ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence and risk factors of Low Birth Weight in Fars province, south of Iran, 2014
Background/Objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of low birth weight and its risk factors in Fars province, south of Iran, 2014.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected data of 3,600 neonates through multi-stage random sampling. At first, we divided the hospitals into two strata, private and public. Then by stratified random sampling, we selected the neonates from delivery list in each hospital. In univariate analysis, the variables in which the p-value was less than 0.2 were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis model for adjusting. Two-sided p values <0.05 were statistically considered significant.Result: The prevalence of low birth weight in Fars province was 8.7% (95% CI: 7.8% - 9.7%). In term birth, factors such as mother’s age > 35 years, multiple birth and duration < 24 months with previous pregnancy were risk factors of low birth weight (P <0 .05) and just the father’s literacy was a protective factor for low birth weight.Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight in Fars province was low in comparison to that of the world and other districts of Iran. But we should plan for reduction of low birth weight to achieve world health organization’s goal. Variables of pregnancy interval of less than 2 years, multiple births, mother’s age over 35 years and father’s level of education could predict low birth weight of the neonates.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42825_d0ac4f8c8b57ccfa4bd3e26bfbf3211e.pdf
2017-01-01
2
6
Low birth weight
prevalence
Risk factors, Iran
Alireza
Mirahmadizadeh
mirahmadia@sums.ac.ir
1
Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Soleimani
aslami_epid@yahoo.com
2
Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
AUTHOR
Fariba
Moradi
fmoradyir@yahoo.com
3
Office of Vice-Chancellor for Health Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Elham
Hesami
ehesami89@yahoo.com
4
MA in Midwifery Counseling, Family Health Unit, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Kasraeian
5
Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamed
Delam
hameddelam8@yahoo.com
6
Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khatun, S. and M. Rahman, Socio-economic determinants of low birth weight in Bangladesh: A multivariate approach. Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, 2008. 34(3): p. 81-86.
1
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Wardlaw, T.M., Low Birthweight: Country, regional and global estimates. 2004: UNICEF.
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8
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9
Moser, K., L. Li, and C. Power, Social inequalities in low birth weight in England and Wales: trends and implications for future population health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2003. 57(9): p. 687-691.
10
Nazari, F., et al., Prevalence and trends of low birth weight in Iran: A systematic review and. Journal of Shahid Beheshti School of Nursing & Midwifery, 2013. 22(79).
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Eiriksdottir, V.H., et al., Low birth weight, small for gestational age and preterm births before and after the economic collapse in Iceland: a population based cohort study. PloS one, 2013. 8(12): p. e80499.
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Goldenberg, R.L., et al., Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. The lancet, 2008. 371(9606): p. 75-84.
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Risnes, K.R., et al., Birthweight and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of epidemiology, 2011: p. dyq267.
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Villar, J., et al., Heterogeneity of perinatal outcomes in the preterm delivery syndrome. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2004. 104(1): p. 78-87.
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Goldenberg, R.L., et al., The preterm birth syndrome: issues to consider in creating a classification system. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2012. 206(2): p. 113-118.
16
Kramer, M.S., et al., Challenges in defining and classifying the preterm birth syndrome. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2012. 206(2): p. 108-112.
17
Organization, W.H., Guidelines on optimal feeding of low birth-weight infants in low-and middle-income countries. 2011: World Health Organization.
18
Lawn, J.E., et al., Every Newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival. The Lancet, 2014. 384(9938): p. 189-205.
19
Davoudi, N., et al., Prevalence and Related Factors of Low Birth Weight in Mashhad, Iran. Iranian Journal of NeonatologyIJN, 2012. 3(2): p. 69-76.
20
Golestan, M., S. Akhavan Karbasi, and R. Fallah, Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in Yazd, Iran. Singapore medical journal, 2011. 52(10): p. 730-733.
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Karimian, S., M. Mollamohammadi, and G.R. Jandaghi, Prevalence of low birth weight infants and its related factors in Qom delivery units, 2000. Feyz Journals of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 2003. 7(3).
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Roudbari, M., M. Yaghmaei, and M. Soheili, Prevalence and risk factors of low-birth-weight infants in Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2007. 13(4): p. 838-845.
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Tootoonchi, P., Low birth weight among newborn infants at Tehran hospitals. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 2007. 17(Suppl 2): p. 186-192.
24
Onyiriuka, A., Trends in incidence of delivery of low birth weight infants in Benin City, southern Nigeria. The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal, 2006. 13(3): p. 189-194.
25
Tema, T., Prevalence and determinants of low birth weight in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. East African medical journal, 2006. 83(7): p. 366.
26
Mahmoodi, z., et al., Low birth weight and its association factors in Iran: according world health organization model. Quarterly Journal of Rehabilitation, 2012. 13(2): p. 75-87.
27
Li, C. and F. Sung, Socio-economic inequalities in low-birth weight, full-term babies from singleton pregnancies in Taiwan. Public health, 2008. 122(3): p. 243-250.
28
Takimoto, H., et al., Increase in lowâbirthâweight infants in Japan and associated risk factors, 1980â2000. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2005. 31(4): p. 314-322.
29
Nobile, C.G., et al., Influence of maternal and social factors as predictors of low birth weight in Italy. BMC Public Health, 2007. 7(1): p. 192.
30
de Bernabe, J.V., et al., Risk factors for low birth weight: a review. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 2004. 116(1): p. 3-15.
31
Powers, W.F. and N.S. Wampler, Further defining the risks confronting twins. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1996. 175(6): p. 1522-1528.
32
Jafari, F., et al., Socio-economic and medical determinants of low birth weight in Iran: 20 years after establishment of a primary healthcare network. Public Health, 2010. 124(3): p. 153-158.
33
Rafati, S., et al., Maternal determinants of giving birth to low-birth-weight neonates. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 2005. 8(4): p. 277-281.
34
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35
FERRAZ, E.M., et al., Interpregnancy interval and low birth weight: findings from a case-control study. American journal of epidemiology, 1988. 128(5): p. 1111-1116.
36
Zhu, B.-P., et al., Effect of the interval between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes. New England journal of medicine, 1999. 340(8): p. 589-594.
37
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of fungal bioaerosols in Shiraz composting facilities during 2017
Background: Fungi are one of the pollutant emissions from the composting plants which change in variety during the composting process. They are predominant in stabilization stage.Methods: This study assessed the thermotolerant airborne fungi based on NIOSH 0800 on 200 ambient samples from four composting processes and outdoor spaces in a composting plant.Results: The concentration of fungi during shredding, separatingand screening washigher than 1000 CFU/m3. The level of fungi in all stages was higher than outdoor(p<0.001). The highest concentration was detected in shredding (6749±1347 CFU/m3) (p=0.007), and the lowest concentration was related to screening (113±32 CFU/m3) (p=0.013). The predominant species was varied during the stages. Yeast andA.niger were predominant species in shredding and separating.Conclusion:The results of this study showed that the concentration of airborne fungi was decreased during composting process. The effect of these aerosols on indoor air was more than that in the outdoor space and workers at this sitewere exposed to high levels of thermotolerantfungi.Therefore,air-condition, ventilation system and safety operations such as respiratory masks are essential. The results of this studycan be used inrisk assessment.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42826_02185bc80ac534c2f108e79793d0f100.pdf
2017-01-01
7
14
fungi
compost
Iran
Aspergillus
bioaerosol
fariba
abbasi
faabbasi@sums.ac.ir
1
MSc of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Reaz
Samaei
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
hossein
khodadadi
3
Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
ali
karimi
alikarimi@sums.ac.ir
4
Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
azadeh
binaee haghighi
5
Planning and DevelopmentDepartment, Solid Waste Management Organization, Shiraz Municipality, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
jamileh
ekhlasi
6
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
- Hashemi H., Safari M., Ebrahimi A., Samaei MR., Khodabakhshi A., Feasibility of large amounts biogas production from garbage bioliquid, International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management,2015; 3(3),147-50.
1
- Sykes P, Allen J A, Wildsmith J D, Jones KP. Workersâ exposure to dust, endotoxin and β-(1â3) glucan at four large-scale composting facilities. Waste Management 2011; 4: 23-30.
2
- Persoons RSM, Perdrix A, Parat S. Critical working tasks and determinants of exposure to bioaerosols and MVOC at composting facilities. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 2010; (213):338-47.
3
- Martı ´Nadal II, Schuhmacher M, Figueras M J,Domingo J L. Health risks of the occupational exposure to microbiological and chemical pollutants in a municipal waste organic fraction treatment plant. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009; (212): 661â9.
4
- Kummer V, Thiel, W R. Bioaerosols - sources and control measures. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2008; (211):299-307.
5
- Domingo J L, Nadal M. Domestic waste composting facilities: a review of human health risks. Environ Int 2009; (35): 382â389.
6
- Douwes JT P, Pearce N, Heederik D. Bioaerosol health effects and exposure assessment: Progress and prospects. AnnOccup Hyg 2003; (47):187â200.
7
- Schlünssen V MA, Skov S, Sigsgaard T. Does the use of biomasss affect respiratory symptoms or lung function among male Danish heat- and power plant workers? Occup Environ Med 2011; (68):467â73.
8
- Frankel M GB, Timm M, Gustavsen S, Hansen E W, Madsen A M. Seasonal Variations of Indoor Microbial Exposures and Their Relation to Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Air Exchange Rate. AEM Journal 2012;(18).
9
- Abbasi F, Samaei M R, Khodadadi H, Karimi A, Maleknia H. Effect of material recovery facility construction on the release of fungal bioaerosols: A case study in southern Iran. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin (FEB) 2016;5:1512-8.
10
- Kozajda A KJ, Sowiak M, Gutarowska B, Szadkowska-Stanczyk I. Assessment of exposure to fungal in the heavily contaminated work environment (a solid waste sorting plant) based on the ergosterol analysis. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2015;28(5):813-21.
11
- Inge M, Wouters SS, Douwes JE, Doekes G, Heederik D. Overview of Personal Occupational Exposure Levels to Inhalable Dust, Endotoxin, β-Glucan and Fungal Extracellular Polysaccharides in the Waste Management Chain. Ann Occup Hyg 2006;50(1):39â53.
12
- Samaei MR,Mortazavi SB, JonidiJafari A, BakhshiB.Isolation, biodegradation ability, and molecular detection of n-Hexadecane degrading bacteria from compost, 2ndInternational conference on environmental science and technology, 14â17 May 2014, Antalya / Turkey.
13
- Samaei MR, Mortazavi SB, Bakhshi B, Jonidi Jafari A. Isolation and molecular identification of n-dexadecan degrading bacteria from compost. Journal of microbial word 2014;6(417):320-327.
14
- Goff O, Le GJ-J, Milferstedt K, Bacheley H, SteyerNathalie Wery J-P. A new combination of microbial indicators for monitoring composting bioaerosols. Atmospheric Environment 2012;61:428-33.
15
- KhademiF., Samaei MR., Azizi K., Shahsavani A., Hashemi H., Iraji A., Miri A., Assessing Emissions of Volatile Organic Componds from Landfills Gas, Journal of health sciences and surveillance system, 2016;4(1):2-6.
16
- Ashley K, Fey OâConnor, NIOSH manual of analytical methods, 5th edition, National institute for occupational safety and health, 2016.
17
- Niazi S, Hassanvand M S, Mahvi A H, Nabizadeh R, Alimohammadi M, Nabavi S, Faridi S, Dehghani A, Hoseini M, Moradi-Joo M, Mokamel A, Kashani H, Yarali N, Yunesian M. Assessment of bioaerosol contamination (bacteria and fungi) in the largest urban wastewater treatment plant in the Middle East. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015.
18
- Korzenie W. Emission of bacteria and fungi in the air from wastewater treatment plants- a review. Front Biosci 2011a;3:393-407.
19
- Nob H W. Exposure to microofganisms during manual sorting of recyclable paper of different quality. Ann Agric Environ Med. 1997;4:129-35.
20
- Taha MP M, Drew G H, Tamer A, Hewings G, Jordinson G M, Longhurst P J, Pollard S J T. Improving bioaerosol exposure assessments of composting facilitiesâcomparative modelling of emissions from different compost ages and processing activities. Atmos Environ 2007;41 (21):4504â19.
21
- Tchobanoglous G. Handbook of Solid Waste Management. McGraw-Hill, New York; 2002.
22
- Sanchez-Monedero M A, Stentiford E I, Urpilainen S T. Bioaerosol generation at large-scale green waste composting plants. Journal of the Air & Waste Management 2005;55:612-8.
23
- Fracchia L, Pietronave S, Rinaldi M, Martinotti M G. The assessment of airborne bacterial contamination in three composting plants revealed site-related biological hazard and seasonal variations. J Appl Microbiol 2006;100 (5):973-84.
24
- Gajalakshmi S, Abbasi, S A. Solid waste management by composting: state of the art. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 2008;38:311-400.
25
- Byung Uk, Lee IGH, Lee D H, Chong E-S, Jung J H, Lee J H, Kim H J, Lee I-s. Bacterial Bioaerosol Concentration in Public Restroom Environments. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2012;12:251-5.
26
- Zeini F, Emami M. Comprehensivee Meedical Mycology. edition 4, editor. Teehran: University of tehran press; 2013. 54-67 p.
27
- HaSER report. Occupational and environmental exposure to bioaerosols from composts and potential health effects-a critical review of published data. London: 2003.
28
- Fischer G, Schwalbe R, Ostrowski R, Dott W. Airborne fungi and their secondary metabolites on working places in a compost facility. Mycoses 1998;41:383-8.
29
- Fischer G, Schwalbe R, Ostrowski R, Dott W. Exposure to airborne fungi, MVOC and mycotoxins in biowaste-handling facilities. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2000;203:97-104.
30
- Padma Srikanth SS, Steinberg R. Bioaerosols in indoor environment: composting, health effects and analysis, review article. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2008;26(4):302-12.
31
- Chang MW, Hung HF, Teng KS, Huang H,Chuang CY. Bioaerosols from a Food Waste Composting Plant Affect Human Airway Epithelial Cell Remodeling Genes . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2014;11:337-54.
32
- Chang W. Bioaerosols from a Food Waste Composting Plant Affect Ming Human Airway Epithelial Cell Remodeling Genes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2014;1660-4601.
33
- Gniadek A. Insight and Control of Infectious Disease in Global Scenario. InTech; 2012.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Comparison of Maternal and Child Health Indicators before and after the Family Physician Program in Shiraz, from 2001 to 2012
Abstract Introduction: One of the aims of the family physician program (FPP) is to improve the maternal and child health indicators. this study aimed to comparison maternal and child health indicators in Shiraz rural areas before and after implementation of FPP during 2001 to 2012.Methods: This applicable study was conducted in Shiraz in the south west of Iran in 2014. The child and maternal health indicators before (2001 to 2005) and after FPP (from 2006 to 2012) were gathered from the Health Center (Enghelab and Shohadaye Valfajr). The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire consisted of 20 maternal and child health indicators. Descriptive statistics was used and for analyzing the data, Excel and Stata software and comparisons of rates and joint point regression tests were employed.Results: the results showed that The FPP lead to decrease in stillbirth, infant mortality and child under one-year mortality in the rural area. Also all the vital horoscope indicator (mortality under one month, mortality under one year, the frequency of the infants under one year, the percentage of stillbirths, crude death percentage, crude birth percentage, general fertility percentage, total fertility percentage) have improved after FPP in Health Center rather than Enghelab Health Center .Conclusion: the maternal and child health indicators had improvement after FPP implementation. Therefore, it is recommended to continue the program.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42827_1bc7657aaa137d0c96d5109c6b9271ef.pdf
2017-01-01
15
21
Maternal and child health indicators
Rural health
Family physician
nasrin
shokrpour
shokrpourn@gmail.com
1
Dept. of English Language, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roxana
sharifian
2
Dept. of Health Information Management and Technology, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
mohaddese
ghanbari jahromi
3
BSc, student of Health services management, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,
AUTHOR
Mohammad
khammarnia
4
Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
aziz
kasani
5
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
AUTHOR
Chaman R, Amiri M, Raei M, Alinejad M, NasrollahpourShirvani SD. National Family Physician Program in Shahroud: Assessing Quality of Implementation and Condition of Settings. Hakim Research Journal 2011; 14(2): 123- 129.
1
HosseiniFaraji H. Performance evaluation of family physician program in Imam Khomeini's Relief Committee, Yazd province 2005: 24. Thesis [In Persian].
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Raeissi P, Ghorbani A, Tabarraie Y. Factors Determining Satisfaction with Family Practitioner Program from the Perspective of Rural Insurance Card holders affiliated with Sabzevar University of Medical of Sciences 2011.Journal of Health Management 2012; 15(49): 69-76.
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Creating Unity for Action, An Action Plan for Rural Health: World Organisation of Family Doctors (Wonca), Wonca Working Party on Rural Practice 2003. http://www.sbmfc.org.br/media/ file/GT Medicina Rural/action plan for rural health draft 2003. Pdf (accessed on 1 Jun 2013).
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Developing a model of proper governance for removing interaction barriers between universities of medical sciences andindustries
Background and goal: The interaction between university and industry, due to its highly constructive and positive effects on technical, economic and social changes, was traditionally at the center of policy makers’ and planners’ attention. The aim of the present study was to explain barriers and challenges existing in the interaction between medical sciences universities and industry.Method: This present descriptive-correlational study used measuring method fto investigate the interaction among Medical Sciences University (School of Public Health). 1468 individuals participated in this study. Using Morgan scale, 321 people were selected as the sample. Two questionnaires were prepared by the researcher. The proper governance questionnaire contains political, economic, social, legal and cultural dimensions composed of 69 questions. The barriers between university and industry questionnaire covering 3 dimensions of individual interaction barriers, organizational interaction barriers and environmental interaction barriers is composed of 40 questions. Data analysis was done using SPSS, version 21.Results: Based on factor analysis of the data, the main dimension of proper governance respectively was cultural factors and among various factors of barriers between university and industry, environmental interaction dimension was considered as the most important one. Moreover, the results showed that there was a direct and meaningful relationship between dimensions of proper governance and interaction between university and industry variable.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, considering culture and cultural differences can help improve the interaction between university and industry.Keywords: Medical Sciences University, interaction, industry, governance.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42828_6bcb4e6135130a88a386a5642df25635.pdf
2017-01-01
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31
Medical Sciences University
interaction
Industry
governance
shiva
madahian
alireza.manzari91@yahoo.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
alireza
manzari tavakoli
2
AUTHOR
sanjar
salajegheh
sanjarsalajeghe1@yahoo.com
3
AUTHOR
seyed morteza
seyed ahmadi
4
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diet Diversity Score may not be a Good Indicator of Healthy Diet
Background: The close relationship between diet and disease emphasizes the need for optimal diet evaluation. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency by which each of Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010, Diet Quality Index-International (DQI), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and Diet Diversity Score (DDS) evaluates the diet. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 438 adults aged 20-50 years were recruited. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. HEI-2010, DQI, MDS, and DDS were calculated and scored according to their corresponding criteria.Results: Energy (1917 ± 554 kcal to 2898 ± 933 kcal), saturated fats (17.0 ± 6.8 g to 28.1 ± 11.5 g), and cholesterol (244 ± 195 g to 414 ± 343 g) increased across tertiles of DDS and energy (2017 ± 699 kcal to 2621 ± 748 kcal) increased across tertiles of DQI. In contrast, saturated fats decreased (23.9 ± 12.0 g to 20.8 ± 8.1 g for HEI-2010 and 23.7 ± 10.0 g to 20.5 ± 10.4 g for MDS), but energy and cholesterol did not change significantly across tertiles of HEI-2010 and MDS. Other nutrients either did not change or changed appropriately across tertiles of the different indices.Conclusion: DDS and, to a less extent, DQI may not be good indicators of healthy diet especially in terms of obesity and cardiovascular diseases.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42829_11c689ce3fda5f2dc1f2cdafbcd7ba8b.pdf
2017-01-01
32
37
Healthy Eating Index
Diet Quality Index
Diet Diversity Score
Mediterranean diet
Masoumeh
Akhlaghi
msm.akhlaghi@gmail.com
1
Department of Community Nutrition, School of
Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of
Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
LEAD_AUTHOR
STEFFEN, L.M., VAN HORN, L., DAVIGLUS, M.L., ZHOU, X., REIS, J.P., LORIA, C.M., JACOBS, D.R., DUFFEY, K.J. (2014): A modified Mediterranean diet score is associated with a lower risk of incident metabolic syndrome over 25 years among young adults: the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. Br. J. Nutr., 112, 1654-61.
1
YANG, J., FARIOLI, A., KORRE, M., KALES, S.N. (2014): Modified Mediterranean diet score and cardiovascular risk in a North American working population. PLoS One, 9, e87539.
2
KIM, S., HAINES, P.S., SIEGA-RIZ, A.M., POPKIN, B.M. (2003): The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) provides an effective tool for cross-national comparison of diet quality as illustrated by China and the United States. J. Nutr., 133, 3476-84.
3
AZADBAKHT, L., MIRMIRAN, P., ESMAILLZADEH, A., AZIZI, F. (2006): Dietary diversity score and cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adults. Public Health Nutr., 9, 728-36.
4
JAYAWARDENA, R., BYRNE, N.M., SOARES, M.J., KATULANDA, P., YADAV, B., HILLS, A.P. (2013): High dietary diversity is associated with obesity in Sri Lankan adults: an evaluation of three dietary scores. BMC Public Health, 13, 314.
5
OTTO, M.C., PADHYE, N.S., BERTONI, A.G., JACOBS DR, J.R., MOZAFFARIAN, D. (2015): Everything in Moderation--Dietary Diversity and Quality, Central Obesity and Risk of Diabetes. PLoS One, 10, e0141341.
6
SARAF-BANK, S., HAGHIGHATDOOST, F., ESMAILLZADEH, A., LARIJANI, B., AZADBAKHT, L. (2016): Adherence to Healthy Eating Index-2010 is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its features among Iranian adult women. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.173. [Epub ahead of print]
7
ONVANI, S., HAGHIGHATDOOST, F., SURKAN, P.J., LARIJANI, B., AZADBAKHT, L. (2016): Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index and Alternative Healthy Eating Index dietary patterns and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12415. [Epub ahead of print]
8
LIVINGSTONE, K.M. & MCNAUGHTON, S.A. (2016): Diet quality is associated with obesity and hypertension in Australian adults: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 16, 1037.
9
MARK PARK, Y.M., FUNG, T.T., STECK, S.E., ZHANG, J., HAZLETT, L.J., HAN, K., LEE, S.H., MERCHANT, A.T. (2016): Diet Quality and Mortality Risk in Metabolically Obese Normal-Weight Adults. Mayo Clin. Proc., 91, 1372-83.
10
PANAGIOTAKOS, D.B., PITSAVOS, C. & STEFANADIS, C. (2006): Dietary patterns: a Mediterranean diet score and its relation to clinical and biological markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc .Dis., 16, 559-68.
11
AZADBAKHT, L., MIRMIRAN, P. & AZIZI, F. (2005): Dietary diversity score is favorably associated with the metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults. Int. J. Obes., 29, 1361-7.
12
CONKLIN, A.I., MONSIVAIS, P., KHAW, K.T., WAREHAM, N.J., FOROUHI, N.G. (2016): Dietary diversity, diet cost, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med., 13, e1002085.
13
RICKHAM, P.P. (1964): Human experimentation. Code of ethics of the world medical association. Declaration of Helsinki. Br. Med. J., 2, 177.
14
ESFAHANI, F.H., ASGHARI, G., MIRMIRAN, P., AZIZI, F. (2010): Reproducibility and relative validity of food group intake in a food frequency questionnaire developed for the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. J. Epidemiol., 20, 150-8.
15
GUENTHER, P.M., CASAVALE, K.O., REEDY, J., KIRKPATRICK, S.I., HIZA, H.A., KUCZYNSKI, K.J., KAHLE, L.L., KREBS-SMITH, S.M. (2013): Update of the Healthy Eating Index: HEI-2010. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet., 113, 569-80.
16
MADERUELO-FERNANDEZ, J.A., RECIO-RODRÃGUEZ, J.I., PATINO-ALONSO, M.C., PÃREZ-ARECHAEDERRA, D., RODRIGUEZ-SANCHEZ, E., GOMEZ-MARCOS, M.A., GARCÃA-ORTIZ, L. (2015): Effectiveness of interventions applicable to primary health care settings to promote Mediterranean diet or healthy eating adherence in adults: A systematic review. Prev. Med., 76, S39-55.
17
YE, X., SCOTT, T., GAO, X., MARAS, J.E., BAKUN, P.J., TUCKER, K.L. (2013): Mediterranean diet, Healthy Eating Index 2005, and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Puerto Rican adults. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet., 113, 276-81.
18
GESTEIRO, E., RODRÃGUEZ BERNAL, B., BASTIDA, S., SÃNCHEZ-MUNIZ, F.J. (2012): Maternal diets with low Healthy Eating Index or Mediterranean diet adherence scores are associated with high cord-blood insulin levels and insulin resistance markers at birth. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, 1008-15.
19
FUNK, L.M., JOLLES, S.A. & VOILS, C.I. (2016): Obesity as a disease: has the AMA resolution had an impact on how physicians view obesity? Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis., 12, 1431-1435.
20
HOOPER, L., MARTIN, N. & ABDELHAMID, A. (2015): Cochrane corner: what are the effects of reducing saturated fat intake on cardiovascular disease and mortality? Heart, 101, 1938-40.
21
BERGER, S., RAMAN, G., VISHWANATHAN, R., JACQUES, P.F., JOHNSON, E.J. (2015): Dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 102, 276-94.
22
RUEL, M.T. (2003): Operationalizing dietary diversity: a review of measurement issues and research priorities. J. Nutr., 133, 3911S-3926S.
23
AZADBAKHT, L. & ESMAILLZADEH, A. (2011): Dietary diversity score is related to obesity and abdominal adiposity among Iranian female youth. Public Health Nutr., 14, 62-9.
24
VADIVELOO, M.K. & PAREKH, N. (2015): Dietary variety: an overlooked strategy for obesity and chronic disease control. Am. J. Prev. Med., 49, 974-9.
25
JOHNSON, F. & WARDLE, J. (2014): Variety, palatability, and obesity. Adv. Nutr., 5, 851-9.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A survey of the safety conditions of student housings: A case study in a type one university in Shiraz, Iran
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the extent of implementation of safety measures in 14 student housings in one of the largest universities in Fars province, Shiraz, Iran.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 student housings of one of the largest universities, located in Shiraz, Iran. Audit checklists were completed and rated thought field inspection and interview. Safety Requirement Index (SRI) was then used to evaluate the safety of student housings. SRI was graded on five scales (0-19%: very poor (unsafe); 20-39%: poor (relatively unsafe); 40-59%: moderate; 60-79%: good (relatively safe): and 80-100%: excellent (safe). Results: The mean SRI score was 71.01±15.46%. The highest and lowest level of SRI was 94.11±6.60% for dimensions of public health (and 47.70±18.42% for elevator safety.Conclusion: None of the studied housings was completely safe in all dimensions. Most of the studied housings were categorized as safe in the dimensions of public health and ventilation and air-conditioning systems; relatively safe in the dimensions of electrical, building, fire and kitchen safety; and moderate in the elevator safety and emergency response. Establishment of safety management system is necessary to promote safety in the studied housings. The results of this study indicated the need to inform the authorities about the safety priorities in housings, to promote the safety conditions. The results could also be used to raise awareness regarding their role and responsibilities about the safety of housings.
https://jhsss.sums.ac.ir/article_42830_fd45862c14bf81b34079e68848bab4d4.pdf
2017-01-01
38
42
Housing
university
Safety
Mehdi
Jahangiri
ja_me59@yahoo.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Korosh
Azizi
2
AUTHOR
Parvaneh
yekzamani
3
AUTHOR
Seyedeh Fatemeh
Ahmadi
4
AUTHOR
Bahare
Mahmoudabadi
5
AUTHOR
Fariborz
Behbood
6
AUTHOR
Mahdieh
Delikhoon
mdelikhon@yahoo.com
7
Student Research Committee, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
(Corresponding Author) Address; Occupational Health Department, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, POBox: 71645-111, Shiraz, I.R.Iran, Tel: +987117251020, Fax: +987137251020, Email;
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Sanni-Anibire, M.O., Hassanain, M.A., 2015. An integrated fire safety assessment of a student housing facility. Struct. Surv. 33 (4/5), 354â371
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