Original Articles
zahra zamanian; hadi daneshmandi; Hojjatolah Setoodeh; Ebrahim Nazaripoor; Abdollah Haghayegh; Saeed Shaban Sarvestani
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, Pages 134-139
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries that appear in the lower back, neck and upper and lower extremities mainly. This study was conducted to assess the risk of MSDs and determine of its associated factors in workers of a dairy products ...
Read More
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries that appear in the lower back, neck and upper and lower extremities mainly. This study was conducted to assess the risk of MSDs and determine of its associated factors in workers of a dairy products company.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 male employees (21-41yrs) using census sampling method participated. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire (NMQ) and QEC method for assessment of postures during the work. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including test of proportion, multiple logistic regression, and Fisher’s Exact by SPSS software (Version 16.0).Results: The results of this study showed that the lower back (37%), shoulders (36%), and hand/wrist (33%) had the highest prevalence of symptoms of disorders among workers. The results of multiple logistic regression showed a significant association between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in different regions of the body and age, job experiences, shift working and BMI. The results of assessment of physical exposure to musculoskeletal risks by QEC technique showed that in 52% of the studied workers, the level of exposure to musculoskeletal risks was in Action Level (AL) 1, 9% in AL2, 30% in AL3, and 9% in AL4. Also, the finding revealed a significant relationship between the prevalence rate of MSDs and the risk level (low and high risk) achieved by QEC method.Conclusions: Prevalence of symptoms of pain in different regions of the body had an association with age, job experience, shift working and BMI. Corrective measures seemed essential in improvement of working condition in the studied workers.
Original Articles
Fariba Moradi; Zohreh Balaghi; Hassan Joulaei; Najaf Zare; Samad Mohammadi; Mohsen Moghadami
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, Pages 140-144
Abstract
Background: Prevention of unwanted pregnancy is a key strategy to improve the women’s health through spacing of birth and avoiding pregnancy at high-risk maternal ages. Unmet need by definition is the percentage of fecund married women who are not using contraceptives while they do not want to get ...
Read More
Background: Prevention of unwanted pregnancy is a key strategy to improve the women’s health through spacing of birth and avoiding pregnancy at high-risk maternal ages. Unmet need by definition is the percentage of fecund married women who are not using contraceptives while they do not want to get pregnant. They do this due to unavailable quality services, limited choice of methods, lack of information, safety concerns or side-effects and partner disapproval. The present study aimed to assess the magnitude of unmet need for prevention of unwanted pregnancy in Shiraz.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 2000 married women of childbearing age (10-49 years) were selected randomly in a survey in Shiraz. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire and the results were reported using descriptive statistical methods.Results: In the present study, 85.6% of the women used a contraceptive method. 58.7% of them used modern methods of contraception. Reported reasons for not using contraceptives included recent delivery (25%), intention to have more children (20.6%), lack of awareness about contraceptive methods or where such services were offered (6.3%) and irregular sexual intercourse with husband (4.5%). Interrupted intercourse ranked the highest among the methods used. Finally, the unmet need for prevention of unwanted pregnancy in this study was reported to be 4.3 percent.Conclusion: Women in Shiraz had a relatively lower level of unmet need. Counseling is recommended for higher risk women with unmet need in order to keep the descending trend of unmet need for prevention of unwanted pregnancy in Shiraz.
Original Articles
Afsane Ahmadi; maryam ranjbar zahedani; Mahsa Moazen; Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari; Sareh Keshavarzi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, Pages 145-150
Abstract
Background: Job satisfaction is an emotional and positive feeling which results from job assessment or experiences. It is always considered as a problem in some organizations. Despite the important role of nutrition therapy in patients care, dietitians’ job satisfaction is less taken into account. ...
Read More
Background: Job satisfaction is an emotional and positive feeling which results from job assessment or experiences. It is always considered as a problem in some organizations. Despite the important role of nutrition therapy in patients care, dietitians’ job satisfaction is less taken into account. The aim of the present study was to determine the amount of job satisfaction among dietitians in Fars province, Iran.Methods: In this study, job satisfaction of 95 dietitians was evaluated through demographic and job satisfaction questionnaires. They were sent by e-mail or face-to-face referral for participants. Job satisfaction level was classified into 6 different categories including very satisfied, fairly satisfied, slightly satisfied, slightly dissatisfied, fairly dissatisfied and very dissatisfied. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using independent sample t-test, oneway ANOVA and Pearson correlation test. Statistical differences were considered significant at P<0.05.Results: The results showed that 72.6% of the participants were satisfied with their job condition but 27.4% were dissatisfied. The mean score of job satisfaction of dietitians was 57%±10.54 (from the maximum score of 100), indicating the participants ’slight satisfaction. Moreover, the highest and lowest scores were related to the nature of work and salary, respectively.Conclusion: Since the level of job satisfaction affects other institutional variables such as efficiency, motivation, performance, absenteeism or burning out, it is suggested that authorities of Health Ministry provide a condition in which job satisfaction is increased by applying appropriate techniques.
Original Articles
Farnaz Rahnavard; Ahmad Kalateh Sadati; Masood Amini
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, Pages 151-157
Abstract
Background: The findings of many studies confirm that obesity includes social stigma. Stigma involves several stereotypes that have negative psychosocial effects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the experience of social stigma in obese women with emphasis on their coping strategies.Methods: After ...
Read More
Background: The findings of many studies confirm that obesity includes social stigma. Stigma involves several stereotypes that have negative psychosocial effects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the experience of social stigma in obese women with emphasis on their coping strategies.Methods: After the interview was done in the department with 24 Sleeve female candidate, their narratives were analyzed using descriptive phenomenological approach.Results: Results showed that obese women had undesirable experiences of social stigma. Nevertheless, they used coping strategies to adapt with new conditions. The main strategies revealed include social resistance; passivity; psychological problems and hysteria; extreme denial of self body image; social isolation; and ignorance of what others say (self empowerment).Conclusion: Social stigma of obesity affects the obese women negatively. Although obese women use several strategies to cope, with huge social and personal costs are imposed on them. To reduce these costs, policy-makers should pay attention to desensitization of obesity in society with emphasis on women. To this end, they can use media instruments on the one hand and make the cultural context and infrastructures such as school and universities on the other.
Original Articles
Asghar MasihiNejad; Maryam Javadi; Ameneh Barikani; Mohammad Mazloomi; Payman Qajarbeigi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, Pages 158-163
Abstract
Background: The Prangos ferulacea (PF)–yogurt is a traditional food in Iran. This study investigated the effects of PF on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic yoghurt.Methods: Pasteurized low fat milk was heated up to 85°C, cooled to 40°C, and then mixed with conventional ...
Read More
Background: The Prangos ferulacea (PF)–yogurt is a traditional food in Iran. This study investigated the effects of PF on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic yoghurt.Methods: Pasteurized low fat milk was heated up to 85°C, cooled to 40°C, and then mixed with conventional and Lactobacillus casei starter cultures incubated at 37°C until pH decreased to 4.6. Then, the cooked PF was added to yogurt and stored at 5°C for 21 days. Acidity, Syneresis, probiotic colony count and sensory evaluation of yoghurt was determined during the storage time. The experiments were replicated for three times. Probiotic yogurt (PY) was examined as the control and probiotic yoghurt containing 10, 20 and 30% Prangos ferulacea (PFY) as the samples.Results: Total titratable acidity of PFYs compared to PY was not significant during 21 days. The syneresis rate of PFY yogurt showed significant differences compared to PY during storage time (P<0.001). Comparison of the mean scores of sensory attributes (taste, odor, syneresis, mouth feel and color) of PFY yogurt showed that there were no significant differences with PY. Enumeration of lactobacillus casei (logCFU/mL) revealed significant differences in PFYs compared to PY in each experimental day (P=0.040). At the end of the storage time (day 21), the highest number of L.casei was observed in PY and PFY 20% and the lowest in PFY30%.Conclusion: Adding Prangos ferulacea (20%) to probiotic yogurt prevented an increase in acidity, a decrease in syneresis rate and an increase in the number of probiotic bacteria during 21 days. Results showed that the highest number of probiotic bacteria was seen in probiotic yogurt containing 20 percent Prangos ferulacea; probably, the existing fiber and some nutrients in Prangos ferulacea promoted the viability of probiotic bacteria.
Original Articles
Behnam Mohammadi- Ghalehbin; Gholam Reza Hatam; Iraj Mohammad-Pour; Nafise Ghobakhloo; Faeze Foroughi- Parvar
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2014, Pages 164-167
Abstract
Background: There are many genera of free-living amoeba in the environment, but members of only four genera (Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia and Sappinia) have an association with human infection. Water, soil and air are main sources of infective types of these pathogenic organisms for human.Methods: ...
Read More
Background: There are many genera of free-living amoeba in the environment, but members of only four genera (Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia and Sappinia) have an association with human infection. Water, soil and air are main sources of infective types of these pathogenic organisms for human.Methods: Totally, 30 samples were collected from the surface water sources of Shiraz city, the capital of Fars province, during July and August 2009. The samples were filtered and their sediments were cultured on non-nutrient agar medium and seeded with non-pathogen Escherichia coli. Then, they were incubated at three different temperatures, 22˚C, 37˚C, and 44˚C. The media were checked with invert microscopy and amoebae were recognized by phase–contrast microscopy and observed by light microscopy after Trichrome staining. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for molecular detection.Results: Of the 30 samples, 29 were recognized morphologically as Acanthamoeba, the characteristics of 20 of which were confirmed by PCR. The growth rate of amoeba in 22˚C was more than 37˚C. Eight of the samples grew at 44˚C, but flagellate forming test and PCR were negative for Naegleria fowleri. Two of them were identified morphologically as Balamuthia and Sappinia.Conclusion: Since Fars province is located in the subtropical region where there are a lot of parks and green areas with surface water, the potential risk of diseases caused by free-living amoebae should be considered. Further investigations about various aspects of these important opportunistic protozoa are recommended especially for establishment of appropriate prevention tools.
