Review Articles
Farhad Ghamari; Hamed Jafari-Vayghan; Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani
Abstract
Background: Recent studies show that the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems among shift workers is much higher than that of day workers. The present study was conducted to summarize the findings of previous related studies regarding shift work and peptic ulcers.Methods: This is a systematic review ...
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Background: Recent studies show that the prevalence of gastrointestinal problems among shift workers is much higher than that of day workers. The present study was conducted to summarize the findings of previous related studies regarding shift work and peptic ulcers.Methods: This is a systematic review study in which observational studies with English full text were included. Three international databases including PubMed, Web of Science (Clarivate analytics) and Scopus were searched to find relevant articles. Searches were done on August 04, 2023. Related studies were identified, and then the required data were extracted and qualitatively synthesized.Results: The total number of potentially eligible articles retrieved was 73. Fifty-three titles, abstracts, and full text remained for further screening after the removal of duplicate records. Of these, 45 did not meet the inclusion criteria; finally, 8 articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. Of the eight included studies, five revealed a significant positive association between shift work and peptic ulcer. The difference in peptic ulcer prevalence was more than twice as high between shift workers and daytime workers in some studies.Conclusion: This systematic review identified a higher incidence of peptic ulcers among shift workers than day workers. It is necessary to provide a counseling system such as antiinflammatory dietary recommendations, modify food habits, highly support the job, and modify work structures to improve coping skills that may weaken the peptic ulcer disease prevalence among shift workers.
Review Articles
Leila Moghari; Armin Ebrahimzadeh; Zahra Shamekhi; Nasrin Sharifi
Abstract
Background: There is a lack of summarized reports of the relationship between dietary acid load (DAL) and bone health in post-menopausal women. Therefore, we aimed to design a systematic review and summarize eligible studies evaluating this association.Methods: The present study was a systematic review. ...
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Background: There is a lack of summarized reports of the relationship between dietary acid load (DAL) and bone health in post-menopausal women. Therefore, we aimed to design a systematic review and summarize eligible studies evaluating this association.Methods: The present study was a systematic review. From the literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Medline until March 2020, six studies comprising 2 crosssectionals, 2 cohorts, and 2 randomized control trials were selected and included in this study.Results: Four studies revealed a significant correlation between DAL and osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. In two reviewed studies, a significant association was seen between DAL and BMD, but in this association was not obtained in n another study. In addition, out of two randomized clinical studies (RCTs), one showed positive changes in bone markers when PRAL was decreased; however, no change was obtained in another RCT.Conclusion: The present study showed that post-menopausal women, especially those with a fracture history, may have a greater susceptibility to osteoporosis because of the detrimental effect of dietary acidity. In addition, DAL rather than protein might be the main risk factor for bone loss in this population. It should be noted that insufficient calcium intake may exacerbate bone loss following a high protein–high acid ash diet in these women.
Review Articles
Raziyeh Janizadeh; Ashkan Jafari Malek Abad; Mehdi Jahangiri
Abstract
Background: Since the coronavirus spread in Iran, almost all healthcare workers (HCWs) have been fighting this disease. Due to the high workload, high prevalence of the virus, lack of specific treatment, and the uncertainty of the end of this epidemic, they experienced difficult working conditions, which ...
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Background: Since the coronavirus spread in Iran, almost all healthcare workers (HCWs) have been fighting this disease. Due to the high workload, high prevalence of the virus, lack of specific treatment, and the uncertainty of the end of this epidemic, they experienced difficult working conditions, which resulted in psychological consequences. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the psychological effects of COVID-19 on health care workers (HCWs). Awareness of their psychological status will help to suggest strategies to improve the situation.Methods: In this systematic review, the published articles up to August 2022 were systematically searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The following search strategy was used for searching related papers in all databases: “COVID- 19” OR “SARS-COV-2” AND “Psychological” OR “Stress” OR “depression” AND “Healthcare workers” AND “Iran”.Results: The studies showed that psychological problems increased in Iranian HCWs during the pandemic. The most prevalent issues were anxiety (40%-97.24%), stress (27.8%- 48.97%), and depression (35.1%-38.71%). They also suffered from insomnia, PSTD, and burnout. Factors such as gender, age groups, history of physical illnesses, and history of psychiatric were associated with these problems.Conclusion: HCWs are exposed to psychological and mental issues. Thus, taking measures that protect them in both physical and psychological dimensions is very important. Implications for nursing management: the findings showed HCWs were more vulnerable to adverse psychological effects such as anxiety, stress, and depression. Policymakers and managers should implement supportive, protective, motivational, encouraging, and training interventions to prevent and reduce these consequences.
Original Article
Mohammed Bouamra; Madjid Akkou; Lamia Bentayeb; Mohammed Ziane
Abstract
Background: Brucellosis, as a zoonotic disease, is widespread among humans and animal andcontinues to be a major public health problem. The present study aimed to analyze the trends and epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Ain Témouchent (Western Algeria).Methods: In this registry-based ...
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Background: Brucellosis, as a zoonotic disease, is widespread among humans and animal andcontinues to be a major public health problem. The present study aimed to analyze the trends and epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Ain Témouchent (Western Algeria).Methods: In this registry-based longitudinal study, data on the reported new cases of brucellosis for five years (2014 to 2019) were obtained from the provincial notifiable diseases surveillance system of Ain Temouchent. Using official population data, we calculated the incidence rate per 100,000 inhabitants.Results: From 2014 to 2019, 599 cases of brucellosis cases were notified in Ain Temouchent province (mean annual incidence: 26.37 cases/100,000 inhabitants). The yearly notification peaked in 2014 (n=170 cases). The highest incidence was reported for males (56%) compared to females (44%) with a sex ratio of 1.29. Regarding age, the highest incidence of notified cases for brucellosis was in the group aged 25-44 years and over, accounting for 37,73% of all notified cases. The lowest incidence was found in the age group between 0-14 years with 11.52%. The disease peaked in May with 139 cases. The geographical distribution indicated that the highest risk area of human brucellosis was Hammam Bou Hadjar and Ain Larabaa region.Conclusion: Our findings showed a high prevalence of human brucellosis in Ain Témouchent, with gender, age, and seasonal changes as the main risk factors for human brucellosis.
Original Articles
Behrouz Fathi; Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq; Sara Pourazavi; Haidar Nadrian; Ahmad Kousha
Abstract
Background: As physical inactivity is presently a global concern, encouraging people to engage in physical activity (PA) is a public health policy priority. This study was conducted to analyze the process of change in the adoption of policies which aim at promoting PA in setting the policy agenda.Methods: ...
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Background: As physical inactivity is presently a global concern, encouraging people to engage in physical activity (PA) is a public health policy priority. This study was conducted to analyze the process of change in the adoption of policies which aim at promoting PA in setting the policy agenda.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using document reviews and semi-structured interviews. A total of 23 key informants from different sections of the policymaking process for PA promotion programs in Iran participated in the study. Purposeful sampling with a maximum variation was used to identify the key informants. Analysis of documents and interviews was conducted on the basis of Kingdon’s multiple streams Framework (MSF): problems, policies, and political streams. The MAXQDA-10 software was used to manage the data analysis process.Results: The problem stream was found to be “the high prevalence of physical inactivity, perceived subjective barriers, and contextual factors for PA” throughout the country. The policy stream focused on integrating PA services into primary health care, scheduling national and global calendar campaigns and events, and using the existing legal structures to promote PA in communities. At the political stream, support for policy documents and various legislative and governing authorities, as well as international support, particularly the World Health Organization 2018–2030 agenda, provided a favorable environment for this issue.Conclusion: Despite the opening of a policy window for developing policies to promote PA, several challenges may hinder the policy implementation process, including a lack of health promotion approach in the health system, lack of inter-sectoral cooperation, COVID-19 pandemic-associated restrictions, and management and structural issues. As the policy window is not being used appropriately, the policymakers must review the policies, with particular attention to the feasibility of policies, the organizational culture of the different ministries, and the mediating and advocating roles of the health sector in operationalizing the policies.
Original Article
Fatemeh Setoodehzadeh; Kosar Rezaei; Mohammad Khammarnia; Zeinab Almasi; Mostafa Peyvand
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency anemia in children is one of the most important challenges in the global health system. Also, it is one of the main problems in Iran, especially in the southern regions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting iron deficiency anemia in children ...
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Background: Iron deficiency anemia in children is one of the most important challenges in the global health system. Also, it is one of the main problems in Iran, especially in the southern regions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting iron deficiency anemia in children under two years of age.Methods: This case-control study was conducted on children under two years of age in Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast of Iran with the highest birth rate in 2020. In the study, 760 children were divided into case and control group (380 vs 380). A standard information form was used for collecting data, and the data were analyzed using SPSS-21 by chi-square test and logistic regression.Results: There were significant associations between the child’s iron deficiency anemia and the type of child nutrition (P=0.000), history of child’s food allergies (P=0.021), child’s congenital anomalies (P=0.009), maternal body mass index (P=0.083), number of previous pregnancies (P=0.035), history of abortion and stillbirth (P=0.027), use of postpartum supplementation (P=0.004), mother’s anemia (P=0.000), family marriage (P=0.001), father’s job (P=0.017), father’s anemia (P=0.000), and father’s addiction (P=0.007). Also, based on multivariate regression, the most important predictor of iron deficiency anemia in children was father’s addiction (OR=1.720; 95% CI: 1.067 – 2.773).Conclusion: The findings showed that parental factors could play an important role in causing iron deficiency anemia in children. These risk factors can be improved and prevented by promoting health education, increasing parental awareness and knowledge, and improving the lifestyle of families. Therefore, holding educational and counseling classes for parents is especially recommended.
Original Article
Narges Mobasheri; Leila Ghahremani; Abdolrahim Asadollahi; Mohammad Hossein Kaveh
Abstract
Background: Alcohol consumption, as a high-risk behaviour of adolescents, is a problematic challenge in health system around the globe. Iran, as an Islamic country, has been faced with this issue despite strict religious norms and heavy laws and punishment, especially after the fundamental 1979 revolution. ...
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Background: Alcohol consumption, as a high-risk behaviour of adolescents, is a problematic challenge in health system around the globe. Iran, as an Islamic country, has been faced with this issue despite strict religious norms and heavy laws and punishment, especially after the fundamental 1979 revolution. This study aimed to analyze and use theoretical model to identify the factors influencing the intention not to drink alcohol among adolescents in southern Iran.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in mid- 2020 in southern Iran. The data were collected using available samples from among 763 tenth grade adolescents who visited health canters to receive health services upon entering school. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression (P<0.05) were the tests used in the study. The demographic and behavioral characteristics data were collected; also, alcohol consumption questionnaire based on TPB model was utilized.Results: The construct of theory of planned behavior could explain intention and alcohol consumption behaviour (P<0.001), and other predictors included high-risk behaviors in family (P<0.001), descriptive subjective norms (P<0.001), and the quality of the relationship with the family (P<0.001).Conclusion: Theory of planned behavior has a very good ability to predict the intention and behavior of drinking among adolescents, and that intention is the strongest predictor of behavior; father’s behaviors in the family play a key role in adolescents drinking behavior. Therefore, it seems that improving the relationship between adolescents and parents should be on the agenda of policymakers.
Original Article
Abdolrahim Asadollahi; Mahin Nazari; Khadijeh Jafarpour; Leila Ghahremani; Nasim Pirzadeh
Abstract
Background: Old age is a sensitive period of life and paying attention to its needs is a social necessity. The older adults are exposed to threats such loneliness, isolation, and lack of social support. The aim of this study was to investigate the index of intergenerational quality in Persian and Arab ...
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Background: Old age is a sensitive period of life and paying attention to its needs is a social necessity. The older adults are exposed to threats such loneliness, isolation, and lack of social support. The aim of this study was to investigate the index of intergenerational quality in Persian and Arab ethnic groups in aging society in Iran.Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study on Persian and Arab ethnic groups. The statistical population of this research consisted of the elderly belonging to two ethnic groups: Persians and Arabs. The sampling was done using the quota randommethod. The sample size of this research was estimated based on Morgan’s table to be 217 older adults.Results: In terms of health status, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Associational Structural Correlation, Normative consensus correlation, Normative consensus correlation, Emotional closeness, Intergenerational conflict, Ambivalence in the two groups were not significantly different. The general scale of the intergenerational quality questionnaire responses showed the closeness of the general scale of the questionnaire between the two groups.Conclusion: The comparison of the results of the two groups in this study showed that the Arab people had a better health status than the Persian ones.
Original Article
Zahra Yazdanpanahi; Zahra Beygi; Seyedeh Zohre Sajadian; Zahra Saheb Karam; Mahboubeh Hajifoghaha
Abstract
Background: Sexual function is the result of a complex relationship between the body and the mind. It can be affected by various dimensions of health, including spiritual health. In this study, we aimed to assess sexual function and its relationship with spiritual health and religious attitude in Iranian ...
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Background: Sexual function is the result of a complex relationship between the body and the mind. It can be affected by various dimensions of health, including spiritual health. In this study, we aimed to assess sexual function and its relationship with spiritual health and religious attitude in Iranian women.Methods: The present descriptive, analytical research was carried out on 514 women in reproductive age, who had referred to the health centers of Shiraz, Iran, from February to September 2015. The participants were required to complete the Religious Attitude Scale, Spirituality Well-being Scale, and Female Sexual Function Index. The psychometric properties of these questionnaires were assessed in Iran. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the collected data, and a P-value lower than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.Results: The mean score of spiritual health was significantly higher in women with a healthy sexual function compared to those with sexual dysfunction (P=0.03). Also, we found a significant relationship between spiritual health and sexual desire (P=0.007) and sexual satisfaction(P=0.03). A significant relationship was also observed between religious health and sexual satisfaction(P=0.03). Besides, the results indicated a significant association between existential health and sexual desire(P=0.002), sexual arousal(P=0.003), and pain(P=0.03). A significant relationship was observed between religious attitude and sexual function(P<0.001).Conclusion: Given that sexual function is one of the basic components of women’s health in reproductive age that needs special attention. It seems that for improving it, taking effective measures such as paying attention to women’s spiritual health can have positive effects on their sexual function.
Original Article
Seyed Mohammad Bahrainian; Leila Moadi; Meysam Alipour; Amaghan Moavej Aleali; Hajieh Shahbazian
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is identified by an accumulation of signs of a metabolic disorder and has become a growing problem in recent years due to its major public health risks. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS and its components based on six definitions.Methods: ...
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Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is identified by an accumulation of signs of a metabolic disorder and has become a growing problem in recent years due to its major public health risks. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS and its components based on six definitions.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 8596 individuals (2966 males and 5630 females) aged 35-70 years were recruited from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Center from May 2016 to August 2018. The diagnostic criteria proposed by the Joint Interim Statement (JIS), the Regional JIS (RJIS), the American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the Regional IDF (RIDF), and Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) were used.Results: The prevalence of MetS was 40.7% (ATP III), 47.3% (IDF), 40.8% (RIDF), 44.2% (AHA/NHLBI), 48.9% (JIS), and 44.7% (RJIS). Overall, males and females showed a higher prevalence of MetS based on the JIS criteria. Based on gender, the prevalence of MetS was higher in women than in men according to all six definitions. The most common component for all deinitions was TGs domain. Also, all four MetS components were higher in people living in urban areas than in those living in rural areas.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a higher prevalence of MetS is related to the JIS definition; this may also indicate the importance of assessing MetS based on this definition in clinical practice in the southern Iranian population.
Original Article
Hadi Daneshmandi; Alireza Choobineh; Zeinab Rasouli Kahaki; Mojgan Zoaktafi; Atefeh Hosseini
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of individuals’ personality traits on the perceived effort.Methods: This experimental study was conducted from October 2022 to December 2022 on 30 students using general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), Raven’s intelligence quotient (IQ) test, ...
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Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of individuals’ personality traits on the perceived effort.Methods: This experimental study was conducted from October 2022 to December 2022 on 30 students using general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), Raven’s intelligence quotient (IQ) test, visual analogue scale (VAS), revised neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience (NEO) personality inventory, and Jamar hand dynamometer (JHD).Results: A significant positive correlation was found between the exerted force to the JHD (EF-JHD) and perceived effort rated on horizontal VAS (PE-H/VAS) and vertical VAS (PE-V/VAS) in the individuals with low levels of ‘neuroticism’. Considering ‘extraversion’ and ‘agreeableness’ factors of the NEO test, the correlation coefficient between EF-JHD, and PE-H/VAS and PE-V/VAS was higher in the individuals with medium levels compared to those with high levels. This relationship was reverse for the ‘openness to experience’ and ‘conscientiousness’ factors. The results demonstrated a significant strong positive correlation between PE-H/VAS and PE-V/VAS (r=0.97). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between EF-JHD and PE-H/VAS and between EF-JHD and PE-V/VAS.Conclusion: Individuals’ personality traits are recommended to be considered in assessing the perceived effort by VAS.
Original Article
Masoumeh Amin; Mohsen Kalantari; Saideh Yousefi; Mozaffar Vahedi; Sorna Dabaghmanesh; Hamid Reza Ghorbani; Marzieh Shahriari Namadi; Parisa Amin
Abstract
Background: The general purpose of this study was to investigate the species diversity and characteristics of the larval habitats of culicids in important tourism centers of Fars province to design a comprehensive program to control them.Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted from April to the ...
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Background: The general purpose of this study was to investigate the species diversity and characteristics of the larval habitats of culicids in important tourism centers of Fars province to design a comprehensive program to control them.Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted from April to the end of September 2021, the species diversity of mosquito larvae and the characteristics of larval habitats were investigated. Mosquito larvae were collected using the dipping method and the characteristics of larval habitats such as permanent or temporary habitat, water running, intensity of sunlight, vegetation, habitat floor, turbidity, natural or artificial were recorded according to the hydro ecological characteristics.Results: Totally, 8825 specimens were collected and identified from 9 selected locations in Marvdasht city and 6 selected locations in Maharloo wetland. Collected species were Culex pipiens (39.77%), Culex sinaiticus (3.80%), Culex quinquefasciatus (23.68%), Culiseta longiareolata (17.52%), Uranotaenia unguiculata (9.02%), and Anopheles stephensi (6.21%). Most specimens (79%) were collected from natural habitats. There is a significant difference between the number of collected mosquitoes with the permanent habitat, stagnant water, partial sunlight, vegetation, turbidity, and natural habitat (P<0.0001). The dominant species were Cx. pipiens (39.77%) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (23.68%).Conclusion: These species are potentially involved in the transmission of many pathogens to humans and domestic animals and should be extensively studied. The results of this study suggest that environmental factors play an important role in larvae’s habitat preference.
Original Article
Roghayeh Ezati Rad; Teamur Aghamolaei; Zahra Hosseini; Nahid Shahabi; Atefeh Homayuni; Hossein Montazer Ghaem
Abstract
Background: Lockdown due to COVID-19changed the educational life of students from traditional to virtual learning; It posed many challenges to students’ success and has had psychological and social implications for them. The present study aimed to investigate the students’ experiences of ...
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Background: Lockdown due to COVID-19changed the educational life of students from traditional to virtual learning; It posed many challenges to students’ success and has had psychological and social implications for them. The present study aimed to investigate the students’ experiences of living in lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying and obtaining this information can prepare policymakers to better plan for future pandemics.Methods: In this qualitative study, 20 students from 6 faculties of the University of Medical Sciences were selected by purposeful and snowball sampling method considering the maximum diversity in gender, educational level, school of study, marital status, and age. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews and data collection continued until saturation. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach and a continuous comparison method. MAXQDA10 software was used for data management.Results: The present findings led to the identification of 4 main categories (educational challenges, media impact, multidimensional problems, and coping) and 17 sub-categories.Conclusion: According to the results, planning for and resolving the educational challenges, increasing students’ media and electronic literacy, identifying and solving students’ problems, and encouraging students to use appropriate coping strategies will help overcome this crisis.
Letter to Editor
Mostafa Amiri; Seyed Alireza Javadinia; Nasrin Shokrpour
Abstract
This article has no abstract.
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This article has no abstract.
Letter to Editor
Mehran Rostami; Mohammad Jalilian
Abstract
This article has no abstract.
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This article has no abstract.
