Alireza Mirahmadizadeh; Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh; Fatemeh Rezaei; Mehdi Nejat; Haleh Ghaem; Jafar Hassanzadeh; Mohammadreza Karimi; Zohre Khodamoradi; Kimia Jokari; Leila Jahangiry
Abstract
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be transmitted through direct, indirect, or close contact with infected people by contaminated respiratory droplets or saliva. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the secondary ...
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Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be transmitted through direct, indirect, or close contact with infected people by contaminated respiratory droplets or saliva. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the secondary attack rate (SAR) in the cases’ close contact.Methods: A total of 431 confirmed COVID-19 patients were randomly selected using systematic random sampling from 15 May to 13 June 2020. The required data were extracted from the CORONALAB database of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Detection of COVID-19 was performed using Real- Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and nasopharyngeal swabs. SAR was also calculated for different groups.Results: Among the index cases, 64.27% were male, 24.80% were public sector employees, and 4.87% were admitted to the intensive care unit. In addition, most of them aged 30-39 years. The SAR was 11.56% (95% CI: 9.86% to 13.25%) in the close contacts. Accordingly, the highest SAR was observed among the friends, 19.05% (95% CI: 7.17% to 30.92%), followed by the spouses of COVID-19 cases, 16.67% (95% CI: 10.81% to 22.51%). Furthermore, diabetes (6.03%) and cardiovascular disease (5.1%) were the most common comorbidities among the index cases.Conclusion: The findings suggested that the SAR was relatively lower among the close contacts. Considering the familial and non-familial relationships between the index cases and their close contacts were the major causes of disease transmission. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct tracing for COVID-19 contacts in all cases with whom patients have had close contact.
Maryam Soltani; Ahmad Abdollahi; Majid Akrami; Jafar Hassanzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the major cause of abdominal pain which indicates urgent surgery. Commonly, it is diagnosed through clinical signs and symptoms and blood test. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of acute appendicitis diagnosis through signs and symptoms, Alvarado score ...
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Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the major cause of abdominal pain which indicates urgent surgery. Commonly, it is diagnosed through clinical signs and symptoms and blood test. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of acute appendicitis diagnosis through signs and symptoms, Alvarado score system, and ultrasonography method. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Medical profiles of 696 patients with abdominal pain suspected of acute appendicitis referred to Shahid Faghihi hospital were reviewed from June to October 2016. A checklist was used for data collection. The gold standard for diagnosis of acute appendicitis was patient’s pathology report. For signs and symptoms, Alvarado score system and ultrasonography method sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and the Youden’s index were calculated based on true positive and true negative values. Results: Among 696 patients suspected of acute appendicitis, 371 (53.3%) were men and 325 (46.7%) women. The mean age for women and men was 30.14+11.49 and 30.53+11.61 years, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for ultrasonography and Alvarado score system were 68.1% and 78.9%, 76.1%, and 59.9%, respectively. The areas under roc curve and the Youden’s index for ultrasonography and Alvarado score system were 0.73, 0.47, and 0.71, 0.55, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that ultrasonography and Alvarado score system were effective pre-surgical diagnostic tests for patients suspected of acute appendicitis.
Masuod Neghab; Abbasali Kasaeinasab; Yadollah Yousefi; Jafar Hassanzadeh; Hamidreza Sarreshtedar; Negar Alighanbari
Volume 4, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 76-82
Abstract
Background: Drivers of heavy motor vehicles are occupationally exposed to intense whole body vibration (WBV) for several hours per day over their working lifetime. Therefore, they are at risk of WBV-induced occupational disorders. This study aimed to investigate health effects of long-term exposure to ...
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Background: Drivers of heavy motor vehicles are occupationally exposed to intense whole body vibration (WBV) for several hours per day over their working lifetime. Therefore, they are at risk of WBV-induced occupational disorders. This study aimed to investigate health effects of long-term exposure to whole body vibration among a group of heavy vehicle drivers in Fars province, southwestern Iran. Methods: Data on vibration-induced health effects were gathered through a checklist specifically devised for this purpose, interview and medical records of 155 male heavy vehicle drivers as well as 70 referent subjects. Signs and symptoms were classified into 6 categories of neuropsychological, gastrointestinal, ocular, auditory and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Results: Symptoms such as neuropsychological, musculoskeletal, metabolic, visual and hearing disorders were significantly more prevalent among drivers than in referent individuals. Additionally, logistic regression analysis revealed that there were statistically significant associations between exposure to WBV and several outcomes. Conclusion: Findings of the study indicate that longterm occupational exposure to WBV is a risk factor for neuropsychological, musculoskeletal, metabolic, visual and hearing disorders.