Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System

Carbamate Insecticides Resistance Monitoring of Adult Male German Cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), in Southern Iran

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard 1
Mohammad Reza Fakoorziba 1
Kourosh Azizi 1
Mohsen Mohebbi-Nodezh 2

1 Department of Medical Entomology, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 2Student Research Committee,

2 Student Research Committee, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract
Background: The German cockroach, Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), has become resistant to many insecticides due to control failures in hospital and student dormitory settings of southern Iran. Objective: This study was thus designed to detect and monitor carbamate resistance in two strains of German cockroach using lethal dose bioassay methods. Methods: Wild dormitory (D) and hospital (H) strains were collected. Adult males were subjected to the jar exposure procedure. A range of concentrations based on the world health organization (WHO) standard concentration of carbamate insecticides (carbaryl, bendiocarb, propoxur) were used. For each insecticide, four to seven different concentrations leading to >0% and propoxur > bendiocarb. The ratio of LD50 in H strain to that of D strain for bendiocarb was about twice that of the other two insecticides indicating that German cockroaches were most susceptible to bendiocarb under both environments. Conclusion: It is concluded that excessive reliance on carbaryl in both D and H settings has led to resistance.

Keywords

Blattella germanica
Carbamate
Insecticide
  1. Askarian M, Vakili M, Kabir G. Hospital waste
  2. management status in university hospitals of
  3. the Fars province, Iran. Intl J Environ Health
  4. Res 2004; 14: 295–305.
  5. Fakoorziba MR, Eghbal F, Hassanzadeh
  6. J, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Cockroaches
  7. (Periplaneta americana and Blattella
  8. germanica) as potential vectors of the
  9. pathogenic bacteria found in nosocomial
  10. infections. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2010;
  11. : 521–528.
  12. Pai H-H, Wu S-C, Hsu E-L. Insecticide
  13. resistance in German cockroaches (Blattella
  14. germanica) from hospitals and households
  15. in Taiwan. Intl J Environ Health Res 2005;
  16. : 33-40.
  17. Service M. Medical Entomology for Students.
  18. th ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
  19. Press; 2012; 289 p.
  20. Van den Berg H, Zaim M, Yadav RS, Soares
  21. A, Ameneshewa B, Mnzawa A, et al. Global
  22. trends in the use of insecticides for vectorborne
  23. disease control. 2012; http://dx.doi.
  24. org/10.1289/ehp.1104340, Accessed on 31
  25. Jan 2012
  26. Hemingway J, Field L, Vontas J. An overview
  27. of insecticide resistance. Science 2002; 298:
  28. -97.
  29. Rozendaal JA. Vector Control: Methods for
  30. Use by Individuals and Communities. Geneva:
  31. World Health Organization; 1997; 298 p.
  32. Cochran DG. Cockroaches: Their Biology,
  33. Distribution and Control. Document WHO/
  34. CDS/WHOPES/99.3. Geneva: World Health
  35. Organization; 1999.
  36. Rust MK, Reierson DA, Zeichner BC.
  37. Relationship between insecticide resistance
  38. and performance in choice tests of fieldcollected
  39. German cockroaches (Dictyoptera:
  40. Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol 1993; 86:
  41. -1130.
  42. Holbrook GL, Roebuck J, Moore CB, Schal
  43. C. Prevalence and magnitude of insecticide
  44. resistance in the German cockroach
  45. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Proceed 3rd Intl
  46. Conf Urban Pests. Robinson WmH, Rettich
  47. F, Rambo GW (editors). 1999; p. 141-145.
  48. Valles SM, Koehler PG, Brenner RJ.
  49. Comparative insecticide susceptibility and
  50. detoxification enzyme activities among
  51. pestiferous Blattodea. Comp Biochem Phys
  52. (C) 1999; 124: 227-232.
  53. Hemingway J, Small GJ. Resistance
  54. mechanisms in cockroaches: the key to
  55. control strategies. Proceed 1st Intl Conf Urban
  56. Pests. Wildey KB, Robinson WmH (editors).
  57. ; p. 141-152.
  58. Diaz C, Enriquez D, Bisset JA. Status of
  59. resistance to insecticides in field strains of
  60. the Blattella germanica species (Dictyoptera:
  61. Blattellidae) from Pinar del Rio municipality.
  62. Rev Cubana Med Trop 2003; 55: 196-202.
  63. Agrawal VK, Tilak R, Dutta Gupta KK.
  64. Efficacy of synthetic pyrethroid and propoxur
  65. aerosol in the control of German cockroaches
  66. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in cookhouses. J
  67. Vect Borne Dis 2005; 42: 117-121.
  68. Agrawal VK, Agrawal A, Choudhary V, Singh
  69. R, Ahmed N, Sharma M, et al. Efficacy of
  70. imidacloprid and fipronil gels over synthetic
  71. pyrethroid and propoxur aerosols in control
  72. of German cockroaches (Dictyoptera:
  73. Blattellidae). J Vect Borne Dis 2010; 47: 39-44.
  74. Lee CY, Hemingway J, Yap HH, Chong NI.
  75. Biochemical characterization of insecticide
  76. resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella
  77. germanica, from Malaysia. Med Vet Entomol
  78. ; 14: 11-18.
  79. Chai R-Y, Lee C-Y. Insecticide resistance
  80. profiles and synergism in field populations
  81. of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera:
  82. Blattellidae) from Singapore. J Econ Entomol
  83. ; 103: 460-471.
  84. Qian K, Wei XQ, Zeng XP, Liu T, Gao
  85. XW. Stage-dependence tolerance of the
  86. German cockroach, Blattella germanica, for
  87. dichlorovos and propoxur. J Insect Sci 2010;
  88. : 201-210.
  89. Chang KS, Shin EH, Jung JS, Park C, Ahn Y-J.
  90. Monitoring for insecticide resistance in fieldcollected
  91. populations of Blattella germanica
  92. (Blatteria: Blattellidae). J Asia-Pac Entomol
  93. ; 13: 309-312.
  94. Limoee M, Enayati AA, Khassi K, Salimi
  95. M, Ladonni H. Insecticide resistance and
  96. synergism of three field-collected strains of
  97. the German cockroach, Blattella germanica,
  98. (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from hospitals
  99. in Kermanshah, Iran. Trop Biomed 2011; 28:
  100. -118.
  101. World Health Organization. Tentative
  102. instructions for determining the susceptibility
  103. or resistance of cockroaches to insecticides.
  104. Tech Rep Ser 1970; 443, Geneva: WHO,
  105. Annex 12. p. 130-133.
  106. Finney DJ. Probit Analysis. 3rd. ed. London:
  107. Cambridge University. 1972; 333 p.
  108. Moemenbellah-Fard MD, Saleh V, Banafshi O,
  109. Carbamate Resistance in German cockroach
  110. J Health Sci Surveillance Sys July 2013; Vol 1; No 1
  111. Dabaghmanesh T. Malaria elimination trend
  112. from a hypo-endemic unstable active focus in
  113. southern Iran: predisposing climatic factors.
  114. Pathog Glob Health 2012; 106: 358-365.
  115. Scharf ME, Bennett GW, Reid BL, Qui C.
  116. Comparisons of three insecticide resistance
  117. detection methods for the German cockroach
  118. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol
  119. ; 88: 536-542.
  120. Ladonni H. Evaluation of three methods for
  121. detecting permethrin resistance in adult and
  122. nymphal Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera:
  123. Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol 2001; 94:
  124. -697.
  125. Ahmad M, Arif MI, Ahmad Z. Resistance
  126. to carbamate insecticides in Helicoverpa
  127. armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in
  128. Pakistan. Crop Protect 2001; 20: 427-432.
  129. Timbrell JA. Principles of Biochemical
  130. Toxicology. 2nd. ed. London: Taylor & Francis;
  131. ; 415p.
  132. Siegfried BD, Scott JG. Mechanisms
  133. responsible for propoxur resistance in the
  134. German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.).
  135. Pestic Sci 1991; 33: 133-146.
  136. Alipour H, Ladonni H, Abaie MR,
  137. Moemenbellah-Fard MD, Fakoorziba MR.
  138. Laboratory efficacy tests of pyrethroid-treated
  139. bed nets on the malaria vector mosquito,
  140. Anopheles stephensi, in a baited excitorepellency
  141. chamber. Pak J Biol Sci 2006; 9:
  142. -1883.
  143. Fakoorziba MR, Eghbal F, Vijayan VA.
  144. Synergist efficacy of piperonyl butoxide with
  145. deltamethrin as pyrethroid insecticide on
  146. Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae)
  147. and other mosquito species. Environ Toxicol
  148. ; 24: 19-24.
  149. Lee CY, Lee LC, Ang BH, Chong NL.
  150. Insecticide resistance in Blattella germanica
  151. (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from hotels
  152. and restaurants in Malaysia. Robinson WH,
  153. Rettich F, Rambo GW (Editors) Proceed 3rd
  154. Intl Conf Urban Pests 1999; pp 171-181.
Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System
Volume 1, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
1
Summer 2013
Pages 41-47

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Guide for Reviewers

Contact Us

Forms