Neda Amoori; Haydeh Ghajari; Belghis Afkaneh
Abstract
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) can cause complications and disorders in the future life of newborns. This study aimed to investigate maternal risk factors affecting low birth weight among term newborns in the affiliated cities of Abadan University of Medical Sciences based on a nested case-control ...
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Background: Low birth weight (LBW) can cause complications and disorders in the future life of newborns. This study aimed to investigate maternal risk factors affecting low birth weight among term newborns in the affiliated cities of Abadan University of Medical Sciences based on a nested case-control study.Methods: In this study, based on the nested case-control design, namely with the risk set sampling approach, the case and control groups were selected. All in-term newborns born since the beginning of 2018, with less than 2500g birth weight, were considered as the case group. Two were randomly selected as controls from newborns born in the same time frame and geographical location and with over 2500g birth weight. The selection ratio of the cases to control was 1:2. The questionnaires were completed from the beginning of 2019 to the end of 2020. To describe the data, descriptive statistical indicators including mean, standard deviation, frequency, and logistic regression were used in this method.Results: The results of this study indicate that the factors affecting LBW are maternal age, number of pregnancies, number of abortions, history of stillbirth, history of bleeding, mother’s BMI, number of births, twins, and gestational intervals.Conclusion: It is suggested that health policymakers should pay special attention to the necessary interventions for mothers with special pregnancy care conditions. In addition, it is necessary to pay more attention to the continuation and improvement of the quality of educational programs for health and medical personnel to increase the mothers’ awarenessregarding the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy.
Ehsan Bakhshi; Mojtaba Ahmadi; Reza Kalantari
Abstract
Background: Occupational health and safety is important for workers and their employers. Unfavorable safety climate can affect the workers' health and performance negatively. Job stress is a harmful pheromone in the industries that have been a concerning issue in recent years. This study aimed to determine ...
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Background: Occupational health and safety is important for workers and their employers. Unfavorable safety climate can affect the workers' health and performance negatively. Job stress is a harmful pheromone in the industries that have been a concerning issue in recent years. This study aimed to determine the safety climate and its effect on the workers' perceived stress in a tile industry in the west of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 135 employees working in a tile industry in the west of Iran in 2018. The data were collected using demographic characteristics, safety climate, and Cohen's perceived stress questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and leaner regression test using SPSS version 22 software. Results: The mean (SD) of safety climate was 3.06±0.55 (out of 5) and that of perceived stress was 26 ±8.22 (out of 56). A significant inverse relationship was found between safety climate and perceived stress (r=-0.240, p-value= 0.005). Safety climate was not significantly correlated with demographic features and background factors (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the level of safety climate was moderate to high; besides, the unfavorable safety climate can be a risk factor for perceived stress. Given the inverse relationship between safety climate and perceived stress, improving the staff's safety level by engineering and managerial interventions can be useful in improving the workers' health.
Zeinolabedin Mohammadi; Alijan Tabarraei; Fatemeh Ghorbani; Asghar Khajeh; Haji Gholi Kami; Saeed Shahabi; Urban Olsson
Abstract
Background: Bats are potential reservoir hosts for vector-bornediseases that can transmit many bacterial and viral agents tohumans. Fruit bats are considered reservoirs of many virusesand they are of major importance in the medical sciences forcontrolling and preventing vector-borne diseases. This studyaimed ...
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Background: Bats are potential reservoir hosts for vector-bornediseases that can transmit many bacterial and viral agents tohumans. Fruit bats are considered reservoirs of many virusesand they are of major importance in the medical sciences forcontrolling and preventing vector-borne diseases. This studyaimed to compare the morphological and genetic differences oftwo fruit bat species, Rousettus aegyptiacus and R. leschenaultiiin Iran, implying anessential need for taxonomic expertise inapplied medical sciences.Methods: In this experimental study, we collected and identified26 specimens of bats belonging to two fruit bat species from thesoutheast of Iran. The morphological and genetic differenceswere characterized between recently recorded migratory fruitbat R. leschenaultii and the morphologically similar and residentR. aegyptiacus. The haplotype network was generated usingthe program POPART. The nucleotide variation and populationdifferentiation were calculated in DNAsp. Furthermore, weconsidered additional records of 15 specimens from threewidespread bat species in the north of Iran.Results: Morphological characterization of two fruit batspecies showed R. aegyptiacus is larger than R. leschenaultiiin morphometric variables except tail length (TL) for bothsexes. The demographic analyses revealed that all haplotypesof R. leschenaulti formed a single haplogroup in the species’distributional range. In contrast, haplotypes of R. aegyptiacuswere divided into five haplogroups respecting taxa/localities. Theresults represent a strong signature of population expansion forthese two species of bats.Conclusion: Population of the fruit bats throughout their rangesin the Middle East may indicate an increased risk of the spread ofviral agents over time. Therefore, precise identification of hostsand vectors in applied medical sciences is essential to conductstandard procedures
Hamed Delam; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Ahmadreza Eidi
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine glands at any age and sex. The present study was designed to comprehensively identify the epidemiological status of thyroid cancer using the results of similar studies. Methods: The present study was an epidemiological review study. ...
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Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine glands at any age and sex. The present study was designed to comprehensively identify the epidemiological status of thyroid cancer using the results of similar studies. Methods: The present study was an epidemiological review study. Studies on the epidemiology of thyroid cancer between March 2020 and April 2020 were searched by two researchers at four Latin scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science). Persian and Latin articles about the epidemiology of thyroid cancer were included in the study. Results: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide; however, this type of cancer has a good survival rate. The most important risk factors for thyroid cancer include Ionizing radiation, diet, female gender, age, genetic background and race and ethnicity. Conclusion: The incidence of thyroid cancer in the world is increasing. Therefore, preventive and protective measures to reduce the risk factors of this cancer are recommended to reduce the incidence of the disease.
Niloofar Danehchin; Nahid Javadifar; Mina Iravani; Maryam Dastoorpoor
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the quality gap of maternity service in the labor and postpartum wards and its relationship with childbirth satisfaction.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 332 pregnant women referring to the labor and delivery wards of ...
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Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the quality gap of maternity service in the labor and postpartum wards and its relationship with childbirth satisfaction.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 332 pregnant women referring to the labor and delivery wards of the two selected hospitals affiliated to Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Pregnant mothers were selected by convenience sampling method and data were collected using SERVQUAL and Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale in labor and postpartum wards. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The quality gap of maternity service in the postpartum ward (-0.35) was higher than that in the labor ward (-0.28). There was a significant difference between the mothers’ expectations and perceptions in all dimensions of the SERVQUAL except for the responsiveness dimension. The highest and lowest gap in the quality of service in labor and postpartum wards was related to empathy (-0.41 and -0.48, respectively) and the responsiveness dimensions (-0.07 and -1, respectively). There was a significant inverse correlation between the gap in the empathy dimension with overall childbirth satisfaction in the labor ward. There was a correlation between empathy and overall childbirth satisfaction and the physician’s satisfaction in the postpartum ward (P<0.05).Conclusion: Empathy is the most important variable affecting the quality of services provided in the maternity wards and it is necessary to improve this skill in maternity health care providers.
Masoud Yousefi; Kourosh Rahmani; Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh; Sima Sabzalipour; Gholamreza Goudarzi
Abstract
Background: The production and consumption of pharmaceutical compounds, including antibiotics, and their entry into the environment have raised concerns for experts. It is important to find appropriate methods for treatment of these pollutants from aquatic environments. In this study, nano-persulfate ...
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Background: The production and consumption of pharmaceutical compounds, including antibiotics, and their entry into the environment have raised concerns for experts. It is important to find appropriate methods for treatment of these pollutants from aquatic environments. In this study, nano-persulfate process using green synthesis of zero iron nanoparticles was used in decomposition of the antibiotic Metronidazole (MNZ). Methods: In this study, first, zero iron nanoparticles were synthesized using oak leaves. Then, the characteristics of these nanoparticles were determined using electronic images such as SEM, and TEM. In the experimental part of the study, the effect of operating conditions such as nZVI dosage, persulfate concentration and pH of the PS/nZVI process on degradation of MNZ in aqueous solution Was examined. Results: The results of this study showed that the PS/nZVI process had an acidic nature for removal of MNZ. The optimal conditions for this process were: the dosage of nZVI was 1.8 g/l, the concentration of persulfate was 1.5 mg/l, and pH was 3 for the degradation of 50 mg/l MNZ at contact time of 90 min. The maximum MNZ removal efficiency using PS / NZVI process was about 98.4 % in these conditions. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the synthesis of green zero iron nanoparticles is an economical and environmentally friendly method that can be used to remove MNZ from aqueous solutions.
Masumeh Daliri; Hesamuddin Taheri; Mohammad Fararouei
Abstract
Background: The incidence of traffic accidents in Iran is significantly higher than the global average (more than 17000 deaths a year, mostly young adults). The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of high-risk drivers based on their observable driving behaviors, police records, and car ...
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Background: The incidence of traffic accidents in Iran is significantly higher than the global average (more than 17000 deaths a year, mostly young adults). The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of high-risk drivers based on their observable driving behaviors, police records, and car condition in Fars province (Iran).Methods: In this case-control study, an interviewer interviewed a random sample (about 1 in 5 of the drivers) of all drivers who were referred to Shiraz traffic accident court from March 21, 2021, to June 21, 2021, due to being involved in a traffic accident. Based on the police report, we interviewed at-fault drivers who caused injurious or fatal traffic accidents as the case group (200 at-fault drivers) and those not-at-fault drivers as the control group (200 not-at-fault drivers). No matching was done. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire filled out through face-to-face interviews with the drivers. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, the statistical analyses were conducted in R 4.0.2 software.Results: In this study, a total of 400 drivers were interviewed, of whom 367 (91.8%) were male. The mean ages of the case and control groups were 32.35 years (SD=9.84) and 31.75 (SD=10.33) years, respectively (P>0.05). In addition, 102 (51.0%) and 95 (47.5%) drivers were married in the case and control groups, respectively. Based on the results of a multiple logistic regression model, statistically significant associations were observed between the risk of being the at-fault driver in an injurious or fatal traffic accident and receiving a traffic ticket due to speedingovertaking (ORspeeding overtaking/no ticket=3.38, 95%CI: 1.75, 6.49, P<0.001), self-reported high-speed driving (ORyes/no=2.41, 95%CI: 1.25, 4.63, P=0.008), and having a history of car accident within the recent two years (ORyes/no=1.87, 95%CI: 1.11, 3.14, P=0.017).Conclusion: Our study suggested that among several potential factors, recently receiving traffic tickets due to speeding or overtaking, self-reported speed driving, and recent car accidents may effectively be used to screen out high-risk drivers who will probably cause injurious or fatal car accidents in the future. Intervention measures for the defined high-risk drivers including closer supervision and training programs may reduce the risk of fatal accidents in Iran.
Mohammad Ebrahimi; Marziyeh Hamyali Ainvan,; Mohsen Kalantari; Kourosh Azizi
Abstract
Background: Scorpions are a group of poisonous invertebrates that are widely distributed in the Middle East countries including Iran. They cause serious injuries and death to humans and domestic animals in Fars province. These arthropods are settled in subtropical regions of the province. Methods: In ...
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Background: Scorpions are a group of poisonous invertebrates that are widely distributed in the Middle East countries including Iran. They cause serious injuries and death to humans and domestic animals in Fars province. These arthropods are settled in subtropical regions of the province. Methods: In this study, a total of 35 out of 430 Mesobuthus eupeus, including 15 males and 20 females, were selected, and then their major morphometric characteristics including the whole body length, pedipalp length, length and width of carapace, leg segments, abdomen, and tail segments, as well as the size of the poison gland, pectinal organ length, and pectinal tooth count were measured using a Collis-Vernier caliper scale. Results: The measurements of different body parts were bigger in females than in males, except that pectinal tooth count in males (26.93mm±.88) was greater than that in females (22.20±1.00). The number of simple eyes on each side did not differ between males and females. Other features showed to be higher for females than males. Conclusion: The results of the main morphometric features showed that the mean scores of the characters, except for the pectinal tooth count, in female M. eupeus species were bigger than those in male ones. The findings of this study are suggested to be used to provide a valid identification key for scorpions in Iran.
Navid Mohammadi; Zahra Soroosh; Marzieh Nojomi; Maryam Motamedkhah
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease, the first leading cause of death worldwide, is associated with different consequences, including rehospitalization. Health literacy (HL) is a factor with potential effects on rehospitalization. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HL and rehospitalization ...
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Background: Cardiovascular disease, the first leading cause of death worldwide, is associated with different consequences, including rehospitalization. Health literacy (HL) is a factor with potential effects on rehospitalization. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HL and rehospitalization among patients with myocardial infarction (MI).Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in 2015–2017. Participants were 366 hospitalized patients with MI who were conveniently recruited from four teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A demographic questionnaire and the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults instrument were completed for participants at the time of their hospital discharge. One month after hospital discharge, thirty-day rehospitalization was assessed over telephone. The SPSS program (v. 16.0) was used to analyze the data through the Chi-square test, independent-sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis.Results: T he t otal m ean s core o f H L w as 5 3.08±16.64 ( in the possible range of 0–100). Most participants (78.6%) had inadequate or barely adequate HL. At the time of rehospitalization assessment, fifteen participants were inaccessible. Among the remaining 351 participants, 28 (8%) reported thirty-day rehospitalization. The mean scores of HL among the participants with and without rehospitalization were 55.36±19.06 and 53.08±16.53, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting the effects of potential confounders, HL had a significant relationship with rehospitalization (odds ratio=1.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.007–1.1; P=0.024).Conclusion: Most hospitalized patients with MI have limited HL, and their HL has a significant relationship with rehospitalization.
Zahra Maleki; Haleh Ghaem; Mozhgan Seif; Sedigheh Foruhari
Abstract
Introduction: Therapeutic Abortion (TA) has been defined as termination of pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation in order to save the mother’s life and prevent birth defects.The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of TA and its related maternal-fetal risk factors.
Methods: This ...
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Introduction: Therapeutic Abortion (TA) has been defined as termination of pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation in order to save the mother’s life and prevent birth defects.The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of TA and its related maternal-fetal risk factors.
Methods: This historical cohort study reviewed 11000 birth records. Among these reviewed records, 83 cases of TA were identified. Then, for each case, three controls of live infants born in the same hospital on the same day were selected and matched for gestational age. We used a researcher-made questionnaire for data collection.
Results: The cumulative incidence of TA was computed 7.54 per 1000 live births. The results of multiple Cox regression model revealed that four risk factors including male gender; parental consanguinity; maternal diseases including gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, infertility, the use of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and urinary tract infection; and maternal medication consumption increased the risk of TA (all hazard ratios > 1: p<0.05).
Conclusion: For the first time, we assessed the incidence of TA through this population-based cohort study in Iran. Importantly, parental consanguinity was one of the predictors of TA revealed in this study. Identification of the causes of TA would prevent the birth of infants with congenital anomalies.
Masoomeh Ghanavat Amani; Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh
Abstract
Background: The main aspect of water purification to serve the human drinking purpose is the elimination of microbial agents and pathogens using the disinfectants. Although chemicals such as chlorine are the most common water disinfectants, the researchers have always sought to identify and ...
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Background: The main aspect of water purification to serve the human drinking purpose is the elimination of microbial agents and pathogens using the disinfectants. Although chemicals such as chlorine are the most common water disinfectants, the researchers have always sought to identify and introduce new disinfectants due to the formation of potentially carcinogenic byproducts. Owing to the high efficiency and lack of hazardous residues, nanoparticles have recently been used in many scientific activities. Objectives: In this study conducted in summer 2018, the copper and silver nanoparticles were used to remove Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella from the synthetic and real samples. Methods: This experimental study was performed on Nano particles and by adding nanoparticles to samples (real and synthetic), the efficiency of removal of E. coli and Klebsiella was measured by MPN and pure plate methods. Results: By optimizing the conditions, in 200 ppm concentration as 2ml with pH=7, it has the highest removal rate of 99.25% for E. coli, and in 250ppm concentration as 1.5 ml with pH = 7, it has the removal rate of 81.25% for Klebsiella. Conclusions: In this case study, we found that using Nano particles led to high level of efficiency at a short time; moreover, they were cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
Mohsen Kalantari; Qasem Asgari; Khadijeh Rostami; Shahrbano Naderi; Iraj Mohammadpour; Masoud Yousefi; Mohammad Hassan Davami; Kourosh Azizi
Abstract
Background: Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were identified in female university students referred to Valie-Asr hospital of Mamasani from Azad and Payame-Noor Universities, using serological and molecular methods. Methods: Based on the prevalence and characteristics method, 504 serum samples were collected ...
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Background: Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were identified in female university students referred to Valie-Asr hospital of Mamasani from Azad and Payame-Noor Universities, using serological and molecular methods. Methods: Based on the prevalence and characteristics method, 504 serum samples were collected from female university students, during 2015, and evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immun-Sorbent Assay (ELISA), Modified Agglutination Test (MAT), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based on B1 gene for detection of Toxoplasma gondii. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software. Results: Out of 504 studied female students, 27 (5.36%) and 36 (7.14%) cases were found to be positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies by MAT and ELISA, respectively. Moreover, 5 (0.99%) cases were found to be positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM. PCR detected the Toxoplasma DNA in 58 out of 504 (11.51%) samples. Conclusions: Findings of the current study revealed that Toxoplasma was a common infection among female university students in Mamasani district in Fars province. Seronegative individuals are at risk for the disease, as well as congenital toxoplasmosis in later stages of their life. Preventive measures should be taken to reduce the rate of infection.
Parisa Naseri; Bahman Ahadinejad; Mohammad Amerzadeh; Fariba Hashemi; Sima Rafiei
Abstract
Background: Ensuring equal utilization of health services has always been a priority in health systems globally. Iran implemented reforms such as the Health Transformation Plan (HTP), in which one objective was to reduce inequity in access to inpatient and outpatient services. These studies aimed to ...
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Background: Ensuring equal utilization of health services has always been a priority in health systems globally. Iran implemented reforms such as the Health Transformation Plan (HTP), in which one objective was to reduce inequity in access to inpatient and outpatient services. These studies aimed to measure inequality in health services utilization in Qazvin, Iran, and clarify inpatient and outpatient utilization patterns among socioeconomic subgroups of the population.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 442 households living in Qazvin, Iran, in 2019. We collected data using a tool that included demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and health services utilization. We applied the concentration index to measure inequality and performed data analysis using STATA 15.Results: Based on our estimates, the utilization rates of outpatient and inpatient services in the study sample were 0.89±1.39 and 0.45±0.94, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the use of outpatient healthcare services in terms of gender and insurance coverage of the households, while literacy, age, and health condition had statistically significant effects on inpatient healthcare utilization (P<0.05). Furthermore, the marginal effects of age and literacy on the utilization of outpatient services were statistically significant (P<0.05), so that literacy and aging increased the outpatient HSU. Except for age, the marginal effects of other characteristics on the utilization of inpatient services were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our findings indicated that inequality in healthcare utilization reduced over time, showing that in addition to reducing inequality in HSU, population groups with lower socio-economic status have benefited more from both inpatient and outpatient services.
Kourosh Azizi; Hedayat Dorzaban; Aboozar Soltani; Hamzeh Alipour; Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi; Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri; Tahereh Mohammadi; Zahra Fereydouni; Azim 0000-0002-4167-5843 Paksa
Abstract
Background: Aedes mosquitoes transmit important arboviral diseases such as dengue to humans. This study was conducted to determine dengue virus infection in Aedes mosquitoes, emphasizing Aedes aegypti by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay from different regions in Southern Iran.Methods: ...
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Background: Aedes mosquitoes transmit important arboviral diseases such as dengue to humans. This study was conducted to determine dengue virus infection in Aedes mosquitoes, emphasizing Aedes aegypti by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay from different regions in Southern Iran.Methods: Aedes samples were collected by standard methods from different habitats of Hormozgan province, Southern Iran, in 2016-2017, and identified by morphological characteristics. In this study, TissueLyserII was used to homogenize the collected mosquitoes. In addition, the RT-PCR technique was used to identify dengue virus RNA.Results: Overall, 1351 larval and adult Aedes mosquitoes were collected from five sites in Hormozgan Province, including 452 adults and 899 larvae. Five species from Aedes genera were collected (Ae. aegypti, Ae. vittatus, Ae. caballus, Ae. caspius, Ae. vexans). The investigations of dengue virus infection in Aedes mosquitoes showed no dengue virus infection in this species.Conclusion: This study provides important information about Aedes mosquitoes. Vector control strategies must be emphasized and prioritized. Such actions prevent the establishment of Aedes mosquitoes and the spread of arboviral diseases in new areas. In addition, early detection of arboviruses in vectors and entomological monitoring can enhance the control measures for arbovirus diseases.
Jalal Saem; Hajar Haghshenas; Fateme Zare Qashlaghi; Fatemeh Mohseni; Rouhollah Rouhandeh; Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Amirhossein Saem
Abstract
Background: There are still conflicting results on thepostoperative consequences of patients with hip and femoralfractures based on the type of anesthesia. The aim of this studywas to compare mortality and morbidity of general and spinalanesthesia in patients undergoing hip and femoral fractures.Methods: ...
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Background: There are still conflicting results on thepostoperative consequences of patients with hip and femoralfractures based on the type of anesthesia. The aim of this studywas to compare mortality and morbidity of general and spinalanesthesia in patients undergoing hip and femoral fractures.Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, the informationof 93 patients who had undergone hip and femoral surgery withgeneral and spinal anesthesia was studied during 2011-2019 inthe medical records by census method. Data were analyzed usingSPSS 23 software and descriptive and analytical statistics.Results: The general anesthesia group consisted of 29 patientsand the spinal anesthesia group included 64 patients. The twogroups were the same in terms of demographic information,preoperative hemodynamic variables, and previous medicalhistory. The results of the independent t-test with a significancelevel of 5% did not show a significant difference between thetwo groups in the following variables: mean duration of surgeryand duration of anesthesia, mean arterial pressure and heartrate after surgery, changes in blood pressure, and heart rateduring surgery, bleeding, intravenous fluids and blood productsintake, postoperative hemoglobin, number of days hospitalizedin the Intensive Care Unit and surgical ward. The mean postoperative mean arterial pressure score in the general anesthesiagroup was significantly higher than the spinal group (P=0.004).Complications and mortality after surgery did not differ betweenthe two types of anesthesia.Conclusion: In general, these two methods of anesthesia do notdiffer from each other in terms of postoperative complications andmortality, and physicians can choose the appropriate anesthesiamethod according to the specific conditions of the patients
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Mona Bahmaninejad; Seyede Fatemeh Ahmadpoori; Amir Mansouri; Somayeh Azimi; Fatemeh Ghanbaripour; Mozhgan Jokar; Hamed Delam
Abstract
Background: Teachers' motivation towards their jobs is one of the major challenges in educational systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the motivation of teachers towards their job. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The participants consisted of all teachers of secondary school ...
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Background: Teachers' motivation towards their jobs is one of the major challenges in educational systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the motivation of teachers towards their job. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The participants consisted of all teachers of secondary school of Bandar Lengeh city in 2016. The sample size of the study was 45 for teachers. The teachers were recruited through census sampling. Data were collected using the Hackman and Oldham's Job Motivation Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 25 software. Results: Of the 45 teachers, 41 (92%) were married and 4 (8%) were single; also, 29 subjects (64%) were males. The majority of teachers were (no:19, 43%) between the ages of 31 and 40 years. 64% of the teachers had a bachelor's degree. 18% of them had low job motivation, 44% had moderate and 38% had high job motivation. The results of the T-test did not show a statistically significant difference between the teachers of public and gifted students schools (p value>0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study show that the teachers' job motivation is important in their productivity. It is suggested that targeted and effective programs should be implemented to promote the mental health of this important group of society.
Sanaz Amiri; Forough Saki; Mozhgan Seif; Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
Abstract
Background: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is known as a chronic autoimmune disease with an increasing prevalence and incidence. This study was conducted to determine the incidence rate and prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes in Iran in 2016 and 2017. ...
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Background: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is known as a chronic autoimmune disease with an increasing prevalence and incidence. This study was conducted to determine the incidence rate and prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes in Iran in 2016 and 2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of IDDM in insured subjects under the age of 19 was measured through the prescribed insulin in two consecutive years. In this study, we assumed that IDDM patients are those who receive at least one prescription containing any insulin over 2 years in insurance databases. This study was carried out on 98% of patients under age 19, and the prevalence and incidence of IDDM were calculated. Finally, the result of this method was compared with Integrated Health System (IHS) databases. Results: In general, 1,135,105 insured persons under 19 years of age were enrolled in this study, and the prevalence rates of IDDM in subjects under 19 were 117.6 (111.5-124.2) and 136.8 (130.1-143.8) per 100,000 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The incidence rate of this disease was 27.4 (24.6-30.8) per 100,000. The highest incidence and prevalence were significantly observed in the age group of 14-19 years. The prevalence of IDDM was not significantly different between boys and girls. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the method of prescription follow up was appropriate, acceptable, convenient, and accurate. Our findings showed that the incidence and prevalence of IDDM in this method were in line with other worldwide reliable and accurate reports, even in the developed countries. The results of the present study showed that the prevalence and incidence rate of IDDM in Iran (Fars province) is at an intermediate level.
Hamid Amoozgar; Effat Majidi; Nima Mehdizadegan; Mohammad Reza Edraki; Amir Naghshzan; Hamid Mohammadi
Abstract
Background: Pacemaker implantation is an effective life-long treatment in patients with atrioventricular block to generate a reliable heartbeat. Choosing between epicardial and endocardial (trans-venous) techniques in children is based on the cardiac center experience and each technique has some benefits ...
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Background: Pacemaker implantation is an effective life-long treatment in patients with atrioventricular block to generate a reliable heartbeat. Choosing between epicardial and endocardial (trans-venous) techniques in children is based on the cardiac center experience and each technique has some benefits and risks. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, we reviewed file-records of 186 under 18- year-old patients who underwent cardiac pacemaker implantation due to atrioventricular block. All of endocardial implantations had been performed by experienced pediatric cardiologists and all epicardial pacemakers by experienced cardiac surgeon from 2006 to 2018 in Namazi and Faghihi hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. Results: One hundred and five patients had epicardial pacemaker and 81 patients had endocardial pacemaker. One hundred and seventy-eight patients had postoperative complete heart block after correction of congenital cardiac abnormality due to the destruction of conductive pathway. Eight patients were born with complete heart block. Four (2.15%) patients in the endocardial group developed pacemaker related infection. Two (1%) patients had sudden cardiac death after pacemaker insertion in the follow-up; Medtronic single chamber pacemaker was inserted for one patient who had complete heart block after surgical ventricular septal defect closure. However, a month later she expired due to sudden cardiac arrest during exercise and one patient after correction of complete atrio-ventricular septal defect had pacemaker insertion and sudden death, 3 months after pace insertion (1.12%); none of them had history of palpitation, syncope, arrhythmia in their post-operation electrocardiography, or tachycardia in their pacemaker analysis. Conclusion: In Conclusion, epicardial pacemaker has a noticeable battery longevity in comparison to endocardial pacemakers and fewer valvular complications and endocarditis cases. Also, it appears that increasing size and vessel stiffness followed by aging can prime better vascular access and less lead malfunction in older pediatrics in endocardial approach; however, the site of ventricular pacing is still a puzzle because of the effect of pacing site on left ventricle synchrony and ejection fraction.
Mustafa Ali Hasan; Wissam Abdul-Ameer Ali; Rajaa Ahmed Mahmoud
Abstract
Background: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is one of the most frequent issues that hospitals are faced with in every country worldwide. Nurses are an essential part of the medical workforce that play a special role in preventing the transmission of infections within hospitals by implementation of ...
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Background: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is one of the most frequent issues that hospitals are faced with in every country worldwide. Nurses are an essential part of the medical workforce that play a special role in preventing the transmission of infections within hospitals by implementation of infection prevention standard precautions. This study aimed to assess the level of nurses’ practice regarding standard precautions.Methods: 400 nurses from eight hospitals in Babil governorate are included in this cross-sectional study. To assess the knowledge and practice levels, was used an interview questionnaire. SPSS- 27 was used to analyze the data collected from September 2022 to March 2023.Results: Among 400 nurses, the mean age was 29.07 years and a large number of them (43.8%) had a diploma; while most of nurses had less than 5 years of work experience, the main result revealed that 51.5% of them had poor practice regarding standard precautions.Conclusion: The majority of nurses did not always practice these precautions, so there is a need to hold educational courses and training workshops for nurses to improve their practice of these measures.
Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan; Hamed Delam; Amir Mansouri; Mozhgan Jokar; Esmaeil Kavi; Omid Soufi
Abstract
Background: Since psychological well-being can predict the individuals’ suicidal ideation, therapeutic interventions such as reminiscence can be helpful for these persons. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of reminiscence intervention on psychological well-being among individuals with ...
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Background: Since psychological well-being can predict the individuals’ suicidal ideation, therapeutic interventions such as reminiscence can be helpful for these persons. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of reminiscence intervention on psychological well-being among individuals with a history of suicide attempt.Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. The population of this study consisted of individuals who had attempted suicide and referred to public hospitals in Shiraz. The sample size in each control and experimental group was estimated to be 20 people.Results: The comparison of the mean score of depression in the intervention and control groups showed that the two groups did not have a significant difference before the intervention (P=0.414), while immediately after the intervention (P<0.001) and one month after it (P=0.003) a significant difference was observed. Also, the mean score of anxiety immediately after the intervention and one month after the intervention was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P<0.05). In the stage immediately after the intervention, the comparison of the mean scores of self-esteem in the intervention and control groups showed a significant relationship (P=0.019).Conclusion: It can be said that this intervention has been effective in reducing the symptoms of anxiety and depression and increasing the self-esteem of people who have a history of attempted suicide.
Nasim Salehi; Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor; Mohammadreza Shirdarreh
Abstract
Background: Pyrene is one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that has carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects for living organisms. Landfill leachate is another environmental pollutant that covers a wide range of pollutants, especially heavy metals. The simultaneous presence of two types ...
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Background: Pyrene is one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that has carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects for living organisms. Landfill leachate is another environmental pollutant that covers a wide range of pollutants, especially heavy metals. The simultaneous presence of two types of pollutants with organic and inorganic structures can increase their toxicity. Methods: In this experimental study, the single and simultaneous effect of Landfill leachate and pyrene on plant growth parameters and the number of heterotrophic soil bacteria was investigated. The study was conducted for 90 days at concentrations of 150, 300, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg-1 of pyrene and percentages 0, 30, 50, 70 and 100% of landfill leachate. Results: The results showed that after 90 days, the highest dry stem and root biomass were obtained in irrigation treatment with pyrene and Landfill leachate (Blank)-non-contaminated municipal water with quantities of 8.2 and 3.5 g, respectively; moreover, the lowest stem and root biomass related to the treatment were observed in the simultaneous presence of 30% leachate and pyrene with a concentration of 300 mg/kg-1 with quantities of 5 and 1.8 g, respectively. Leachate did not produce any biological toxicity at any of the surfaces used, but the use of pyrene at concentrations of 1500 mg/kg-1 and above reduced the number of heterotrophic bacteria. Conclusion: According to the results, the simultaneous presence of the two pollutants, pyrene and leachate, exacerbates the phytotoxicity due to possible interactions between them. Pyrene as a carbon source is decomposed by bacteria at low concentrations, but it inhibits metabolism and growth at high concentrations.
Sanjiv Srivastava; Alpana Srivastava; Sandeep Tiwari
Abstract
Objective
To study the changes in quality of life (QoL) domains in breast cancer patients during the treatment and follow-up.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire. In the ...
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Objective
To study the changes in quality of life (QoL) domains in breast cancer patients during the treatment and follow-up.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire. In the first part, demography, disease and treatment details and related information were collected. In the second part, a validated scale developed by Ferrel for evaluating QoL of breast cancer patients was used. Over 150 patients diagnosed with breast cancer at King George Medical University, Lucknow, India (KGMU) were sampled. Baseline along with two follow-ups were done for the same patient to see the changes in QoL’s domains during treatment. Analysis of variance technique (ANOVA) was used to see the association between QoL domains and effect of treatment.
Results
A total of 150 patients were interviewed and their average QoL index was built by using index number approach. Average QoL was found to be 0.3433 during baseline which mildly improved in the first follow-up to 0.3744 and more in the second follow-up to 0.419. The major reason is that 74% belonged to low economic status and occurrence of cancer further deteriorated the situation for them. During the adjuvant treatment, though it deteriorated their physical condition, hope of getting better improved psychological conditions and after nine months of treatment their both conditions improved. Major factors which affected quality of life of patients during the treatment were fatigue, pain, and fear of recurrence and spread of cancer.
Conclusion
Geographical area, socioeconomic status, education, and type of treatment, especially non-adjuvant and adjuvant therapy, significantly affect QoL among breast cancer patients. To develop a customized intervention, psychological counselling centres are the need of the hour.
Abiodun Ebenezer Kolapo; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Temitope Olajumoke Omoju; Olugbenga Adeola Odukanmi; Dayo Olufemi Akanbi; James Olatunde Okediran; Muhammad Shakir Balogun
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 information among Nigerian youths. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among 817 National Youth Service Corps members. Participants’ overall general knowledge about COVID-19 was ...
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Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and sources of COVID-19 information among Nigerian youths. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among 817 National Youth Service Corps members. Participants’ overall general knowledge about COVID-19 was assessed using nine questions that consisted of general knowledge on the cause, origin, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, availability of a potent vaccine and specific therapy, prevention strategies of COVID-19 and knowledge of proper handwashing practices. P-values Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24.1± 2 years, 317 (41.2%) were males, and 73 (8.9%) had studied a health-related course. Of the 754 respondents who responded to the COVID-19 knowledge questions, 187 (24.8%) had general knowledge about COVID-19, while 280 (37.1%) had knowledge in all domains; mode of spread, symptoms and signs, and prevention of COVID-19. Among the respondents, 129 (40.7%) males had satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 (p=0.070), while 38 participants (52.1%) who had studied a health-related course had satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 (p=0.003). Regarding the knowledge of handwashing, 184 (58%) males displayed satisfactory knowledge (p=0.007). Social media (64.4%) and television (58%) were the main sources of COVID-19 information. Respondents who had studied a health-related course were twice likely to have satisfactory knowledge of COVID-19 (AOR=2, 95% CI=1.25-2.5 p=0.003,) and six times likely to have satisfactory knowledge of handwashing (AOR=5.6, 95%CI=3.3-10.0, p=<0.0001). Conclusion: Utilization of both social media and the mainstream mass media in disseminating health education information and correcting fake news and misconceptions is needed. Health promotion strategies should be organized for all youths, especially among those who have no previous education in the health and allied courses.
Mojtaba Khadem Al-Hosseini; Mostafa Lotfi; Farzaneh Mohammadi; Gordon A Ferns; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Today, the use of social media for health care advice has become more popular. The present study aimed to evaluate the opinions of Iranian dietitians on virtual nutritional counseling on the Instagram platform.Methods: The present descriptive, cross-sectional study enrolled Iranian dietitians ...
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Background: Today, the use of social media for health care advice has become more popular. The present study aimed to evaluate the opinions of Iranian dietitians on virtual nutritional counseling on the Instagram platform.Methods: The present descriptive, cross-sectional study enrolled Iranian dietitians working in the field of nutrition counseling using Instagram. The link to an online questionnaire including questions on their activity in virtual counseling on Instagram and the challenges of virtual counseling was sent to the 131 participants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and interpret the data.Results: Out of 163 dietitians, 131 participated in the study. 47.3% started virtual counseling during COVID-19, and 35.2% had more virtual clients. 58.8% preferred face-to-face counseling for concept transfer, and 43.5% found it more effective. Text and voice messaging were the most practical methods for virtual counseling, with weight loss being the most common topic.Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual nutritional counseling became more widespread. However, it is believed that face-to-face counseling is more effective in conveying concepts. For virtual platforms, text messaging is the most practical method for nutrition counseling, followed by voice messaging. It has been observed that the elderly have been the least likely people to seek virtual nutrition counseling, while weight loss counseling has been the most frequently requested topic.
Leila Ghavami; Tayebeh Rakhshani; Zahra Motlagh; Aboubakr Jafarnejad; Azizallah Dehghan
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to compare the effect face-to -face and distance learning on knowledge, attitude and practice of females about breastfeeding in Shiraz, Iran.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Shiraz, Iran in 2019 on 313 women who were referred to health centers ...
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Background: The present study aimed to compare the effect face-to -face and distance learning on knowledge, attitude and practice of females about breastfeeding in Shiraz, Iran.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Shiraz, Iran in 2019 on 313 women who were referred to health centers (93 face-to face group, 105 distance learning group, and 115 control group). The study outcomes included knowledge, attitude, and practice of the women about breastfeeding which were measured at the onset and one-month post-intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software.Results: Mean changes of knowledge and attitude were significantly higher in the face-to-face and distance learning intervention groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Mean practice changes from the baseline until one month after the intervention was significantly higher in the face to-face intervention group compared to the control group (P=0.015) and in the face-to-face intervention group compared to the distance learning intervention group (P=0.002).Conclusion: The present study showed that both face-to-face and distance learning breastfeeding interventions effectively increased the mothers’ knowledge and attitudes, and that faceto- face intervention would led to improved practice.
