales. The study data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20. Results: The means of male and female microscope users’ age were 31.64±8.86 and 35±10.9 years, respectively and their height were 161.03±6.87cm and 174.81±5.45cm, respectively. The results showed that sitting and standing eye height and sitting horizontal range of accessibility had a significant correlation with stature. Conclusion: The established anthropometric database can be used as a source for designing workstations for working with microscopes in this group of users. The regression analysis showed that three dimensions, i.e. standing eye height, sitting eye height, and horizontal range of accessibility sitting had a significant correlation with stature. Therefore, given one’s stature, these dimensions can be obtained with less measurement.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42808_9d5dc6beee9fc88ca9538d474a43d0d3.pdf
2016-04-27
89
94
Ergonomics
Microscope users
Anthropometry
Toktam
Balandeh
haveltb80@yahoo.com
1
Department of Ergonomics, Faculty
of Health, Shiraz University of Medical
Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Mohsen
razeghi
razeghm@sums.ac.ir
2
Department of Ergonomics, Faculty
of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Zamanian
zamanianz@sums.ac.ir
3
Department of Ergonomics, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pheasant S, Haslegrave CM. Bodyspace: Anthropometry, ergonomics and the design of work: CRC Press; 2005.
1
Hanson L, Sperling L, Gard G, Ipsen S, Vergara CO. Swedish anthropometrics for product and workplace design. Appl Ergon 2009; 40(4): 797-806.
2
Chuan TK, Hartono M, Kumar N. Anthropometry of the Singaporean and Indonesian populations. Int J Ind Ergon 2010; 40(6): 757-66.
3
Garcia-Caceres RG, Felknor S, Cordoba JE, Caballero JP, Barrero LH. Hand anthropometry of the Colombian floriculture workers of the Bogota plateau. Int J Ind Ergon 2012; 42(2): 183-98.
4
Zamanian Z, Salimian Z, Daneshmandi H, AliMohammadi Y. The REBA Technique Ergonomic Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Level among Midwives of Shiraz State Hospitals. Journal of Urmia Nursing And Midwifery Faculty 2014; 12(1): 1-7.
5
Zamanian Z, Gharepoor S, Dehghani M. Effects of electromagnetic fields on mental health of the staff employed in gas power plants, Shiraz, 2009. Pak J Biol Sci 2010; 13(19): 956-60.
6
Phisant E. Human, anthropometry, ergonomics and design. Trans Choobineh AR, Mououdi MA 3rd ed Tehran: Maad Press. 2012: 11.
7
Akhlaghi M, Hajibeygi M, Zamani N, Moradi B. Estimation of stature from upper limb anthropometry in Iranian population. J Forensic Leg Med 2012; 19(5): 280-4.
8
Krishan K, Kanchan T, Sharma A. Multiplication factor versus regression analysis in stature estimation from hand and foot dimensions. J Forensic Leg Med 2012; 19(4): 211-4.
9
Krishan K, Kanchan T, DiMaggio JA. A study of limb asymmetry and its effect on estimation of stature in forensic case work. Forensic Sci Int 2010; 200(1): 181. e1-. e5.
10
Raxter MH, Auerbach BM, Ruff CB. Revision of the Fully technique for estimating statures. Am J Phys Anthropol 2006; 130(3): 374-84.
11
Pelin C, ZaÄyapan R, Yazıcı C, KürkçüoÄlu A. Body height estimation from head and face dimensions: a different method. J Forensic Sci 2010; 55(5): 1326-30.
12
Agnihotri AK, Agnihotri S, Jeebun N, Googoolye K. Prediction of stature using hand dimensions. J Forensic Leg Med 2008; 15(8): 479-82.
13
Zamanian Z, Mohammadi H, Rezaeeyani MT,Dehghani M. An investigation of shift work disorders in security personnel of 3 hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 2009. Iran Occupational Health 2012; 9(1): 52-7.
14
Arghavani F, Zamanian Z, Ghanbary A, Hassanzadeh J. Investigation of the Relationship Between Carrying School Bags (Handbags and Backpacks) and the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pains among 12-15 Year Old Students in Shiraz. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 17(4): 550-4.
15
Menezes RG, Kanchan T, Kumar GP, Rao PJ, Lobo SW, Uysal S, et al. Stature estimation from the length of the sternum in South Indian males: a preliminary study. J Forensic Leg Med 2009; 16(8): 441-3.
16
Westgaard R, Aarås A. Postural muscle strain as a causal factor in the development of musculo-skeletal illnesses. Appl Ergon 1984; 15(3): 162-74.
17
Snook SH. The design of manual handling tasks. Ergonomics 1978; 21(12): 963-85.
18
Dewangan K, Owary C, Datta R. Anthropometric data of female farm workers from north eastern India and design of hand tools of the hilly region. Int J Ind Ergon 2008; 38(1): 90-100.
19
Grimes P, Legg S. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in school students as a risk factor for adult MSD: a review of the multiple factors affecting posture, comfort and health in classroom environments. Journal of the Human-Environmental System 2004; 7(1): 1-9.
20
Trevelyan FC, Legg SJ. The prevalence and characteristics of back pain among school children in New Zealand. Ergonomics 2010; 53(12): 1455-60.
21
Haile EL, Taye B, Hussen F. Ergonomic workstations and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the clinical laboratory. Lab Medicine 2012; 43(Supplement 2): e11-e9.
22
Lin Y-C, Wang M-JJ, Wang EM. The comparisons of anthropometric characteristics among four peoples in East Asia. Appl Ergon 2004; 35(2): 173-8.
23
Del Prado-Lu JL. Anthropometric measurement of Filipino manufacturing workers. Int J Ind Ergon 2007; 37(6): 497-503.
24
Ali Ä°, Arslan N. Estimated anthropometric measurements of Turkish adults and effects of age and geographical regions. Int J Ind Ergon 2009; 39(5): 860-5.
25
Karmegam K, Sapuan S, Ismail MY, Ismail N, Bahri MS, Shuib S, et al. Anthropometric study among adults of different ethnicity in Malaysia. International Journal of Physical Sciences 2011; 6(4): 777-88.
26
Sadeghi F, Mazloumi A, Kazemi Z. An anthropometric data bank for the Iranian working population with ethnic diversity. Appl Ergon 2015; 48: 95-103.
27
Phisant E. Human, anthropometry, ergonomics and design. Trans Choobineh AR, Mououdi MA 3rd ed Tehran: Maad Press. 2012: 105 - 12.
28
Abedini R, Choobineh AR, Soltanzadeh A, Hoseinzadeh K, Hassani F, Amiri N. Measurement of Static Anthropometric Dimensions and Determination of Regression Equations in a Student Population. Journal of Health System Research 2012; 8(4).
29
Habibi E, Sadeghi N, Mansouri F, Sadeghi M, Ranjbar M. Comparison of Iranian studentâs anthropometric information and American and English standards. Journal of Jahrom University Of Medical Sciences 2012; 10: 22-30.
30
Mououdi M. The determination of static anthropometry characteristics for designing and evaluating the comfort of saddle chair. Iran Occupational Health. 2012-2013; 1.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Surveillance of Zoonotic Diseases in Marvdasht city, Fars Province
Background: Complete and fast diagnosis, registry and treatment programs are the main effective strategies for controlling infectious diseases. In addition, an organized and extended infectious disease surveillance system is crucial in designing and monitoring communicable diseases control programs. The quality of the surveillance system can be evaluated by several indices such as timeliness, completeness and sensitivity. This is an evaluation study to measure the mentioned indices for 3 zoonotic diseases (leishmaniasis, brucellosis and rabies) surveillance system. Methods: The indexes such as completeness, timeliness and sensitivity of surveillance system were measured using the data obtained from population based (door to door) interviews and recorded data obtained at each level of health and medical sectors or administrative centers within the diseases reporting system. Interviews were conducted for 5969 participants and the required information was obtained. Results: The total completeness, timeliness and sensitivity of case reporting for leishmaniasis were 26.9%, 103.2 days and 11.1%, respectively. These indexes forbrucellosiswere14.3 %, 58 days, 12.1% and those for suspected rabieswere100%, 83.4 days and 48.2%, respectively. Conclusion: It seems that so called immediate communicable diseases reporting system is not providing reliable, complete and timely information to the health authorities. Program monitoring and personnel training, especially physicians, are recommended to improve the quality of the surveillance system and the related indexes.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42809_e9119c04b0ea43b03674b4a4e2da0297.pdf
2016-04-30
95
102
Zoonotic diseases
Surveillance
Incidence
Mehdi
Nejat
1
Student Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Fararouei
fararooei@gmail.com
2
HIV/AIDs Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Tabatabaie
3
Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Parvin
Afsar Kazerooni
afsarkp@sums.ac.ir
4
HIV/AIDs Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Akbarpoor
5
Health Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Roksana
Estakhrian Haghighi
6
Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Chin J. Control Of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. Tehran: Pour Sina; 2000.
1
Communicable disease surveillance and response systems. Guide to monitoring and evaluating. Geneva: World Health Organization.2006. (Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ surveillance/WHO_CDS_EPR_LYO_2006_2.pdf. Accessed July 27, 2015.)
2
German RR, Lee LM, Horan JM, Milstein RL, Pertowski CA, Waller MN. Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems. MMWR 2001; 50(RR-13): 1-35.
3
Sickbert-Bennett EE, Weber DJ, Poole C, MacDonald PD, Maillard J-M. Completeness of communicable disease reporting, North Carolina, USA, 1995â1997 and 2000â2006. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17(1): 23.
4
Thiede H, Close NS, Koepsell J, Baer A, Duchin JS. Completeness of reporting of rabies postexposure prophylaxis in King County, Washington. J Public Health Manag Pract 2008; 14(5): 448-53.
5
Jelastopulu E, Merekoulias G, Alexopoulos E. Underreporting of communicable diseases in the prefecture of Achaia, western Greece, 1999â2004- missed opportunities for early intervention. Euro Surveill 2010; 15(21): 19579.
6
Durusoy R, Karababa AO. Completeness of hepatitis,
7
brucellosis, syphilis, measles and HIV/AIDS
8
surveillance in Izmir, Turkey. BMC Public Health
9
; 10(1): 71.
10
Protocol for the Assessment of National Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response Systems. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2001. (Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ surveillance/whocdscsrisr20012.pdf?ua=1. Accessed July 27, 2015.)
11
Fararouei M, Parisai Z, Farahmand M, Haghighi RE, Toori MA. Cancer incidence appears to be rising in a small province in Islamic Republic of Iran: a population-based cohort study. EMHJ 2015; 21(5).
12
Tabatabaee M, Zahraee M, Ahmadnia H, Ghotbi M, Rahimi F. Principles Of Disease Prevention and surveillance. 2th ed. Tehran: rouheghalam; 2006.
13
Fararouei M, Rezaee S, Shirazi AR, Naghmachi M, Shirazi KK, Jamshidi A, et al. National guidelines for outbreak investigation: an evaluation study. EMHJ 2013; 19(9).
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relationship between the Level of Religious Attitudes and Postpartum Blues among Pregnant Women
Postpartum blues, as a transient phenomenon of mood changes, generally begins 1 to 3 days after the child birth.1 This phenomenon is accompanied with symptoms such as unstable moods, ranging from euphoria to sadness, high sensitivity, crying for no reason, restlessness, poor concentration, anxiety, irritability, and anger.2 Prevalence of postpartum blues has been estimated 44.3% in Hong- Kong,3 31.3% in Nigeria,2 and 58% in India.4 In Iran, 22.3% of women suffer from weak postpartum blues, 10.8% have medium, and 21.1% suffer from severe postpartum blues.5 Interaction between different biological, psychological and social factors could affect the postpartum blues.6 Some researchers have indicated that there is a reverse relationship between religion related beliefs and spiritual attitudes, participation in religious activities and reduction of pregnancy and postpartum anxiety and depression.7 Also, according to another study, 57% of the doctors believe that praying could enhance the healing effect of treatment.8 However, some other studies reject this idea.9-10 In this cross-sectional study conducted in selected prenatal clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2013, 176 healthy pregnant women aged 18-35 years old participated. For assessment of postpartum blues, standard questionnaire of Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)11 and Religious Attitude Scale (RAS-R) containing 25 questions with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.954 in Iran were used.12
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42803_398bd3c31528a29344df3c5a9a57ec32.pdf
2016-04-30
103
104
Religious
Attitudes
Postpartum
Blues
Tahereh
Mokhtaryan
tmokhtaryan@gmail.com
1
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
AUTHOR
Fatima
Ghodrati
2
Department of Theology, Faculty of Humanities Science College, Yasouj university. Yasouj. Iran.
AUTHOR
Marzieh
Akbarzadeh
akbarzadehmarzieh@yahoo.com
3
Maternal–Fetal Medicine Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
Seyfried LS, Marcus SM. Postpartum mood disorders. Int Rev Psychiatry 2003; 15(3): 231â42.
2
Adewuya AO. The maternity blues in Western Nigerian women: Prevalence and risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193(4): 1522-5.
3
Hau FW1, Levy VA. The maternity blues and Hong Kong Chinese women: an exploratory study. J Affect Disord 2003; 75(2): 197-203.
4
Manjunath NG, Venkatesh G, Rajanna. Postpartum Blue is Common in Socially and Economically Insecure Mothers. Indian J Community Med 2011; 36(3): 231-3.
5
Akbarzadeh M. Sharif F, Zare N, Ghodrati F. Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum anxiety and sadness in women with high risk pregnancies. Journal of Family Research 2009; 5(1): 57-71.
6
Masmoudi J, Charfeddine F, Trabelsi S, Feki I, Ben Ayad B, Guermazi M, et al. [Postpartum depression: prevalence and risk factors. A prospective Study concerning 302 Tunisian parturients]. Tunis Med 2014; 92(10): 615-21.[Article in French]
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Mann J, Mckeow R, Bacon J, Vesselinov R, Bush F. Religiosty, Spirituality, and Depressive symptom in pregnant women. Int J Psychiatry Med 2007; 37(3): 301-13.
8
Coruhu BS, Angel H, Pugh M, Mulligan T. Does Religious Activity Health Outcomes ? A Critical Review of the Recent Literature Explorer 2005; 1(3): 186-91.
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Ik Park J, N Pyo Hong J, Park S, Je Cho M. The Relationship between Religion and Mental Disorders in a Korean Population -Published online 2012 January 11; 2012 ; 9(1): 29-35.
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Gupta S, Avasthi A, Kumar S. Relationship between religiosity and psychopathology in patients with depression. Indian J Psychiatry. 2011 ; 53(4): 330-5.
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Choi SK, Kim JJ, Park YG, Ko HS, Park IY, Shin JCH. The Simplified Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for Antenatal Depression: Is It a Valid Measure for Pre-Screening? College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9(1): 40-6.
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Ebrahimi A, Neshat Doost H, Kalantari M, Molavi H, Asadolahi GH. Factor structure, Reliability and Validity Religious Attitude Scale. Isfahan University 2008; 10(2): 107-16.
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Khodayari fard M, Shokoohi Yekta M, Ghobari Bonab B. Religious attitude scale preparation of students. J Psychology 2000; 15: 285-68.
14