Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Background: The main aspect of water purification to serve the human drinking purpose is the elimination of microbial agents and pathogens using the disinfectants. Although chemicals such as chlorine are the most common water disinfectants, the researchers have always sought to identify and introduce new disinfectants due to the formation of potentially carcinogenic byproducts. Owing to the high efficiency and lack of hazardous residues, nanoparticles have recently been used in many scientific activities.
Objectives: In this study conducted in summer 2018, the copper and silver nanoparticles were used to remove Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella from the synthetic and real samples.
Methods: This experimental study was performed on Nano particles and by adding nanoparticles to samples (real and synthetic), the efficiency of removal of E. coli and Klebsiella was measured by MPN and pure plate methods.
Results: By optimizing the conditions, in 200 ppm concentration as 2ml with pH=7, it has the highest removal rate of 99.25% for E. coli, and in 250ppm concentration as 1.5 ml with pH = 7, it has the removal rate of 81.25% for Klebsiella.
Conclusions: In this case study, we found that using Nano particles led to high level of efficiency at a short time; moreover, they were cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
Keywords
- Abu-Elala NM, AbuBakr HO, Khattab MS, Mohamed SH, El-Hady MA, Ghandour RA, Morsi RE. Aquatic environmental risk assessment of chitosan/silver, copper and carbon nanotube nanocomposites as antimicrobial agents. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2018 ;113:1105-15.
- Kazemi Noredinvand B, Takdastan A, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh R. Removal of organic matter from drinking water by single and dual media filtration: a comparative pilot study. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2016;57(44):20792-9.
- Orooji N, Takdastan A, Yengejeh RJ, Jorfi S, Davami AH. Photocatalytic degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using Fe 3 O 4@ TiO 2/Cu 2 O magnetic nanocomposite stabilized on granular activated carbon from aqueous solution. Research on Chemical Intermediates. 2020 Mar 20:1-25.
- Nakata K, Fujishima A. TiO2 photocatalysis: Design and applications. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews. 2012 Sep 1;13(3):169-89.
- Karimipour Z, Yengejeh RJ, Haghighatzadeh A, Mohammadi MK, Rouzbehani MM. UV-Induced Photodegradation of 2, 4, 6-Trichlorophenol Using Ag–Fe 2 O 3–CeO 2 Photocatalysts. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials. 2021 Jan 3:1-0.
- Jalilzadeh Yengejeh R, Morshedi J, Yazdizadeh R. The study and zoning of dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of Dez river by GIS software. Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater. 2014;1(1):23-7.
- Mehrdoost A, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh R, Mohammadi MK, Babaei AA, Haghighatzadeh A. Comparative Analysis of UV-assisted Removal of Azithromycin and Cefixime from Aqueous Solution Using PAC/Fe/Si/Zn Nanocomposite. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System. 2021 Jan 1;9(1):39-49.
- Yousefi, M., Rahmani, K., Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R., Sabzalipour, S. and Goudarzi, G., 2021. Green Synthesis of Zero Iron Nanoparticles and its Application in the Degradation of Metronidazole. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System, 9(1), pp.66-70.
- Thamilselvi V, Radha KV. Silver nanoparticle loaded corncob adsorbent for effluent treatment. Journal of environmental chemical engineering. 2017 Apr 1;5(2):1843-54.
- Darabdhara G, Boruah PK, Hussain N, Borthakur P, Sharma B, Sengupta P, Das MR. Magnetic nanoparticles towards efficient adsorption of gram positive and gram negative bacteria: an investigation of adsorption parameters and interaction mechanism. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2017;516:161-70.
- Liu C, Xie X, Zhao W, Liu N, Maraccini PA, Sassoubre LM, Boehm AB, Cui Y. Conducting nanosponge electroporation for affordable and high-efficiency disinfection of bacteria and viruses in water. Nano letters. 2013;13(9):4288-93.
- Santosham M, Chandran A, Fitzwater S, Fischer-Walker C, Baqui AH, Black R. Progress and barriers for the control of diarrhoeal disease. The Lancet. 2010;376(9734):63-7.
- Shokri R, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh R, Babaei AA, Derikvand E, Almasi A. Removal of azithromycin from wastewater using advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2) and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) by the response surface methodology (RSM). Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research. 2019;7(4):249-59.
- Suzuki T, Diyana Binti Jamil N, Niinae M. Removal of viable bacteria in lake water by denim filtration. Water and Environment Journal. 2014;28(4):572-6.
- Deng D, Zhang N, Mustapha A, Xu D, Wuliji T, Farley M, Yang J, Hua B, Liu F, Zheng G. Differentiating enteric Escherichia coli from environmental bacteria through the putative glucosyltransferase gene (ycjM). water research. 2014;61:224-31.
- Chung HJ, Reiner T, Budin G, Min C, Liong M, Issadore D, Lee H, Weissleder R. Ubiquitous detection of gram-positive bacteria with bioorthogonal magnetofluorescent nanoparticles. ACS nano. 2011 ;5(11):8834-41.
- Gopal K, Tripathy SS, Bersillon JL, Dubey SP. Chlorination byproducts, their toxicodynamics and removal from drinking water. Journal of hazardous materials. 2007;140(1-2):1-6.
- Kim SH, Lee HS, Ryu DS, Choi SJ, Lee DS. Antibacterial activity of silver-nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters. 2011;39(1):77-85.
- Gashtasbi F, Yengejeh RJ, Babaei AA. Adsorption of vancomycin antibiotic from aqueous solution using an activated carbon impregnated magnetite composite. Desalination and water treatment. 2017;88:286-97.
- Kalidindi SB, Jagirdar BR. Synthesis of Cu@ ZnO core− shell nanocomposite through digestive ripening of Cu and Zn nanoparticles. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2008;112(11):4042-8.
- Esteban-Tejeda L, Malpartida F, Esteban-Cubillo A, Pecharromán C, Moya JS. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of a soda-lime glass containing copper nanoparticles. Nanotechnology. 2009 ;20(50):505701.
- Dutta RK, Nenavathu BP, Gangishetty MK, Reddy AV. Studies on antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles by ROS induced lipid peroxidation. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2012 ;94:143-50.
- Tessier D, Radu I, Filteau M. Antimicrobial, nano-sized silver salt crystals encapsulated in a polymer coating. InTrends in Nanotechnology International Conference 2006.
- Shokri R, Yengejeh RJ, Babaei AA, Derikvand E, Almasi A. UV activation of hydrogen peroxide for removal of azithromycin antibiotic from aqueous solution: determination of optimum conditions by response surface methodology. Toxin Reviews. 2020: 39:3, 284-91.
- Babaei AA, Ghanbari F, Yengejeh RJ. Simultaneous use of iron and copper anodes in photoelectro-Fenton process: Concurrent removals of dye and cadmium. Water Science and Technology. 2017 ;75(7):1732-42.
- Shimabuku QL, Arakawa FS, Fernandes Silva M, Ferri Coldebella P, Ueda-Nakamura T, Fagundes-Klen MR, Bergamasco R. Water treatment with exceptional virus inactivation using activated carbon modified with silver (Ag) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. Environmental technology. 2017 ;38(16):2058-69.
- Rosbero TM, Camacho DH. Green preparation and characterization of tentacle-like silver/copper nanoparticles for catalytic degradation of toxic chlorpyrifos in water. Journal of environmental chemical engineering. 2017;5(3):2524-32.
- Morsi RE, Alsabagh AM, Nasr SA, Zaki MM. Multifunctional nanocomposites of chitosan, silver nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes for water treatment: antimicrobial characteristics. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2017;97:264-9.
- Dankovich TA, Smith JA. Incorporation of copper nanoparticles into paper for point-of-use water purification. Water research. 2014;63:245-51.
- Hsieh JH, Yeh TH, Li C, Chiu CH, Huang CT. Antibacterial properties of TaN–(Ag, Cu) nanocomposite thin films. Vacuum. 2013;87:160-3.
- Baird RB. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd. Water Environment Federation, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association; 2017.
- Yoon KY, Byeon JH, Park JH, Hwang J. Susceptibility constants of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to silver and copper nanoparticles. Science of the Total Environment. 2007;373(2-3):572-5.
- Yoon KY, Byeon JH, Park JH, Hwang J. Susceptibility constants of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to silver and copper nanoparticles. Science of the Total Environment. 2007;373(2-3):572-5.
)