Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System

Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Anopheline Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Qaleh Ganj County, Southeast of Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Arsalan Amirkafi 1
Seyed Massoud Madjdzadeh 1
Mohammad Amin Gorouhi 2, 3
Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi 4
Ismaeil Alizadeh 2
Abbas Aghaei Afshar 3

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

2 Department of Vector Biology and Control, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

3 Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

4 Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30476/jhsss.2022.94326.1530
Abstract
Background: Malaria is the most important mosquito-borne disease in Iran in recent decades. This disease is endemic in the south to the southeastern Iran. Knowledge about larval habitats, species diversity, and distribution pattern of malaria vectors will help authorities in the appropriate management of this disease. Qaleh Ganj county is one of the main endemic areas for malaria in the south of Iran. Little information is available about the fauna of mosquitoes and their characteristics in this area.
Methods: This study aims to assess the fauna, larval habitats, species diversity, and distribution pattern of Anophelinae mosquitoes using the Geographic Information System (GIS) in Qaleh Ganj County, the southeast of Iran. The potential aquatic habitats for Anopheles larvae were selected based on the variety of topography and history of the malaria epidemic. The mosquito larvae were collected using dipping method from April to December 2018. Finally, the diversity, richness, and evenness indices were calculated.
Results: A total of 1042 larvae were found. The dominant species was Anopheles culicifacies s.l. Giles, 1901. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.76–1.54 between different collection sites, while the other indices showed the highest and lowest diversity, evenness, and richness of species in each area.
Conclusion: Due to the fact that some of the species in this region are species complexes, molecular studies are needed to find better information about the genetic diversity of these species which can be helpful for the malaria elimination program in Iran.

Keywords

Anopheles
Species composition
Malaria
Larval habitat
Iran
  1. World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2013. Geneva: WHO; 2013.
  2. World Health Organization. World Malaria Report 2019. Geneva: WHO; 2019.
  3. Gorouhi MA, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Enayati AA, Raeisi A, Abai MR, et al. Biochemical basis of cyfluthrin and DDT resistance in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in malarious area of Iran. J. Arthropod-Borne Dis.. 2018;12(3):310. doi: 10.18502/jad.v12i3.82. PMID: 30584554; PMCID:PMC6297723.
  4. Ramezankhani R, Kaveh F. Data and Statistics of Communicable Disease During 1385–1390. Andishmand Press, Tehran (In Persian). 2014.
  5. Service M. Mosquitoes (Culicidae). Medical insects and arachnids. 1993:120-240.
  6. Hanafi-Bojd AA, Azari-Hamidian S, Hassan V, Zabihollah C. Spatio—temporal distribution of malaria vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) across different climatic zones of Iran. Asian Pacific J. Trop. Med.. 2011;4(6):498-504. doi: 1016/S1995-7645(11)60134-X.
  7. Bruce-Chwatt LJ. Essential malariology: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd., 23 Bedford Square, London WC1B3HH.; 1980.
  8. Hanafi-Bojd A, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi M, Charrahy Z, Haghdoost A, Sedaghat M, et al. Larval habitats and biodiversity of Anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malarious area of southern Iran. J.Vector Born Dis.. 2012;49(2):91.
  9. Alkhayat FA, Ahmad AH, Rahim J, Dieng H, Ismail BA, Imran M, et al. Charaterization of mosquito larval habitats in Qatar. Saudi J. Biol. Sci.. 2020;27(9):2358-65. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.006.
  10. Ahmad M, Hassan V, Ali OM, Reza AM. Anopheline mosquitoes and their role for malaria transmission in an endemic area, southern Iran. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis.. 2011;1(3):209-11. doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(11)60030-3.
  11. Baseri H, Mousa KS, Yosafi S, Mohebali M, Hajaran H, Jedari M. Anthropophily of malaria vectors in Kahnouj District, south of Kerman, Iran. Iranian J Publ Health, 2005; 34, No. 2:27-35.
  12. Saberi N, Raeisi A, Gorouhi MA, Vatandoost H, Mashayekhi M, Nikpour F, Bozorg Omid F, Rahimi Foroushani A, Hanafi-Bojd AA. Current Situation of Malaria and Resistance of Main Vectors to WHO Recommended Insecticides in an Endemic Area, Southeastern Iran. J. Med. Entomol.. 2022;59(2):607–614. doi: 1093/jme/tjab214.
  13. Edalat H, Mahmoudi M, Sedaghat MM, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Kheirandish S. Ecology of Malaria Vectors in an Endemic Area, Southeast of Iran. Arthropod-Borne Dis.. 2020;14(4):325. doi: 10.18502/jad.v14i4.5270.
  14. Shahgudian ER. A key to the Anophelines of Iran. Acta Med Iran. 1960;3(3):38-48.
  15. Margalef R. Information theory in biology. General Systems Yearbook. 1958;3:36-71.
  16. Simpson EH. Measurement of diversity. Nature. 1949 Apr;163(4148):688.
  17. Shannon CE. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. tech. j. 1948 Jul;27(3):379-423.
  18. Pielou EC. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. J. Theor. Biol.. 1966 Dec 1;13:131-44.
  19. Hanafi-Bojd AA, Sedaghat MM, Vatandoost H, Azari-Hamidian S, Pakdad K. Predicting environmentally suitable areas for Anopheles superpictus Grassi (sl), Anopheles maculipennis Meigen (sl.) and Anopheles sacharovi Favre (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iran. Vectors.. 2018;11(1):1-12. doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2973-7.
  20. Manouchehri A, Rohani F. Notes on the ecology of Anopheles dthali Patton in southern Iran. Ann. trop. med. parasitol.. 1975;69(3):393-7. doi: 1080/00034983.1975.11687025.
  21. Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Vatandoost H, Zare M. Characterization of larval habitats for Anopheline mosquitoes in a malarious area under elimination program in the southeast of Iran. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed.. 2014;4(1):S73-S80. doi:10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C899.
  22. Vatandoost H, Shahi M, Hanafi-Bojd A, Abai M, Oshaghi M, Rafii F. Ecology of Anopheles dthali Patton in Bandar abbas district, Hormozgan province, southern Iran. J. Arthropod-Borne Dis. 2007;1(1):21-7.
  23. Barati M, Khoshdel A, Salahi-Moghaddam A. An overview and mapping of Anopheles in Iran. Paramedical Sciences and Military Health. 2015;10(1):9-16.
  24. Azari-Hamidian S. Checklist of Iranian mosquitoes (diptera: Culicidae). Vector Ecol. 2007;32(2):235-42.
  25. Manouchehri A, Zaim M, Emadi A. A review of malaria in Iran, 1975-90. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc.. 1992;8(4):381-5. PMID: 1474383
  26. Vatandoost H, Emami S, Oshaghi M, Abai M, Raeisi A, Piazzak N, et al. Ecology of malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies in a malarious area of Sistan va Baluchestan Province, south-east Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 2011;17(5):439-45.
  27. Zaim M, Subbarao S, Manouchehri A, Cochrane A. Role of Anopheles culicifacies sl and An pulcherrimus in malaria transmission in Ghassreghand (Baluchistan), Iran. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 1993;9(1):23-6. PMID: 8468570.
  28. Zaim M, Manouchehri A, Motabar M, Emadi A, Nazari M, Pakdad K, et al. Anopheles culicifacies in Baluchistan, Iran. Med. Vet. Entomol. 1995;9(2):181-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00176.x.
  29. Zahirnia A, Taherkhani H, Vatandoust H. Observation of Malaria Sporozoite in Anopheles culicifacies SL (Culicidae: Diptera) in Ghassreghand district, Sistan and Baluchistan province. Journal of Hakim. 2001; 4: 149-153
  30. Basseri H, Raeisi A, Ranjbar Khakha M, Pakarai A, Abdolghafar H. Seasonal abundance and host-feeding patterns of Anopheline vectors in malaria endemic area of Iran. J. Res.. 2010. doi:10.1155/2010/671291.
  31. Manouchehri A, Javadian E, Eshighy N, Motabar M. Ecology of Anopheles stephensi Liston in southern Iran. Trop Geogr Med. 1976;28(3):228-32.
  32. Vatandoost H, Oshaghi M, Abaie M, Shahi M, Yaaghoobi F, Baghaii M, et al. Bionomics of Anopheles stephensi Liston in the malarious area of Hormozgan province, southern Iran, 2002. Acta Trop. 2006;97(2):196-203. doi: 1016/j.actatropica.2005.11.002.
  33. Vatandoost H, Shahi H, Abai M, Hanafi-Bojd A, Oshaghi M, Zamani G. Larval habitats of main malaria vectors in Hormozgan province and their susceptibility to different larvicides. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004;35(2):22-5.
  34. Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Raeisi A, Abai MR, Nikpour F. Bioecology of dominant malaria vector, Anopheles superpictus sl (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iran. J. Arthropod-Borne Dis. 2018;12(3):196. PMID: 30584544; PMCID: PMC6297731.
  35. Oshaghi M, Yaghobi-Ershadi M, Shemshad K, Pedram M, Amani H. The Anopheles superpictus complex: introduction of. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2008;101(5):429-34. PMID: 19192616.
  36. Eshghi N, Motabar M, Javadian E, Manoutcheri A. Biological features of Anopheles fluviatilis and its role in the transmission of Malaria in Iran. geogr. med. 1976: 41-44.
  37. Majnounpoor M.R , Soleimani-Ahmadi M, F P-A-G. Study on fauna and status of dispersion of Anopheles mosquitoes in Sirik county in Hormozgan province in 2012. J Prevent Med 2015; 2(1): 29-35
  38. Amani H. Study on fauna and characteristics of breeding places of malaria vectors, and reasons of remaining malaria focus in Aligoodarz district. [MSPH dissertation]. Tehran, Iran. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (In Persian). 1998.
  39. Paksa A, Sedaghat MM, Vatandoost H, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Hazratian T, Sanei-Dehkordi A, Oshaghi MA. Biodiversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) with emphasis on potential arbovirus vectors in East Azerbaijan province, northwestern Ira J. Arthropod-Borne Dis.. 2019 Mar;13(1):62. doi: 10.18502/jad.v13i1.933; PMID: 31346536; PMCID: PMC6643009.
Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System
Volume 11, Issue 3
Summer 2023
Pages 464-471

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Guide for Reviewers

Contact Us

Forms