Review Articles
Ogholgol Ghajari; Farzaneh Kasraie; Abdolrahim Asadollahi
Abstract
Background: COVID-19[1] is a new infectious disease that has been declared by WHO[2] as a public health emergency worldwide due to its rapid spread to China and then to other parts of the world. The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical manifestations of this disease in the elderly. ...
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Background: COVID-19[1] is a new infectious disease that has been declared by WHO[2] as a public health emergency worldwide due to its rapid spread to China and then to other parts of the world. The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical manifestations of this disease in the elderly. Methods: We performed a systematic review on the database of the World Health Organization, CDC[3], PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and lancet. All of the articles published until March 15, 2020, have been extracted from the above articles in English on coronavirus infection, disease, virology, epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention of the disease. Of the 1376 articles, 5 were selected out of recently published articles focusing on the epidemiological information of the virus, pneumonia caused by new corona virus, and the effects of the disease on different age groups, especially the elderly, and the rest were excluded from the review. The mean age of the patients, the mean age of mortality and the underlying diseases were chosen as the criteria of data extraction. Findings: Based on the researchers' perceptions of the text of the articles, 342 cases were included in these 5 studies. The mean age of the patients was 58.4 and that of the diceased patients was 66.5. More than 50% of the total cases had one or more underlying diseases. Conclusion: Despite the involvement of various age groups in this infection, the virus is most likely to cause severe complications and fatalities in older people with underlying diseases.
Review Articles
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: Suicide and Suicidal attempt at the 1996 World Health Organization Summit was an important public health and anti-social behavioral issue. Suicide rates are one of the most important indicators of the community's mental health. The present study was designed to elucidate the factors affecting ...
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Background: Suicide and Suicidal attempt at the 1996 World Health Organization Summit was an important public health and anti-social behavioral issue. Suicide rates are one of the most important indicators of the community's mental health. The present study was designed to elucidate the factors affecting suicidal attempts among adolescents.
Methods: This is a review study. Two researchers searched for suicide-related articles and related factors between October and November 2019 at five Latin scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Embase).
Results: The most important factors in suicidal attempts in adolescents included individual factors, family factors, and social factors. Hormonal changes in puberty in adolescents, especially in girls, can affect the adolescents’ behavior. The breakdown of the family structure can have negative consequences for children and cause them to commit suicidal attempts.
Conclusion: The available evidence indicates the influence of individual, family, and social factors at the beginning of the process of suicidal attempt among adolescents. Therefore, by focusing on preventing risk factors leading to suicidal behavior in adolescents, teaching how to deal with stress and increasing the adolescents' access to specialized counseling services and useful social networks, a suitable support system can be provided for these people.
Original Article
Hamed Delam; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Abstract
Background: Menopause is one of the female life stages affecting their mental health due to symptoms experienced by them during this period. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between severity of menopausal symptoms, depression and anxiety. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study ...
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Background: Menopause is one of the female life stages affecting their mental health due to symptoms experienced by them during this period. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between severity of menopausal symptoms, depression and anxiety. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 120 females aged 45-65 years in the city of Larestan, Iran. Subjects were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, Beck depression inventory, Spielberger anxiety scale, and the modified Kupperman menopausal complication index. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 25) at 95% confidence level. Results: Out of 120 menopausal females, who participated in this study, 89.2% were married, and their mean age was 53.30±4.24 years. The majority of them (92.5%) were in their diploma level and below. According to the results of the Spearman correlation test, there was a significant relationship between depression score and severity of menopausal symptoms (r = 0.775, P <0.01). There was also a significant difference between the total anxiety score and the severity of menopausal symptoms (r = .0.754, P <0.01). Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between the severity of menopausal symptoms and the presence of anxiety and depression, the treatment of menopausal symptoms can prevent depression and anxiety in females during this sensitive period.
Original Article
Elham Asrari; Negar Daneshi
Abstract
Background: In recent years, the need for new methods of water treatment on an industrial scale in order to compensate the shortage of water resources has become imperative. Among different methods, the use of adsorption in order to remove aqueous contaminates, including synthetic dyes, has been so effective. ...
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Background: In recent years, the need for new methods of water treatment on an industrial scale in order to compensate the shortage of water resources has become imperative. Among different methods, the use of adsorption in order to remove aqueous contaminates, including synthetic dyes, has been so effective. Methods: In this research, removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by concrete modified with rubber powder has been studied. In order to achieve the maximum efficiency of malachite green removal, the impact of different parameters such as initial concentration of malachite green, pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time was studied using batch experimental method. Results: According to the results, optimum conditions of MG removal were pH of 9, initial concentration of 30 ppm, rubber powder dosage of 35% of sand weight, and contact time of 90 min. Results of compressive strength test have shown that compressive strength of concrete with 35 wt.% of rubber powder reduced 84.13% compared to simple concrete. The removal percentage of MG is 98.33% when the surface of concrete is covered by rubber powder. Experimental data corresponded with pseudo-first order equation with R2= 0.93, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms with R2= 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. Real waste sample was used to confirm the application of concrete in ordinary conditions of wastewater basin in accordance with optimum conditions of kinetics wastewater. Elimination rate of MG happened in an optimum condition with real samples taken from industrial factory. Conclusion: Concrete modified with rubber powder has potentials for removal of MG dye from wastewater. Covering the concrete surface with rubber powder can be an innovative and useful solution for increasing the rate of elimination of pollutants and contaminants, cost reduction and accelerating the absorption process. Actually, it could be considered as one solution for managing waste rubber.
Original Article
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Khalil Safari; Nasrin Shokrpour; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Objective: Fars province in south Iran is an endemic focus of Leishmaniosis. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological status of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Fars province, South Iran, from 2007 to 2016.
Methods: This study was a retrospective-analytical cross-sectional study. The study ...
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Objective: Fars province in south Iran is an endemic focus of Leishmaniosis. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological status of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Fars province, South Iran, from 2007 to 2016.
Methods: This study was a retrospective-analytical cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of all people with Leishmaniasis, who referred to the infectious disease center in four cities of Larestan, south Fars province, from 2007 to 2016. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used in data analysis. The significance level was considered as 5%.
Results: In the period 2007-2016, 4599 cases of cutaneous Leishmaniosis were registered. The highest number of cases occurred in 2008. The mean age in 2007 and 2016 was 17.7±17.1 and 12.9±16.5, respectively. Women were the majority of cases, from 2007 to 2012. Hand ulcers were the most prevalent part of the body in all these years, except 2016. In terms of seasonal distribution, most of the cases occurred in winter and the least in summer. Afghan and Pakistani immigrants produced the majority of cases.
Conclusion: The trend of cutaneous Leishmaniosis has declined in Larestan city from 2007 to 2016. However, Leishmaniosis is still a major public health problem. Since the majority of cases were related to Afghan and Pakistani immigrants, it is necessary to ward off these people
Original Article
Hamed Delam; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Abstract
Introduction: Elderly people face many challenges and these problems make them vulnerable to various types of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of anxiety and depression in the elderly people who referred to the health center of Larestan city in 2019. Methods: ...
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Introduction: Elderly people face many challenges and these problems make them vulnerable to various types of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of anxiety and depression in the elderly people who referred to the health center of Larestan city in 2019. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 109 elderly people were selected by convenience sampling from health center of Larestan city. Demographic information, Beck Depression Inventory and Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire were completed by the samples. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. In this study, a p-value of 0.05 was considered as statistically significant . Results: Out of 109 elderly people who participated in this study, 47 (43.1%) were male and 62 (56.9%) were female. The mean age of the men and women was 65.30±5.013 and 69.34±5.675 years, respectively. Most of the samples were married (79.80%) and illiterate (43.10%). The mean of depression, state and trait anxiety in men was 11.79±5.91, 33.02±11.56 and 34.19±13.50 respectively; also, the mean of depression, state and trait anxiety in women was 15.31±6.65, 40.68±12.44 and 40.82±12.29, respectively. The results of Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically significant relationship between gender and the level of depression, state and trait anxiety (P value<0.05). There was no significant relationship between depression, anxiety and other demographic variables (P value>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the high prevalence of depression and anxiety among the elderly under the study, especially among the elderly women; therefore, interventions are needed to reduce the stressors of the elderly people's lives.
Original Article
Azizolah Poormahmoodi; zahra sedaghat; Roksana Estakhrian Haghighi; Mohammad Fararouei
Abstract
Background: Young children are in the fundamentally important physical and cognitive growth phases of their life. Undermining the health issues of this critical segment of the population may seriously affect communities’ health and development. Linear growth among children is a fundamental health ...
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Background: Young children are in the fundamentally important physical and cognitive growth phases of their life. Undermining the health issues of this critical segment of the population may seriously affect communities’ health and development. Linear growth among children is a fundamental health index, which is affected by so many different factors. This study was carried out to evaluate the growth status of school-age children to identify some demographic and clinical factors that can predict linear growth among schoolchildren in the fourth largest Iranian city. Methods: The present retrospective cohort study was carried out on a large sample (n=2488)of female and male schoolchildren from the first (7-year-old) to the last year (12-year-old) of primary school in Shiraz, the capital of Fars province. Results: Adjusted for the other study variables, negative and significant associations were found between children’s height Z-score and family size (P<0.001); and the number of decayed teeth (P=0.03). However, a direct and significant association was found between father’s education and children’s height Z-score (P=0.01). Concerning their weight, paternal literacy was inversely associated with the children’s weight Z-score (P=0.002). A positive and significant association was also found between the birth order and children’s weight (P=0.04). Conclusion: Oral health is an important parameter in children’s growth and possibly development. Oral health services should be provided to children before school age.
Original Article
Vahid Gharibi; Mohammad Ghaedi Jahromi; Mohammad Reza Mohammadnia; Seyedeh Mahsa Hosseini Gharbi
Abstract
Background: Environmental risk assessment, the process of qualitative analysis of potential hazards and coefficients of potential risks in the project, as well as the vulnerability of a peripheral environment need to be taken into account. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify and investigate ...
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Background: Environmental risk assessment, the process of qualitative analysis of potential hazards and coefficients of potential risks in the project, as well as the vulnerability of a peripheral environment need to be taken into account. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify and investigate the potential hazards and make practical suggestions in order to eliminate or reduce the environmental hazards related to gas wells drilling effluents and wastewater in southern cities. Methods: This is an applied research using descriptive-analytical method. The required data were categorized into two groups including: a review of written sources and a field study of one of the oil and gas wells based on the available components and variables. Data analysis was done using EFMEA (Environmental Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) and the components and variables were analyzed using Analytic Network Process model (ANP). Analysis of variance and correlation coefficients were also used to investigate the relationship between the components. Finally, a strategy model was developed based on the studies conducted to determine the effectiveness of corrective and control measures. Results: Research findings based on EFMEA environmental risk assessment of oil and gas drilling effluents and wastewater showed that 83.4% of the risk scores, in this case, were placed at the medium risk level and 16.6% at the low-risk level. The results of the network analysis model also showed that drilling effluents and wastewater caused by drilling wells of Oil and Gas had the highest impact (0.124) on the degradation of vegetation and also on the destruction of the natural habitats in this region. Conclusion: Accordingly, some strategies such as integration of EFMEA and ANP Models which were developed to reduce the environmental crises in oil and gas drilling have been very useful and appropriate.
