Mohammad Hossein Bagheri; Mozhgan Seif; Mostafa Ebrahimi; Ahmad Reza Rezai Ardakani; Mohebat Vali; Haleh Ghaem
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, poses a significant health and economic challenge in many parts of the world, including Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and recurrence of brucellosis, focusing on demographic variables such as age, ...
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Background: Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, poses a significant health and economic challenge in many parts of the world, including Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and recurrence of brucellosis, focusing on demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, place of residence, and the spatiotemporal pattern of the population.Methods: The study design was cross-sectional.The authors enrolled all Brucella cases registered in the infectious disease surveillance system of Fars province from 2014 to 2018 in the study. They performed a multivariate analysis of the disease risk factors using a Poisson regression model and a multivariate analysis of the risk factors associated with brucellosis recurrence using a logistic regression model.Results: The incidence of brucellosis in Fars province exhibited a decreasing trend. The findings revealed that the sex ratio of patients who consumed unpasteurized dairy products, the mean age of patients per month, and the proportion of people living in rural areas relative to the total number of patients with brucellosis were significantly associated with the risk of brucellosis. Moreover, the probability of disease recurrence was higher in colder seasons compared to spring.Conclusion: A higher ratio of lightweight livestock to heavyweight livestock was identified as a risk factor for brucellosis, indicating the more significant role of lightweight livestock in the incidence of brucellosis in Fars province. Therefore, controlling the disease in lightweight livestock is of paramount importance, and the vaccination of these livestock should be more strictly monitored and implemented.
Amin Kiani; Elham Ghorbani Aliabadi; Bahareh Kermani; Fatemeh Rezabeigi Davarani; Vahid Rahmanian; Salman Daneshi
Abstract
Background: Major β-Thalassemia is the most prevalent singlegene disorder in Iran. Over 2 million beta-thalassemia carriersand more than 25,000 patients have been identified nationwide. This study aimed to evaluate the Major β-Thalassemia (MBT) screening surveillance system in the Jiroft district, ...
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Background: Major β-Thalassemia is the most prevalent singlegene disorder in Iran. Over 2 million beta-thalassemia carriersand more than 25,000 patients have been identified nationwide. This study aimed to evaluate the Major β-Thalassemia (MBT) screening surveillance system in the Jiroft district, southeast Iran.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using the census method and was based on the information recorded in the files of all major thalassemia births (born between 2011 and 2021) in the health centers of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. A formula was used to calculate the program’s incidence, expected incidence, and success rate. Stata version 14 and Excel software were utilized to analyze the data, and the qualitative data are presented as numerical values and percentages.Results: During the study periods, 91 patients with betathalassemia Major were born in the population covered by Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. By performing prenatal diagnosis tests in the first weeks of pregnancy and obtaining parental consent for legal abortion, the birth of 422 sick children was prevented. The 11-year incidence of beta-thalassemia major was 5.32 per 10,000, and the expected incidence (if no prevention program was implemented) was 30 per 10,000 live births. The mean success rate of the Major β-Thalassemia surveillance system during the study period was 82.26%, which reached 95.45% in 2021.Conclusion: The i mplementation of efficient, e ffective h ealth policies influenced by the native culture of the region has resulted in the thalassemia prevention program in Jiroft City being completely effective. The implementation success rate of this program has exceeded 95%. Modeling and adapting these preventive policies can assist in implementing thalassemia prevention programs in other parts of the country and developing countries.
Habibollah Azarbakhsh; Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh; Elahe Piraee; Layla Shojaie; Hossein-Ali Nikbakht; Ali Hemmati; Maryam Hezarian; Rozhan Khezri; Alireza Jafari; Aliasghar Valipour
Abstract
Background: Viral hepatitis is one of the world’s top five infectious diseases that cause premature death. Each year, at least one million people die from these infections worldwide. This study investigated the epidemiological features and trend of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus ...
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Background: Viral hepatitis is one of the world’s top five infectious diseases that cause premature death. Each year, at least one million people die from these infections worldwide. This study investigated the epidemiological features and trend of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Abadan City, southern Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on recorded data of HBV and HCV infections from the notifiable disease surveillance system of Abadan University of Medical Sciences from 2014 to 2020. The incidence per 100,000 population for HBV and HCV infections has been calculated by study years and age groups. The chi-square test was applied to compare various types of infections.Results: The average age of the participants was 40.47±13.20, ranging from 1-88 years. This study estimated the prevalence of HBsAg-positive cases from 2014 to 2020 as 1.53, 6.92, 7.07, 7.07, 8.15, 3.23, and 3.38 per 100,000, respectively. Also, the incidence of HCV-infected cases during these years were 3.23, 6.46, 11.84, 6.46, 8.92, and 2.15 per 100,000 populations, respectively. The average age of patients varied widely based on the type of hepatitis (P=0.001) so that the mean age in HBV-infected patients was 41.06±12.41 years, 41.76±12.99 years in HCV-infected and 22.93±18.02 years in HBV/HCV-infected patients.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest a lower prevalence of hepatitis B and C compared to other regional studies conducted in Iran. In recent years, the incidence of HBV and HCV has declined, indicating the successful implementation of the vaccination plan and observance of health tips in Abadan.
Fariba Azadikhah; Kamran Mehrabani; Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the second cause of death in Asian countries, and 39% of all new breast cancer cases are diagnosed in Asia. The current study was designed to identify different patterns of breast cancer incidence rates among Asian countries.Methods: In this secondary analysis study, information ...
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Background: Breast cancer is the second cause of death in Asian countries, and 39% of all new breast cancer cases are diagnosed in Asia. The current study was designed to identify different patterns of breast cancer incidence rates among Asian countries.Methods: In this secondary analysis study, information about the incidence rates of female breast cancer for 46 Asian countries was extracted from the Gapminder website from 1990 to 2016, and a growth mixture model was developed to describe the growth patterns and identify the main longitudinal trends in Mplus 7.4. Finally, the estimated trend in each cluster was characterized by intercept (the rate at 1990) and slope (the observed annual trend changes).Results: Our findings suggested an overall increasing trend throughout the continent, but individual trajectories showed different behavior patterns amongst countries. Bayesian information creation showed that the 3-cluster model was the best choice. The annual growth of -0.13 (per 100,000 persons) suggests a slight negative trend for the incidence rate of breast cancer in cluster one countries, including Bangladesh, Israel, Kyrgyz Republic, Maldives, Nepal, North Korea, Tajikistan, and Timor- Leste. Seventeen countries, including Armenia, Bahrain, Brunei, Cyprus, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, South Korea, and United Arab Emirates, which belonged to cluster 2 had not only a higher number of incidence rate in 1990, but also an annual growth of 0.96 (per 100,000 persons), indicating a sharp increase trajectory. Also, annual growth of 0.38 (per 100,000 persons) showed a slow increase in the incidence rate of breast cancer over time for the 21 remaining countries.Conclusion: The observed sharp increase of breast cancer incidence in Armenia, Bahrain, Brunei, Cyprus, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, South Korea, and United Arab Emirates is remarkable; therefore, effective strategies to prevent it are urgently required.
Javad Javan-Noughabi; Sayed Ali Mousavi; Seyed Yaser Hashemi; Ahmad Faramarzi; Farshad Bahrami Asl; Hamidreza Shabanikiya
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed an unusual threat to global health. Up to May 26, 2021, according to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), 167.01 million cases, and 3.47 million deaths were reported. This study aimed to estimate and compare epidemiological indices ...
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed an unusual threat to global health. Up to May 26, 2021, according to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), 167.01 million cases, and 3.47 million deaths were reported. This study aimed to estimate and compare epidemiological indices of COVID-19 in high-incidence countries.Methods: We conducted a descriptive and comparative analysis intending to examine the epidemiological indices of COVID- 19 in high-incidence countries, using the data published by the WHO until May 17, 2021. We calculated the incidence and mortality rate per 1,000,000 inhabitant-day at risk daily, weekly, and overall, using person-day as the denominator.Results: The fatality rate in 14 countries was about 1.94%. The highest fatality rate was acquired in Italy (2.99%), followed by the United Kingdom (2.86%) and Iran (2.79%). The lowest value on the fatality rate was in Turkey and India, at 0.88% and 1.1%. The highest incidence rate was reported in the USA (207 cases per 1,000,000 person-day), followed by France (190), Poland (171), and Argentina (167). The highest mortality rate for the whole period was extracted in Brazil (4.60 death per 1,000,000 population-day), and the lowest rate happened in India (0.42).Conclusion: Until May 17, 2021, COVID-19 has affected about 117.6 million patients and caused 2.3 million deaths in 14 highincidence countries. This study shows that a specific pattern of COVID-19 has been observed in every country.
Sanaz Amiri; Forough Saki; Mozhgan Seif; Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
Abstract
Background: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is known as a chronic autoimmune disease with an increasing prevalence and incidence. This study was conducted to determine the incidence rate and prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes in Iran in 2016 and 2017. ...
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Background: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is known as a chronic autoimmune disease with an increasing prevalence and incidence. This study was conducted to determine the incidence rate and prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes in Iran in 2016 and 2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of IDDM in insured subjects under the age of 19 was measured through the prescribed insulin in two consecutive years. In this study, we assumed that IDDM patients are those who receive at least one prescription containing any insulin over 2 years in insurance databases. This study was carried out on 98% of patients under age 19, and the prevalence and incidence of IDDM were calculated. Finally, the result of this method was compared with Integrated Health System (IHS) databases. Results: In general, 1,135,105 insured persons under 19 years of age were enrolled in this study, and the prevalence rates of IDDM in subjects under 19 were 117.6 (111.5-124.2) and 136.8 (130.1-143.8) per 100,000 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The incidence rate of this disease was 27.4 (24.6-30.8) per 100,000. The highest incidence and prevalence were significantly observed in the age group of 14-19 years. The prevalence of IDDM was not significantly different between boys and girls. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the method of prescription follow up was appropriate, acceptable, convenient, and accurate. Our findings showed that the incidence and prevalence of IDDM in this method were in line with other worldwide reliable and accurate reports, even in the developed countries. The results of the present study showed that the prevalence and incidence rate of IDDM in Iran (Fars province) is at an intermediate level.
Mehdi Nejat; Mohammad Fararouei; Hamid Reza Tabatabaie; Parvin Afsar Kazerooni; Mohsen Akbarpoor; Roksana Estakhrian Haghighi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 95-102
Abstract
Background: Complete and fast diagnosis, registry and treatment programs are the main effective strategies for controlling infectious diseases. In addition, an organized and extended infectious disease surveillance system is crucial in designing and monitoring communicable diseases control programs. ...
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Background: Complete and fast diagnosis, registry and treatment programs are the main effective strategies for controlling infectious diseases. In addition, an organized and extended infectious disease surveillance system is crucial in designing and monitoring communicable diseases control programs. The quality of the surveillance system can be evaluated by several indices such as timeliness, completeness and sensitivity. This is an evaluation study to measure the mentioned indices for 3 zoonotic diseases (leishmaniasis, brucellosis and rabies) surveillance system. Methods: The indexes such as completeness, timeliness and sensitivity of surveillance system were measured using the data obtained from population based (door to door) interviews and recorded data obtained at each level of health and medical sectors or administrative centers within the diseases reporting system. Interviews were conducted for 5969 participants and the required information was obtained. Results: The total completeness, timeliness and sensitivity of case reporting for leishmaniasis were 26.9%, 103.2 days and 11.1%, respectively. These indexes forbrucellosiswere14.3 %, 58 days, 12.1% and those for suspected rabieswere100%, 83.4 days and 48.2%, respectively. Conclusion: It seems that so called immediate communicable diseases reporting system is not providing reliable, complete and timely information to the health authorities. Program monitoring and personnel training, especially physicians, are recommended to improve the quality of the surveillance system and the related indexes.
