mahnaz mardani; Fateme gholaami; pouria rezapour; farzad ebrahimzadeh
Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, , Pages 71-75
Abstract
Backgrounds: Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in areas where there is a lack of iodine in drinking water, soil, and food. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of goiter among school children in the age group of 6-10 years in Khorramabad city. Also, the level ...
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Backgrounds: Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in areas where there is a lack of iodine in drinking water, soil, and food. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of goiter among school children in the age group of 6-10 years in Khorramabad city. Also, the level of urine iodine was evaluated. Methods: The study was conducted from January 2012 to January 2013 in 1125 school children of 6-10 years of age, attending all the schools of Khorramabad city. The subjects were selected through stratified, random, and cluster sampling methods. Their Goiter degrees were evaluated according to WHO classification. Excretory urine iodine was measured based on micrograms per deciliter. Furthermore, the digestion method was used for experimentation. Results: Out of the 1125 subjects, 866 (77%) had Goiter. 24.2% were diagnosed with Goiter 1a, 45.3% with goiter 1b, and 7.2% with type 2 Goiter. Regarding Goiter, there was no difference between the two sexes. The prevalence of goiter increased with age, but it decreased with the increase of parental educational level. Also, goiter prevalence was lower in families with a higher socioeconomic status. The median urinary iodine was 17.1 micrograms per deciliter, which is desirable in terms of the WHO criterion. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that using iodizing edible salt to fight with iodine deficiency was effective and helped Khorramabad reach the International indexes of iodine control. Despite this, Khorramabad is one of the hyper- endemic regions in the world.
Mohammad Reza Samaei; Razieh Ashoori; Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor; Saeed Yousefinejad
Abstract
Background: Simultaneous existence of excessive amounts of fluoride and nitrate in drinking water can cause health problems for humans. In this study, simultaneous removal of fluoride and nitrate from aqueous solutions was investigated using a combination of electroreduction and electrocoagulation processes ...
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Background: Simultaneous existence of excessive amounts of fluoride and nitrate in drinking water can cause health problems for humans. In this study, simultaneous removal of fluoride and nitrate from aqueous solutions was investigated using a combination of electroreduction and electrocoagulation processes in a batch reactor with different electrodes. Methods: In this study, at first, an optimum electrode was selected. Afterward, the effects of different operating parameters such as the current density (12- 36 mA/cm2), initial pH (5.5-8.5), NaCl concentration (0.5-1.5gr/L), and electrolysis time (15-120 min), ) on the removal of fluoride (initial concentration: 6 mg/L) and nitrate (initial concentration: 150 mg/) were evaluated, respectively. Results: The highest efficiency of the concurrent fluoride and nitrate removal with Al-Cu electrode and in optimal experimental conditions of the current density of 36 mA/cm2, pH of 7, NaCl concentration of 1gr/L, and electrolysis time of 90 minutes was obtained 87.04 and 89.70%, respectively. Conclusion: High catalytic activity of the copper cathode resulted in better performance than other cathodes in the simultaneous removal of fluoride and nitrate. Generally, it can be concluded that the electrochemical process can reduce the levels of fluoride and nitrate to the amounts below the WHO standard limits, 1.5 mg/L and 50 mg/L, respectively.
Vahid Gharibi; Nafiseh Nasouhi; Mahshid Badrian; Mahdieh Nikoo; Mehdi Jahangiri
Abstract
Background: Teachers are prone to Voice Disorder (VD). The present study aims to investigate the onset of VD symptoms and their effects on the job performance of the elementary school teachers. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 121 male and female elementary ...
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Background: Teachers are prone to Voice Disorder (VD). The present study aims to investigate the onset of VD symptoms and their effects on the job performance of the elementary school teachers. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 121 male and female elementary school teachers in Mobarakeh County during the academic year 2018-2019. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. In doing so, the researchers talked to 10 people composed of qualified experts in occupational health, ergonomics, and health education and a number of teachers about how to design the questions as well as the answer scale for each section. Results: In the present study, the prevalence of VD was higher among female teachers (41%) compared to male ones (20%). That is to say, the prevalence of the VD symptoms in female teachers was more than twice that of the male teachers. The study results demonstrated a significant relationship between having a silent resting place and coughing (p=0.028). Accordingly, the prevalence of the symptoms of cough was significantly higher in the teachers who did not have a silent resting place in comparison to those who benefitted from a quiet resting place. Conclusion: Thus, it is recommended that safety, occupational health, and ergonomic programs should be designed for teachers at the Ministry of Education in collaboration with concerned specialists. Periodic examinations, identification of teachers with disorders, culturalization, and education are among the themes of these programs.
Masuod Neghab; Abbasali Kasaeinasab; Yadollah Yousefi; Jafar Hassanzadeh; Hamidreza Sarreshtedar; Negar Alighanbari
Volume 4, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 76-82
Abstract
Background: Drivers of heavy motor vehicles are occupationally exposed to intense whole body vibration (WBV) for several hours per day over their working lifetime. Therefore, they are at risk of WBV-induced occupational disorders. This study aimed to investigate health effects of long-term exposure to ...
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Background: Drivers of heavy motor vehicles are occupationally exposed to intense whole body vibration (WBV) for several hours per day over their working lifetime. Therefore, they are at risk of WBV-induced occupational disorders. This study aimed to investigate health effects of long-term exposure to whole body vibration among a group of heavy vehicle drivers in Fars province, southwestern Iran. Methods: Data on vibration-induced health effects were gathered through a checklist specifically devised for this purpose, interview and medical records of 155 male heavy vehicle drivers as well as 70 referent subjects. Signs and symptoms were classified into 6 categories of neuropsychological, gastrointestinal, ocular, auditory and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Results: Symptoms such as neuropsychological, musculoskeletal, metabolic, visual and hearing disorders were significantly more prevalent among drivers than in referent individuals. Additionally, logistic regression analysis revealed that there were statistically significant associations between exposure to WBV and several outcomes. Conclusion: Findings of the study indicate that longterm occupational exposure to WBV is a risk factor for neuropsychological, musculoskeletal, metabolic, visual and hearing disorders.
Mahin Nazari; Mohammad Reza Hosseini; Mohammad Hossein Kaveh
Volume 1, Issue 2 , October 2013, , Pages 83-88
Abstract
Background: Smoking is one of the preventable causes of diseases as well as early deaths all around the world. In addition, conducting educational interventions plays a major role in preventing adolescents from smoking. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention ...
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Background: Smoking is one of the preventable causes of diseases as well as early deaths all around the world. In addition, conducting educational interventions plays a major role in preventing adolescents from smoking. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventing Shirazi students from smoking.Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 154 male students of the 2nd grade of high school from Shiraz were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to a control and an experimental group. The study data were collected through a questionnaire including the demographic information, questions on knowledge, and questions based on the components of the theory of planned behavior. After the pre-test, the intervention group underwent the educational intervention and after 2 months, both groups took part in the post-test. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v.11.5) and analyzed through the non-parametric tests of Mann-Whitney, Fisher, and Chi- square as well as Linear Multiple Logistic Regression.Results: No significant difference was observed between the two groups’ mean scores before the intervention. After the intervention, the intervention group’s scores of knowledge, attitude, intention, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly increased.Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior was highly effective in reducing Shirazi high school students’ intention to smoke.
Masoud Neghab; Hamid Karimi; Sayed Hamidreza Tabatabaee; Esmaeel Soleimani; Abas Ali Kasaeinasab
Volume 2, Issue 3 , July 2014, , Pages 107-112
Abstract
Background: Noise is one of the most pervasive hazards in industrial settings. This retrospective study was carried out to assess the effects of noise exposure on hearing status, blood lipids and blood pressure of employees of a local fireclay mine.Methods: Two hundred and forty male workers were studied. ...
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Background: Noise is one of the most pervasive hazards in industrial settings. This retrospective study was carried out to assess the effects of noise exposure on hearing status, blood lipids and blood pressure of employees of a local fireclay mine.Methods: Two hundred and forty male workers were studied. Data on audiometric measurements, blood lipids and blood pressure were derived from the workers’ medical records and analyzed. Furthermore, area noise measurements were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Results: Workers were exposed to a mean noise level of 91±15 dB. The means of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were within the normal range for the first three years of the study. However, a slight, non-significant increase in TG level was noted in 2010. Most of the participants (63.6%) suffered from moderate hearing loss (HL). About 23.6% and 12.7% of the employees had developed severe and mild HL, respectively. A statistically significant difference was noted in the number of workers with high-frequency noise-induced HL. Furthermore, a statistically significant association was found between the mean of high frequency HL and log-transformed TG values in 2009 and 2010.Conclusions: High frequency HL could be used as a biomarker for identifying workers exposed to excessive noise levels. High frequency HL developed over a 4-year exposure to noise was associated with hyper triglyceridemia. Implementing a hearing conservation program seems to be mandatory to prevent further increases in the number of workers who are already in the severe HL group.
Alireza Mirahmadizadeh; Mitra Rahimi Haghighi; Pegah Shoa Hagighi; Abdolrasool Hemmati; Mohsen Moghadami
Volume 3, Issue 3 , July 2015, , Pages 107-112
Abstract
Background: The dependency ratio (DR) is defined as the ratio of the non-working population to the economically active population. Dependency ratio is calculated by the sum of population under fifteen years and over 65 years divided by 15-64 year old population. The interpretation of DR variation gives ...
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Background: The dependency ratio (DR) is defined as the ratio of the non-working population to the economically active population. Dependency ratio is calculated by the sum of population under fifteen years and over 65 years divided by 15-64 year old population. The interpretation of DR variation gives us the impact of health care services and some reproductive interventions. This study analyzed a 23-year DR trend in rural population of Fars province and the effect of some fertility variables on it. Methods: In this study, using data from vital horoscope and regression analysis, we analyzed a 23-year period of DR and some fertility indicators. Results: The total DR significantly declined from 102.5% in 1990 to 41.4% in 2012 (P<0.001). Most of this reduction is attributed to reduction in young DR. Old dependency ratio (population of 65 years and more) was significantly growing (P<0.035). Number of rural health house, family planning coverage, total fertility rate and general fertility rate was significantly associated with total dependency ratio (P<0.009). Conclusion: We passed the first stage of demographic transition, i.e. young dependency ratio declining. But the old dependency ratio slowly increased; it is recommended that the health care services should be promoted in future, especially services for old age people.
Hamed Delam; Kosar Zarebi; Esmaeil Kavi; Nasrin Shokrpour; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a multi-factorial phenomenon whose patterns can vary even from one place to another in one country; the purpose of this study was to determine the causes of suicide attempt in a 6-year period in Larestan County in the period between 2012 and 2017. Methods: The present study was ...
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Background: Suicide is a multi-factorial phenomenon whose patterns can vary even from one place to another in one country; the purpose of this study was to determine the causes of suicide attempt in a 6-year period in Larestan County in the period between 2012 and 2017. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study. In order to investigate the epidemiological condition of suicide attempters in Larestan, all files of suicide cases registered in the period between 2012 and 2017 in this city were investigated, and finally 723 cases were included in the study. For statistical analysis, independent t-test, chi-square and logistic regression models were used. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: Of the total 723 suicide attempts recorded in the health network of Larestan, the mean age at suicide attempt was 26.08 ± 7.88 years and 3.73% of them had died as a result of suicide attempt. Drug abuse and poisoning were the most common methods of suicidal attempt. Based on the regression model, Increase in age, male sex, and physical problems were the most important factors in predicting suicide death (P<0.05). Conclusion: Various factors including age, male gender and physical problems contribute to suicide and deaths associated with it; therefore, the implementation of educational and counseling programs for these individuals, especially in adolescence and youth, and people with physical and psychological problems is essential.
Marziyeh Ansari Shiri; mansooreh dehghani; Mohammad Reza Samaei
Volume 4, Issue 3 , July 2016, , Pages 121-128
Abstract
Background: Atrazine is a widely used herbicide. The increasing salinity of many water resources has had a negative effect on atrazine biodegradation. The aim of this study was to isolate atrazine degrading bacteria in semi-salinity media. Methods: Nine selected bacterial species were cultivated on ...
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Background: Atrazine is a widely used herbicide. The increasing salinity of many water resources has had a negative effect on atrazine biodegradation. The aim of this study was to isolate atrazine degrading bacteria in semi-salinity media. Methods: Nine selected bacterial species were cultivated on the mineral salt broth culture medium containing atrazine (50, 100, 500 mg/L), NaCl concentration (10 g/L), and 2% (wt/vol) agar. The bacteria with higher growths in the atrazine medium (500 mg/L) were selected. Then, those with higher growths were transferred to the medium with atrazine concentration of 1000 mg/L. The atrazine biodegradation rates by Ochrobactrum oryzae and consortium bacteria (all of the nine bacteria species) were compared by cultivating separately on the mineral salt broth containing atrazine concentration of 30 mg/l, and NaCl concentration of 10 g/L in the incubation time of 10 day and HPLC analysis. Results: The results indicated that Ochrobactrum oryzae had the highest growth compared to the other investigated bacteria (Acinetobacter radioresistens, Paenibacillus lautus, and Bacillus sp) in the mineral salt broth culture medium containing atrazine concentrations (1000 mg/L), NaCl (10 g/L), and 2% (wt/vol) agar. In the Ochrobactrum oryzae and bacterial consortium comparison, atrazine biodegradation rate in the culture medium containing NaCl, by Ochrobactrum oryzae, was higher than bacterial consortium and atrazine biodegradation rate in the culture medium with no NaCl addition, by Ochrobactrum oryzae, was lower than bacterial consortium. Conclusion: Based on the results, Ochrobactrum oryzae was significantly capable of atrazine biodegradation in the semisalinity aqueous environment.
Amir Reza Estakhrian Haghighi; Gholam Reza Oskrochi; Rogheyeh Eskrootchi; Ali Akbar Farhangi
Volume 5, Issue 3 , July 2017, , Pages 123-129
Abstract
Background: In the present era, Digital Media Content has played an effective role in the formation of socio-economic and social behaviors. The aim of this research was to investigate the views of media experts in different levels of this filed on factors that affect user-media relationship in the following ...
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Background: In the present era, Digital Media Content has played an effective role in the formation of socio-economic and social behaviors. The aim of this research was to investigate the views of media experts in different levels of this filed on factors that affect user-media relationship in the following domains: non-verbal communication, interaction with media audience, effect of media on various domains, attitudes of the audience toward electronic media, and audience’s priorities- economic aspects in Iran.Methods: A questionnaire was designed and validated by a pilot study and distributed to a sample of 40 experts and users of digital media on July, 2017. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22; the significance level was set to 5% in hypotheses testing.Results: The results show that the participants generally agreed on all statements regarding the study domains. However, the level of agreement to all domains was different among different groups of the respondents (mean=14.03 among media strategists as the lowest and mean=35.13 among media managers as the highest levels of agreement, P<0.001) and the domains of the study (mean=28.50 for the higher impact of traditional media and mean=22.50 for the effect of communication technology on increase of interaction between media and audience). Conclusion: The highest rate of agreement was reported for the domain “Traditional media have a higher impact on their audience than the new media, suggesting the importance of traditional media in public knowledge and behavior. However, there was significant difference in the experts’ opinions regarding each domain.
Mitra Heidarpour; Yalda Heshmati; Alireza Rahimi; Awat Feizi; Reza Rakhshan; Maryam Ghasemi
Abstract
Background: Thyroid neoplasia is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules has a low sensitivity in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. Evaluation of the rate of expression and diagnostic value of immunohistochemical biomarkers in ...
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Background: Thyroid neoplasia is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules has a low sensitivity in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. Evaluation of the rate of expression and diagnostic value of immunohistochemical biomarkers in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid lesions and different types of malignant lesions is the main purpose of this study.Methods: Sixty articles were reviewed in this systematic review and meta-analysis study. The rate of detection of various immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers in several thyroid lesions was examined by meta-analysis. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for each marker. The accuracy of each test was evaluated by calculating the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis was performed for three markers.Results: Sensitivity and specificity of CK-19, Gal-3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for detection of thyroid malignancies were 81% and 73%, 82% and 81%, and 77% and 83 %, respectively. The combination of these three markers showed the sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 97%, and diagnostic odds ratio of 95.1. Additionally, uPAR, Sialyl Lewis X, MIB-1, and Hector Battifora mesothelial-1. (HBME-1) can effectively differentiate the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) from follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) as they are significantly more common in FVPTCs (P<0.05).Conclusion: We showed that CK-19, Gal-3, and CEA had an important and statistically significant role in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. In addition, according to our results, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), Sialyl Lewis X, MIB-1, and HBME-1 can effectively differentiate FVPTC from FTC with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
Jeyran Ostovarfar; Maral Ostovarfar; Somayeh Zare; Leila Moradi; Elham Makiabadi; Abdolrahim Asadollahi
Abstract
Background: Continuous educational programs are one of the essential ways to promote human resources; inconsistency of the courses with individual and organizational needs may lead to organizational dissatisfaction, job performance reduction, and time and capital waste. The study aimed to evaluate the ...
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Background: Continuous educational programs are one of the essential ways to promote human resources; inconsistency of the courses with individual and organizational needs may lead to organizational dissatisfaction, job performance reduction, and time and capital waste. The study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of the employees about in-service continuous educational programs; they participated in the above-mentioned programs in the continuous educational units from 2006 to 2017 in Ahwaz city, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the treatment and administrative employees in the hospital participated in the educational plans. Out of 548 employees, 225 were selected using the ratio-random sampling method in the late 2017. The study instrument was a validated questionnaire with 66 items and 5 scales of adaptation, efficient management, individual development, growth of attitudes, employees’ knowledge and skills, and managers’ support for implementing operational programs; its validity was measured using Cronbach’s Alpha (α=0.93). The collected data were analysed in SPSS V.23 using descriptive statistics, mean scores, SD, χ2 test, ANOVA, and t-test. Results: Based on the study findings, the participants maintained that management of continuing education courses was useful and beneficial, and there was a statistically significant difference between the main variables and the total score (ρ<0.001). The Eta square showed that literacy (ɳ2=0.224, R2=0.462) and gender (ɳ2=0.205, R2=0.345) had less efficiency, and occupation (ɳ2=.581, R2=.219) significantly affected continuous education programs (ρ<0.01). Conclusion: It is suggested that cognitive dimension and occupation should be considered in implementing continuous education programs. Additionally, educational content should be updated
Amir Hossein Baghaie; Raheleh Mirzaee
Abstract
Introduction: In order to optimize the use of industrial wastewater, proper management practices should be applied for wastewater treatment. Thus, this study was done to evaluate the effect of iron slag enriched cow manure, zeolite and pumice on the sunflower Pb concentration in a soil irrigated with ...
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Introduction: In order to optimize the use of industrial wastewater, proper management practices should be applied for wastewater treatment. Thus, this study was done to evaluate the effect of iron slag enriched cow manure, zeolite and pumice on the sunflower Pb concentration in a soil irrigated with wastewater of battery factory. Methods: In this descriptive study, treatments consisted of applying iron slag (0, 1 and 2 % (W/W)) enriched cow manure at the rates of 0 and 30 t/ha, using zeolite (0 and 2 % (W/W)) and pumice (0 and 8 % (W/W), and sunflower irrigation with the wastewater of battery factory mixed with well water with the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 (water/wastewater). After 60 days, the plant was harvested and the concentration of Pb and Fe was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The SOD enzyme activity was also determined. Results: Application of 2% zeolite and 8% (W/W) pumice significantly decreased the Pb concentration of the soil irrigated with the wastewater at the ratio of 2:1 (wastewater/water) by 8.1%, respectively. The plant Pb concentration was also increased by 11.2 and 13.3%, respectively. The SOD enzyme activity showed a similar trend with the plant Pb concentration. Enrichment of cow manure with iron slag significantly decreased the Pb concentration of the plant that was irrigated with the wastewater at the ratio of 2:1 (wastewater/water) by 11.3% Conclusion: Iron slag enriched cow manure, pumice and zeolite significantly decreased the soil and plant Pb concentration of the soil and plant that was irrigated with wastewater.
Zohreh Mazloom; Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh; Mahsa Moazen; Sara Bagheri
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, , Pages 146-152
Abstract
Background: Use of glucosamine as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis is becoming more frequent, including in those who have diabetes at the same time. The results from in vitro and animal studies propose that glucosamine may inversely affect glucose metabolism. However, the recommended dose ...
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Background: Use of glucosamine as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis is becoming more frequent, including in those who have diabetes at the same time. The results from in vitro and animal studies propose that glucosamine may inversely affect glucose metabolism. However, the recommended dose of oral glucosamine in healthy people or diabetics did not have such effects consistently. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of glucosamine on glycemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Fifty-four patients with type 2 diabetes participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The participants were assigned to receive 1500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride or placebo for 12 weeks. After determining their baseline characteristics, body mass index and dietary intake components, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were measured at weeks of 0, 8, and 12. Indices of insulin function including quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated by specific formulas. Independent t-test and general linear model repeated measures were used to analyze the data. Results: In the glucosamine group, the means of fasting blood glucose and insulin were 107.31±24.07 mg/dl and 8.75±4.37 μu/ ml, respectively at baseline, which reached 112.38±31.50 and 9.10±4.17 at week 12. In the placebo group, the mean for fasting blood glucose and insulin were 103.84±24.15 and 9.79±4.02 at the beginning of the study, which reached to 111.40±26.43 and 8.58±3.68 at week 12. The results showed that there were no significant differences in fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices at all the studied time points (weeks of 0, 8 and 12) within or between the groups. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of a normal recommended dose of glucosamine supplements may not have adverse effects on glycemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.Trial registration number: IRCT2014031811785N2.
Farnaz Rahnavard; Ahmad Kalateh Sadati; Masood Amini
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 151-157
Abstract
Background: The findings of many studies confirm that obesity includes social stigma. Stigma involves several stereotypes that have negative psychosocial effects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the experience of social stigma in obese women with emphasis on their coping strategies.Methods: After ...
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Background: The findings of many studies confirm that obesity includes social stigma. Stigma involves several stereotypes that have negative psychosocial effects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the experience of social stigma in obese women with emphasis on their coping strategies.Methods: After the interview was done in the department with 24 Sleeve female candidate, their narratives were analyzed using descriptive phenomenological approach.Results: Results showed that obese women had undesirable experiences of social stigma. Nevertheless, they used coping strategies to adapt with new conditions. The main strategies revealed include social resistance; passivity; psychological problems and hysteria; extreme denial of self body image; social isolation; and ignorance of what others say (self empowerment).Conclusion: Social stigma of obesity affects the obese women negatively. Although obese women use several strategies to cope, with huge social and personal costs are imposed on them. To reduce these costs, policy-makers should pay attention to desensitization of obesity in society with emphasis on women. To this end, they can use media instruments on the one hand and make the cultural context and infrastructures such as school and universities on the other.
Elham Asrari; Masoud Faraji
Volume 5, Issue 4 , October 2017, , Pages 164-168
Abstract
AbstractBackground: The AERMOD is one of the EPA preferred and recommended air quality dispersion models. The AERMOD is a steady state dispersion model for estimating the concentration of pollutants in urban, rural, flat and elevated, ground level and elevated receptors from different volumes, areas ...
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AbstractBackground: The AERMOD is one of the EPA preferred and recommended air quality dispersion models. The AERMOD is a steady state dispersion model for estimating the concentration of pollutants in urban, rural, flat and elevated, ground level and elevated receptors from different volumes, areas or point sources.Methods: In this study, in order to evaluate the accuracy of software results, the AERMOD was used for estimating the air pollution concentrations at different locations in Emam Hossein Square and Darvazeh Kazeroun Square of Shiraz City, where there are two DOE air quality monitoring stations. The modeling was performed based on hourly annual metrological data of Shiraz airport. The variable air pollutants’ emission rates were used based on different traffic loads at different hours at night and during the day.Results: The modeling results are compared with the values measured at DOE air quality monitoring stations. The results showed that for the maximum daily concentration of pollutants, the AERMOD estimated values were about 5 and 20 percent higher than the values measured for SO2 and CO; also, the estimated values were two times higher than the measured values for NOx and PM10. Furthermore for the average daily concentration of pollutants, the AERMOD estimated values were about 17, 41, 42 and 38 percent lower than the values measured for NOx, CO, SO2 and PM10, respectively.Conclusions: The quality of ambient air in Shiraz City seems to be good since, except for the PM10, the concentrations of CO, NOx and SO2 were in the range of clean air standard. The maximum daily concentrations of PM10, CO, NOx and SO2 were reported as 0.497 mg/m3, 4246 mg/m3, 0.206 mg/m3and 0.037 mg/m3, respectively.
Masoumeh Akhlaghi; Majid Kamali; Farideh Dastsouz
Volume 4, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 181-188
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in a wide rangeof pathological situations including cardiovascular diseases.This study aimed to investigate the association between serum25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk factors of metabolicsyndrome and cardiovascular diseases.Methods: The ...
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AbstractBackground: Vitamin D deficiency is implicated in a wide rangeof pathological situations including cardiovascular diseases.This study aimed to investigate the association between serum25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk factors of metabolicsyndrome and cardiovascular diseases.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 169adults (88 males, 81 females) aged 19-52 years living in Shiraz,Iran. Anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure weremeasured using standard methods. Blood samples were collectedin fasting state for determination of blood glucose, lipids, and25(OH)D. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of varianceand linear regression using SPSS software.Results: Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were considerablyhigher in males. One third of females had vitamin D deficiency(25(OH)D <10 ng/ml) while one third of males exhibited25(OH)D levels >50 ng/ml. In males, systolic and diastolicblood pressure, triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome scoreincreased and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteroldecreased across tertiles of serum 25(OH)D. On the contrary,in females body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndromescore decreased and HDL cholesterol increased across tertilesof 25(OH)D. Linear regression, after controlling for confoundingfactors, showed that diastolic blood pressure (B=0.07; 95% CI:0.02, 0.11; P=0.006), triglycerides (B=0.54; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.85;P=0.001), and metabolic syndrome score (B=0.01; 95% CI: 0.001,0.01; P=0.02) positively and HDL cholesterol (B=-0.05; 95% CI:-0.09, -0.01; P=0.02) inversely associated with tertiles of 25(OH)D concentrations in males. In contrast, BMI (B=-0.06; 95% CI:-0.11, -0.02; P=0.01), waist circumference (B= -0.12; 95% CI:-0.23, -0.01; p=0.04), and metabolic syndrome score (B=-0.02;95% CI:-0.03, -0.01; P=0.01) were inversely and HDL-C (B=0.16;95% CI: 0.02, 0.31; P=0.02) positively associated with 25(OH)D tertiles in females.Conclusion: The results suggest that both low and uppernormal levels of 25(OH)D are associated with increased risk ofcardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome.
Leila Khabir; Nourollah Mohamadi; Changiz Rahimi; Seyed Ali Dastgheib
Abstract
Background: Effective common factors such as therapeutic alliance and group cohesion play essential roles in outcome treatment in borderline personality disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the role of therapeutic alliance and group cohesion in group therapy based on mentalization and dialectical ...
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Background: Effective common factors such as therapeutic alliance and group cohesion play essential roles in outcome treatment in borderline personality disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the role of therapeutic alliance and group cohesion in group therapy based on mentalization and dialectical behavior in borderline personality disorder. Methods: This is a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 36 patients diagnosed with BPD (12 in each three groups). They were examined by a semi-structured clinical interview. Data were collected from March 2017 to June 2017. All screening and performance procedures were performed daily in Hefez hospital, Shiraz. Patients were selected through targeted sampling. Data were entered into SPSS, version 21, by using repeated measures and simple regression analysis and analyzed by one who was blind to the groups. The computer method was used for randomization. The participants were categorized into intervention and control groups. Before, immediately and two months after the intervention, the participants filled out the Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index (BPDSI), Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), Group Cohesion Scale (GCS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaires. Results: After the intervention, therapeutic alliance (p=0.005) and group cohesion (p=0.0001) in both experimental groups had significantly higher scores compared to the control group. Conclusion: The two relationship elements were found to contribute to psychotherapy outcome. Therapeutic alliance and group cohesion had also been estimated to account for at least as much variance in psychotherapy outcome as specific therapeutic interventions.
Amir Jalali; Mahmoud Rahmati; Bita Dastmozd; Nader Salari; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Abstract
Introduction: Spiritual health is the newest dimension of health that lies alongside other aspects of health. Since few studies have been conducted on the various effects of spirituality on nurses' clinical competence, this study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual health and clinical ...
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Introduction: Spiritual health is the newest dimension of health that lies alongside other aspects of health. Since few studies have been conducted on the various effects of spirituality on nurses' clinical competence, this study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual health and clinical competency of nurses. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The samples consisted of 135 nurses working in intensive care units affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. According to the number of nursing staff in each ward, the share of each ward was determined, and then nurses selected by random sampling. Data were collected using the Spiritual Well-Being questionnaire and the Critical Care Nursing Competence Scale. After referring to the wards, the questionnaires were compiled by the researchers, and finally, it was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient test. The significance level was considered to be 5%. Results: The mean age of nurses was 35±6.6 years, their mean clinical experience was 11±7 years and the mean of nurses' work experience was 6.95±5 years. The mean score of spiritual well-being was 79.29±4.33 (medium level), the mean score of clinical competence was 378.53±4.90 (excellent condition) and the mean score of professional competence was 310.95±3.14 (excellent condition). Correlation test results showed no significant statistical relationship between spiritual health and clinical competency dimensions (P value>0.05).There was also no significant relationship between dimensions of spiritual health (existential health and religious health) and nurses' clinical competency (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Nurses in ICUs have a relatively high and acceptable level of spiritual health and clinical competence, but nurses' clinical competence is not directly related to their spiritual health.
Alireza Choobineh; Masoud Neghab; Reza Rostami; Jafar Hassan Zadeh; Esmaeel Soleimani; Hadi Daneshmandi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , July 2013, , Pages 27-32
Abstract
AbstractBackground/Objective: This study was undertaken to addresspsychological health effects of dentists’ exposure to low ambientlevels of mercury.Methods: One hundred and six dentists and 94 generalpractitioners were randomly selected from clinics in Shiraz city,Iran. Subjects were asked to complete ...
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AbstractBackground/Objective: This study was undertaken to addresspsychological health effects of dentists’ exposure to low ambientlevels of mercury.Methods: One hundred and six dentists and 94 generalpractitioners were randomly selected from clinics in Shiraz city,Iran. Subjects were asked to complete the Persian version ofGeneral Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed usingχ2 test, independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney’s U test.Results: Both groups were similar as far as all demographicvariables, except age, were concerned. No significant differencewas noted between the dentists’ mean total score of GHQ-28 (17.9)and that of referent subjects (16.34). These scores were significantlylower than the cut-off point of 23 (P<0.01). The mean scores forsomatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and depression weresignificantly higher in dentists than in the referent subjects. Theresults also showed a significant association between GHQ-28total scores and length of exposure to mercury (P=0.034); withincrease in the job tenure, GHQ-28 total score also increased,indicating a decrement in psychological health status.Conclusion: The current findings revealed that, in general,the dentists’ psychological health status was poorer than thereferent subjects. Additionally, in all GHQ subscales, thedentists’ scores were significantly different from those of theircounterparts. Given the fact that exposure to mercury is the mostimportant differentiating variable between both groups, and thatneuropsychological disorders are the most common toxic effectof mercury, the difference between psychological health statusof the two groups is likely to be related to exposure to mercury.Please cite this article as: Choobineh AR, Neghab M, Rostami R, HassanzadehJ, Soleimani E, Daneshmandi H. The Relationship between Mercury Exposureand Psychological Health Status of Dentists. J Health Sci Surveillance Sys.2013;1(1):27-32.Keywords: Dentist; Mental health; Mercury
Mohammad Khammarnia; Aziz Kassani; Mostafa Peyvand; Fatemeh Setoodezadeh
Volume 4, Issue 1 , January 2016, , Pages 27-31
Abstract
Abstract:Background: Systemic thinking can provide practice in multidisciplinary team working and improve the organizational efficacy. This study aimed to determine the association between systemic thinking and partnership working in the employees of a medical sciences university in the south of Iran.Methods: ...
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Abstract:Background: Systemic thinking can provide practice in multidisciplinary team working and improve the organizational efficacy. This study aimed to determine the association between systemic thinking and partnership working in the employees of a medical sciences university in the south of Iran.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZAUMS) in 2015. The study population consisted of all employees in ZAUMS; 370 participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Two standard questionnaires were used for data gathering. The data were analyzed in SPSS (v21) using Pearson, One way ANOVA, and logistic regression. The level of significance was considered as 0.05.Results: In this study, 225 participants (60.8%) were female and their mean age was 34.7±8.7. The score of partnership working for 362 participants was higher than the mean standard (40). Systemic thinking had a positive association with partnership working (p=0.001) and married status of the participants (p=0.04). Partnership working in male and older staff was more than others in ZAUMS (p<0.001 and p=0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Systematic thinking had a positive association with the employees’ working partnership. Moreover, the male staff had better systematic thinking. It is recommended that the managers should promote systematic thinking in staff, especially in females, for better partnership and efficacy in organizations.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Khalil Safari; Nasrin Shokrpour; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Objective: Fars province in south Iran is an endemic focus of Leishmaniosis. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological status of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Fars province, South Iran, from 2007 to 2016.
Methods: This study was a retrospective-analytical cross-sectional study. The study ...
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Objective: Fars province in south Iran is an endemic focus of Leishmaniosis. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological status of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Fars province, South Iran, from 2007 to 2016.
Methods: This study was a retrospective-analytical cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all people with Leishmaniasis, who referred to the infectious disease center in four cities of Larestan, south Fars province, from 2007 to 2016. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used in data analysis. The significance level was considered as 5%.
Results: In the period 2007-2016, 4599 cases of cutaneous Leishmaniosis were registered. The highest number of cases occurred in 2008. The mean age in 2007 and 2016 was 17.7±17.1 and 12.9±16.5, respectively. Women were the majority of cases, from 2007 to 2012. Hand ulcers were the most prevalent part of the body in all these years, except 2016. In terms of seasonal distribution, most of the cases occurred in winter and the least in summer. Afghan and Pakistani immigrants produced the majority of cases.
Conclusion: The trend of cutaneous Leishmaniosis has declined in Larestan city from 2007 to 2016. However, Leishmaniosis is still a major public health problem. Since the majority of cases were related to Afghan and Pakistani immigrants, it is necessary to ward off these people
Tayebeh Rakhshani; Mansour Kashfi; Irandokht Amirian; Mohammad Reza Ebrahimi; Seyyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari
Volume 6, Issue 1 , January 2018, , Pages 29-35
Abstract
Introduction: Traffic accidents are considered a major public health problem in many parts of the world. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of fatal traffic accidents in Yasouj city during the years 2014-2015. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out through a cross-sectional ...
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Introduction: Traffic accidents are considered a major public health problem in many parts of the world. The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of fatal traffic accidents in Yasouj city during the years 2014-2015. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out through a cross-sectional method and the study population included all individuals who had died in traffic accidents in Yasouj city during 2014-2015. The source of data collection was the Legal Medicine Organization. The data were analyzed through SPSS 16,using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the deceased was 35.44 ± 20.99 years. The highest death rate was observed in the age groups over 25-34 years old (21.3%), 15-24 years (17.6%) and 35-44 years (17%), respectively. Most of the deceased were male (75%), single (55.4%), illiterate (44%), self-employed (29.3%) and residents of rural areas (52.3%). The ultimate cause of death of more than half of the deceased was head trauma (30.7%) and most of the deceased had died at the accident site (55.4%). 52.7% had died of collision with a passenger car. There was a significant association between the location of death and location of accident (outside/inside)(p-value=0.004); also, the result showed no significant relationship between the cause of death and location of accident (p-value <0.001) and type of vehicle (p-value <0.001).
Kourosh Azizi; Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard; Mousa Khosravani-Shiri; Mohammad Reza Fakoorziba; Aboozar Soltani
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2014, , Pages 30-35
Abstract
Background: Human malaria remains a major malady in Eastern Iran. Vector control interventions such as indoor residual spraying are used to fight with the disease. This study was undertaken to determine the lethal and residual effects of three different pyrethroid insecticides on adult mosquitoes of ...
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Background: Human malaria remains a major malady in Eastern Iran. Vector control interventions such as indoor residual spraying are used to fight with the disease. This study was undertaken to determine the lethal and residual effects of three different pyrethroid insecticides on adult mosquitoes of Anopheles stephensi on different surfaces in Iran, as part of a national program to monitor insecticide resistance in endemic areas. Methods: Two main endemic foci were selected as collection sites. Wild adult females of An. stephensi (mysoriensis strain) from the first focus were subjected to standard susceptibility tests, using lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin and cyfluthrin insecticides within holding tubes according to the method proposed by WHO. In Kazerun, the residual effects of these compounds were examined by conical bioassay tests of An. stephensi (type strain) on plaster and cement walls. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test to determine the differences in susceptibility and residual effects of An. stephensi mosquitoes to these insecticides. Results: The susceptibility of females of An. stephensi to three concentrations of lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin and cyfluthrin insecticides culminated in full scale mortality at the highest diagnostic dose. The maximal residual time of these three insecticides on plaster and cement walls was estimated to be about three months. There was no significant difference in the mortalities of An. stephensi on different sprayed surfaces (P=0.653). Conclusion: All field-collected An. stephensi populations exhibit gross susceptibility to all diagnostic doses of the three evaluated insecticides. In endemic areas, lambdacyhalothrin reveals a slightly longer residual activity than the other two insecticides.
Seyed Yaser Hashemi; Mojtaba Emkani; Azizallah Dehghan; Reza Kalantari; Milad Gholami
Abstract
Background: Job stress is one of the most hazardous factors in workplace that endangers the workers’ public health physically and psychologically. Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the general health status and occupational stress of workers in an electrical tablet production industry ...
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Background: Job stress is one of the most hazardous factors in workplace that endangers the workers’ public health physically and psychologically. Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the general health status and occupational stress of workers in an electrical tablet production industry in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 110 workers employed in electrical industry. The data were gathered by using demographic features questionnaire, general health questionnaire (GHQ), and job stress questionnaire (OSIPOW). The questionnaires were completed by interview to minimize the error in the data collection stage. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver.20). A p Results: 63.6% of the participants in this study were in inappropriate general health status. There was a significant difference between the total score of general health and education level (P=0.04). Also, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in working time in administrative and non-administrative parts. A significant relationship was observed between inefficiency and dichotomy of job stress with the total level of general health (P<0.05). Conclusions: Education and job stress are effective factors on the workers working in this industry.
