Original Articles
Mohammad Ali Baghapour; Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi; Kourosh Azizi; Razieh Sefidkar
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, Pages 128-132
Abstract
Background: The consumption of healthy food is considered as an essential need to devoid the physical, chemical, and biological hazards. The importance of this issue is more conspicuous in places such as hospitals where people with somehow compromised immune systems are under treatment. Therefore, this ...
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Background: The consumption of healthy food is considered as an essential need to devoid the physical, chemical, and biological hazards. The importance of this issue is more conspicuous in places such as hospitals where people with somehow compromised immune systems are under treatment. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of food contact surfaces in a kitchen in one of the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In the present study, samples were taken from 48 food contact surfaces according to ISO 18593:2004(E) and placed into the bags containing diluting solution; they were then transferred to the laboratory for microbial analysis in the cold chain. The microbial analysis was carried out according to ISO 4833-1:2013 and BS ISO 4832:2006 for enumeration of total bacterial count and coliform. Results: Based on the results presented here, 39.6% and 85.7% of the samples showed acceptable contamination with regard to the enumeration of total bacterial and coliform count. Besides, 18.2% and 72.7 % of work surfaces groups (cutting board, table, and hand) showed acceptable contamination with regard to the enumeration of total bacterial count and coliform in comparison to the standards. Furthermore, 45.9% and 89.2% of other surfaces showed acceptable total bacterial and coliform count, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that safe management of the kitchen, education of the staff and also improvement of the equipment used are necessary.
Original Articles
Hosein Oriad; Zafar Parisai; Roksana Estakhrian Haghigh; Mehdi Akbartabar Toori; Mohammad Fararouei
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, Pages 133-138
Abstract
Background: Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran and its incidence is rising alarmingly. However, a study reported that Kohgilooyeh and Boyerahmad (a small province in Iran) seems to have substantially lower incidence rate of cancer compared to the other parts of the country. This study is conducted ...
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Background: Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran and its incidence is rising alarmingly. However, a study reported that Kohgilooyeh and Boyerahmad (a small province in Iran) seems to have substantially lower incidence rate of cancer compared to the other parts of the country. This study is conducted to investigate the epidemiological features of cancer regarding three key factors (sex, age and sites of cancer). Methods: The data collection strategy for this study is similar to the Iranian National Cancer Registry programme. Results: For the study period (2007-2009), 660 eligible cases of cancer were reported to Kohgilooyeh and Boyerahmad’s National Cancer Registry provincial office with average annual age standardized rate (ASR)=64.58 per 100000 (74.95 per 100000 and 45.85 per 100000 for men and women, respectively). The five leading primary cancer sites for both genders in K and B are skin, stomach, blood, bladder and breast. Regarding the sex specific incidence rates of cancer, the skin, stomach, bladder, blood and prostate in men and the skin, breast, stomach, blood and ovary in women are suggested to be the five leading sites of cancer. The trends of age-site specific incidence rates of skin cancer obtained in the current study are essentially similar to what is expected. Conclusion: Compared to the national and international figures, significant differences were found in the age-site specific rates of cancer in the province.
Original Articles
Mansooreh Dehghani; Mahshid Ghadami; Talat Gholami; Marzieh Ansari Shiri; Zahra Elhameyan; Mohammad Reza Javaheri; narges shamsedini; Samaneh Shahsavani
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, Pages 139-145
Abstract
Background: Recently, there has been a great concern about the consumption of dyes because of their toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and persistence in the aquatic environment. Reactive dyes are widely used in textile industry. Advanced oxidation processes are one of the cost-effective methods ...
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Background: Recently, there has been a great concern about the consumption of dyes because of their toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and persistence in the aquatic environment. Reactive dyes are widely used in textile industry. Advanced oxidation processes are one of the cost-effective methods for the removal of these dyes. The main aims of this study were determining the feasibility of using Fenton process in removing Reactive Red 198 (RR-198) dye from aqueous solution and determining the optimal conditions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a laboratory scale. A total of 69 samples were considered and the effect of pH, Fe (II) concentration, H2O2 concentration, initial dye concentration and reaction time were investigated. Results: According to the results, a maximum removal efficiency of 92% was obtained at pH of 3 and the reaction time of 90 min; also, the concentration of Fe (II), H2O2, initial dye concentration were 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L, respectively. The results revealed that by increasing the concentration of Fe (II), H2O2 and initial dye, the removal efficiency was increased. Conclusions: The results showed that Fenton process could be used as a cost-effective method for removing RR-198 dye from textile wastewater efficiently.
Original Articles
Zohreh Mazloom; Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh; Mahsa Moazen; Sara Bagheri
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, Pages 146-152
Abstract
Background: Use of glucosamine as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis is becoming more frequent, including in those who have diabetes at the same time. The results from in vitro and animal studies propose that glucosamine may inversely affect glucose metabolism. However, the recommended dose ...
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Background: Use of glucosamine as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis is becoming more frequent, including in those who have diabetes at the same time. The results from in vitro and animal studies propose that glucosamine may inversely affect glucose metabolism. However, the recommended dose of oral glucosamine in healthy people or diabetics did not have such effects consistently. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of glucosamine on glycemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Fifty-four patients with type 2 diabetes participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The participants were assigned to receive 1500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride or placebo for 12 weeks. After determining their baseline characteristics, body mass index and dietary intake components, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were measured at weeks of 0, 8, and 12. Indices of insulin function including quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated by specific formulas. Independent t-test and general linear model repeated measures were used to analyze the data. Results: In the glucosamine group, the means of fasting blood glucose and insulin were 107.31±24.07 mg/dl and 8.75±4.37 μu/ ml, respectively at baseline, which reached 112.38±31.50 and 9.10±4.17 at week 12. In the placebo group, the mean for fasting blood glucose and insulin were 103.84±24.15 and 9.79±4.02 at the beginning of the study, which reached to 111.40±26.43 and 8.58±3.68 at week 12. The results showed that there were no significant differences in fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices at all the studied time points (weeks of 0, 8 and 12) within or between the groups. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of a normal recommended dose of glucosamine supplements may not have adverse effects on glycemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.Trial registration number: IRCT2014031811785N2.
Original Articles
Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor; Rabieh Hoseini; Mansoureh Dehghani
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, Pages 153-159
Abstract
Background: High amount of heavy metals in sludge is one of the major obstacles to its use on farms. The present study aimed to investigate the possibility of leaching heavy metals from wastewater sludge by Fenton method and determine the optimum level of parameters, such as iron, hydrogen peroxide, ...
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Background: High amount of heavy metals in sludge is one of the major obstacles to its use on farms. The present study aimed to investigate the possibility of leaching heavy metals from wastewater sludge by Fenton method and determine the optimum level of parameters, such as iron, hydrogen peroxide, time, and pH for Fenton reaction. Methods: The effects of various parameters, such as pH (2-9), hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.5-6 g/l), Fe concentration (0.5-4 g/l), and leaching time (5-60 min), were studied. Results: The results showed that the optimal condition for leaching of heavy metals occurred at pH of 2 3, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3 g/l, iron concentration of 2 g/l, and leaching time of 15 min. Under these optimal conditions, 92% of Zn, 100% of Cd, 100% of Pb, and 80% of Cu were leached from the wastewater sludge. Conclusions: Fenton method can leach heavy metals from wastewater sludge through decomposition of organic materials at H2O2/Fe ratio of 1.5:2.
Original Articles
Zahra Soltani; Mohammad Reza Fakoorziba; Mohammad Djafar Moemenbellah-Fard; Mohsen Kalantari; Mohsen Akbarpour; Hossein Faramarzi; Kourosh Azizi
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, Pages 160-164
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in many parts of Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the fauna and some biologic factors of sand flies and detect CL vector(s) in Kharameh district which is one of the most important foci of the disease in Fars province, southern Iran. Methods: ...
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Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in many parts of Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the fauna and some biologic factors of sand flies and detect CL vector(s) in Kharameh district which is one of the most important foci of the disease in Fars province, southern Iran. Methods: To identify the fauna, a total of 1549 sand flies were collected from April 2014 to March 2015. To determine the monthly activity, sand flies were collected from indoor and outdoor areas of the lowland and the highland regions. Results: Ten species of phlebotomine (four Phlebotomus spp. And six Sergentomyia spp.) were identified and Phlebotomus papatasi was the dominant species (53.45%). To determine the sand flies naturally infected by Leishmania spp., 188 female sand flies (145 P. papatasi, 29 P. sergenti, and 14 P. alexandri) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Two (13.16%) specimens of P. papatasi were found to be positive for Leishmania major. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first PCR detection of L. major within naturally infected P. Papatasis and fly as the main vector in this region of south Iran.
Letter to Editor
Seyed Esmaeil Managheb; Mesbah Shams; Mahmood Soveid; Mohamad Hadi Imanieh; Mohsen Moghadami
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, Pages 165-166
Abstract
Compiling clinical guidelines is one of the requirements of family physician plan and classification of health care services.1 The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes can easily be seen in general practice so that 2.5% of referrals to general practitioners are due to diabetes. More than half of the patients ...
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Compiling clinical guidelines is one of the requirements of family physician plan and classification of health care services.1 The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes can easily be seen in general practice so that 2.5% of referrals to general practitioners are due to diabetes. More than half of the patients with Type 2 diabetes are left undiagnosed and most of them suffer from its complications at the time of diagnosis. For example, 6.2% of patients suffer from diabetic retinopathy at the time of diagnosis.2 Most patients diagnosed with diabetes take more than one type of medication to treat the complications; about 60% take only oral medications, and 14 percent take oral medications and insulin.3 Although the principles of care for people with Type 2 diabetes is well known, there is a gap between the quality of care in general practice and optimal care so that up to 50% of patients’ condition are weakly controlled.4 Chronic care model for patients with chronic diseases explains the necessary measures to improve the care of people with chronic diseases. These elements include supporting disease management by the patients themselves, patient care, and support teams. Consultation and training are often done in general practice while it is usually a brief consultation about weight, medication or exercise. There is little evidence that mere printed texts are effective in controlling the disease. Extensive training programs are designed to develop self-management skills for diabetes control.4 The implementation of clinical guidelines in medical practice is a challenging task. But, a number of evidences have been shown to accelerate effective clinical guideline implementation and care improvement.5 Management of diabetes mellitus type 2 is shown in Figure 1.
Letter to Editor
Seyed Esmaeil Managheb; Mesbah Shams; Mahmood Soveid; Mohamad Hadi Imanieh; Mohsen Moghadami
Volume 3, Issue 4 , October 2015, Pages 167-168
Abstract
Incidence of diabetes is increasing in developing countries as well as Iran. Half of the patients are not aware of their disease so screening of diabetes is necessary. Lifestyle changes in society, high-saturated fat diet and decreased physical activity are the factors that influence the growing rate ...
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Incidence of diabetes is increasing in developing countries as well as Iran. Half of the patients are not aware of their disease so screening of diabetes is necessary. Lifestyle changes in society, high-saturated fat diet and decreased physical activity are the factors that influence the growing rate of diabetes in Iran.1 The need for addressing type 2 diabetes has been clarified for family physicians.2 Diabetes is a common disease that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It has an asymptomatic stage that may be present for up to several years before diagnosis.3 Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease.4 In a study among patients over 45 years with type 2 diabetes, these results were reported: 22% suffered from retinopathy, 7% had impaired vision, 6% had kidney diseases, 9% had clinical symptoms, and 19.1% were at risk for foot ulcers.5 Early treatment of type 2 diabetes can reduce or delay complications.6 Optimal glycemia and BP are important in the prevention of diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD).4 Therapeutic goals in patients with complications, such as CKD, include maintaining renal function and stopping the trend of renal deterioration.5 Progression of diabetic nephropathy can be slowed through the use of some medications.4 How to screen and manage chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes is shown in Figure 1.
