EhsanAllah Kalteh; Abdurrahman Charkazi; Golshirin Yatimparvar; Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh; Abdolaziz Ghezel
Abstract
Rabies is among the world’s most important and most fatal zoonotic diseases,1 The agent causing rabies is an RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, in the family Rhabdoviridae.2 that affects the central nervous system in warmblooded mammals, including humans. Due to a case fatality rate of 100% (once ...
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Rabies is among the world’s most important and most fatal zoonotic diseases,1 The agent causing rabies is an RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, in the family Rhabdoviridae.2 that affects the central nervous system in warmblooded mammals, including humans. Due to a case fatality rate of 100% (once the clinical symptoms appear),3 the high cost of vaccines and antirabies serums used for postexposure prophylaxis,2 and fatalities among cattle and the resulting economic damages,4 fighting rabies is considered a priority.
Elham Keshtzar; Marzieh Rashedinia
Abstract
Background: Novel 2019 Coronavirus (covid-19) or SARSCoV-2 disease is spreading quickly throughout the globe and threatening public health. Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 may precipitate “cytokine” storm, immune system dysregulation, and hyper-coagulation that are responsible ...
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Background: Novel 2019 Coronavirus (covid-19) or SARSCoV-2 disease is spreading quickly throughout the globe and threatening public health. Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 may precipitate “cytokine” storm, immune system dysregulation, and hyper-coagulation that are responsible for several organ failure, morbidity, and mortality. The severity of infection symptoms is extremely variable from mild symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and interplay between the immune system response and dysregulation of coagulation system are hypothesized to play a critical role in the pathological mechanism of seriously ill patients with covid-19 infection via the IL-1/IL-6 central pathway.Methods: The role of SARS-CoV-2 virus in covid-19 disease through cytokine storm and coagulopathy has been discussed in the present brief review. The electronic databases Pubmed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS were searched to retrieve related English-language articles published between the years 2019 and 2021.Results: The interplay between immune system responses and coagulation pathway was observed in pathological condition of coronavirus patients, leading to abnormal condition of clot formation and increasing incidence of strokes. Indeed, in nonsurvivor patients, the levels of IL-6, IL-1, and D-dimer were higher than survivor coronavirus patients.Conclusion: Severe SARS-CoV-2 patients with higher level of IL-1/IL-6 and coagulation abnormality confirm this hypothesis that anticytokine drugs are effective for managing cytokine storm, preventing the risk of strokes, and reducing hospitalization and mortality in covid-19 patients.
Moslem Soodejani; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Mohammad Reza Baneshi; Abbas Sedaghat; Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei; Farzaneh Zolala
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of infections among general population can affect the prevalence among blood donors. Due to to the importance of blood safety, this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in donated bloods in Iran in 2018.Methods: Using information of 1,308,284 ...
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Background: The prevalence of infections among general population can affect the prevalence among blood donors. Due to to the importance of blood safety, this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in donated bloods in Iran in 2018.Methods: Using information of 1,308,284 blood donors, we designed this cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in Iranian blood donors. All the prevalence was reported per 100,000 population.Results: HIV prevalence in blood donors was about 2 per 100,000 (95% CI: 1.999, 2.001) population. Prevalence of HBV and HCV was 53(95% CI: 52.999-53.00) and 26 (95% CI: 25.999-26.001), respectively.Conclusion: It seems that the screening of volunteers would defer many people who may have been infected with TTIs; as a result, people with the least risk of being infected are selected to donate blood. Notice: All of these infected bloods were detected and discarded from the blood donation chain.
Rohini Patil; Kamal Shah; Deepak Bhosle
Abstract
Background: Evaluation of the impact of stress on glycaemic control in hospitalized type-2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).Methods: In this retrospective study conducted at a single centre in Maharashtra from May to July 2020 on hospitalized COVID-19 patients with T2DM who ...
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Background: Evaluation of the impact of stress on glycaemic control in hospitalized type-2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).Methods: In this retrospective study conducted at a single centre in Maharashtra from May to July 2020 on hospitalized COVID-19 patients with T2DM who reported having stress of pandemic; they were selected using purposive sampling. DASS-12 stress sub-scale was used to estimate the severity of their stress. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG) before admission and at the time of discharge were compared.Results: One hundred and ninety-nine patients (mean age 54 years; 61.30% females) were included. Mean±SD FBG before admission was 168.4±30.6 mg/dl which increased to 195.9±28.8 mg/dl at the time of discharge (P<0.001). Also, Mean±SD PPBG before admission was 312±62.3 mg/dl which increased to 351.6±61.9 mg/dl (P<0.001). A total of 73 (36.7%) participants had perceived stress. Moderate and severe/extremely severe stress was found in 44 (27.1%) and 19 (9.6%) patients, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the mean FBG before and during discharge in patients who had no stress and those with moderate stress (P<0.001). There was no difference in FBG in patients with severe/extremely severe stress (P=0.43). Similar observations were seen for PPBG (no stress P<0.001; moderate stress P<0.001; severe/extremely severe stress P=0.06).Conclusion: There was a rise in the glucose level in T2DM patients discharged after COVID-19 treatment. The increase was significant in T2DM without stress and those with moderate stress. In addition to traditional treatment, measures for psychological stress control should also be taken for such patients.
Hasan Bakhshi; Amir Masoud Jafari-Nozad; Kourosh Arzamani; Hamed Ghasemzadeh- Moghaddam; Mona Fani; Mohammad Shoushtari; Navid Dinparast-Djadid; Anna-Bella Failloux
Abstract
Background: Scientific overwhelming evidence confirms that the prevalence and incidence of mosquito-borne viruses such as chikungunya (CHIK) are dramatically increasing in Middle- Eastern countries including Iran.Methods: I n t his r eview a rticle, u sing r elevant k eywords (“Chikungunya” ...
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Background: Scientific overwhelming evidence confirms that the prevalence and incidence of mosquito-borne viruses such as chikungunya (CHIK) are dramatically increasing in Middle- Eastern countries including Iran.Methods: I n t his r eview a rticle, u sing r elevant k eywords (“Chikungunya” OR “CHIKV” OR “Aedes albopictus” OR “Aedes aegypti”), available literature was searched to collect data related to the reports of CHIK and its main vectors, Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti, in Iran and 15 neighboring countries: Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen.Results: CHIK was reported in neighboring countries such as Pakistan, Turkey, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, and Iraq. Furthermore, presumably introduced in 2019, CHIK was reported in 11 provinces in Iran with overall seropositivity of 17.23% in humans over the past three years. The mosquitoes, Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti, have recently been reported in the southeast and south of Iran.Conclusion: Given the change in climate, even if the density of the vectors is still limited, there is no guarantee that their population will not spread much more in the coming years. This emphasizes the urgent need to strengthen the surveillance system for the vectors, and sustained surveillance of CHIK infections in mosquitoes and humans, preferably in a collaborative international project.
Armita Farid; Setayesh Sotoudehnia Korani; Ali Rezazadeh Roudkoli; Niloofaralsadat Noorian; Seyedeh Maryam Mousavinezhad; Zahra Mohajeri; Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz; Padideh Daneii; Farzin Ghiasi; Arian Tabesh; Sina Neshat
Abstract
Background: Smartphones and other electronic devices have become a large part of our day-to-day lives, and their influence on our lifestyle is not a matter anyone can disregard. This study evaluates the association between the smartphone addiction scale (SAS) and the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) with adjustment ...
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Background: Smartphones and other electronic devices have become a large part of our day-to-day lives, and their influence on our lifestyle is not a matter anyone can disregard. This study evaluates the association between the smartphone addiction scale (SAS) and the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) with adjustment for possible confounders.Methods: Sixty patients of a sleep clinic with recent polysomnography results (< 6 months) who were referred to evaluate for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were included in the study. The participants' demographic data such as body mass index (BMI), age, gender, and educational level were collected. Participants were then asked to complete the SAS. AHIs of the study participants were extracted from their polysomnography reports.Results: Multivariable analysis revealed no significant association between SAS and AHI after adjustment for demographic variables (beta = 0.006, 95% CI = -0.022 to 0.033, P-value = 0.678). Age was a substantial confounder of the association (beta of SAS after adjusting = 0.009).Conclusion: Smartphone use does not affect the risk of OSA as determined by AHI when adjusted for age.
Elahe Jafari Hafshajani; Mehran Hoodaji; Faezeh Ghanati; Yaghoob Hosseini; Vali Alipour
Abstract
Background: Magnetization of water, as a factor that stimulates the other factors related to plant growth, is an affective physical solution on plant resistance and yield.Methods: In this case-control research, the effect of magnetized water on cadmium removal by Lantana camara was investigated. An experiment ...
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Background: Magnetization of water, as a factor that stimulates the other factors related to plant growth, is an affective physical solution on plant resistance and yield.Methods: In this case-control research, the effect of magnetized water on cadmium removal by Lantana camara was investigated. An experiment with completely randomized-block design was done to irrigate the plant pots using 3 levels of water treatment (W1: magnetic, W2: semi magnetized and W3 non-magnetized:) and 4 levels of cadmium 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L with 3 replications.Results: The results showed that the interaction effects of cadmium levels and irrigation water treatment on soil, shoot, and root cadmium content were significant. The amount of soil cadmium decreased by 39.49 percent by increasing the concentration of metal (2 mg/L) in irrigation water under the influence of magnetized water treatment. Evaluation of cadmium accumulation, adsorption index and transfer factor showed that the highest amount of them in the treatment of 2 mg / l cadmium in the surface of magnetized water was equal to 0.836, 0.034, and 1.654 respectively. The lowest shoot and root cadmium under the influence of magnetic water treatment was 0.559 and 0.303 (mg Kg-1), respectively, which was significant compared to non-magnetized water treatment. The enzyme activity of CAT (Catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), phenol, phenoloid, and anthocyanin was increased by applying magnetic water treatment.Conclusion: Magnetized water by increasing the cadmium absorption by plants and stimulating the plant antioxidants had a significant effect on the absorption and transport of cadmium and increased the efficiency of refining plants by Lantana camara plant.
Zahra Nasiri; Mohsen Kalantari; Masoumeh Amin; Salman Daliri; Kourosh Azizi
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of arboviruses is increasing worldwide. Their vectors are widely distributed in different continents of the world. Despite the importance of the phleboviruses, unfortunately data about the spread of the viruses in human and animal communities is very limited.Methods: This study ...
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Background: The prevalence of arboviruses is increasing worldwide. Their vectors are widely distributed in different continents of the world. Despite the importance of the phleboviruses, unfortunately data about the spread of the viruses in human and animal communities is very limited.Methods: This study is a systematic review of phlebovirus and its vectors worldwide, with emphasis on Middle East countries including Iran. Accordingly, all English language articles which were conducted up to the end of 2020 were found by searching the databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus. Furthermore, the authors used the Strobe checklist to evaluate the quality of the articles.Results: Phlebotomus perniciosus was the main vector of the Tosca virus in the Mediterranean regions such as Italy, France, and Greece. In African counties, Aedes species were more important vectors of phleboviruses, especially Rift Valley fever. As these diseases can easily spread to even uninfected areas of Asia, permanent monitoring is needed to control phleboviruses.Conclusion: Practical methods have been used to control the vectors and hosts of phleboviruses. Some important methods are listed as follows: impregnated bed nets/curtains, residual spraying, repellents, establishment of the robust surveillance of animal and their products, and limited movement of livestock during outbreak time. These methods can minimize the risk of transmission of phleboviral diseases, especially RVF infection.
Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad; Mohammadreza Firouzkouhi
Abstract
Background: Water pipe tobacco smoking is used as a traditional way of smoking, but its ascending trend and increasing consumption has become a global phenomenon, which has been associated with increased consumption of fruity or flavored tobaccos. Given the students’ increasing tendency in this ...
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Background: Water pipe tobacco smoking is used as a traditional way of smoking, but its ascending trend and increasing consumption has become a global phenomenon, which has been associated with increased consumption of fruity or flavored tobaccos. Given the students’ increasing tendency in this regard, this study aimed to explore the medical students’ tendency toward using waterpipe tobacco smoking.Methods: This is a qualitative study using a semi-structured interview with 16 medical students in Southeastern Iran (Zabol) from January to May 2020. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of 4 themes of “cultural/ family roots”, “individual roots”, “attraction of tobacco flavor and water pipe”, and “misconception about health risks of water pipe tobacco smoking”.Conclusion: Waterpipe tobacco smoking has increased among students for leisure and entertainment. Given that waterpipe tobacco smoking is the basis for entering various opioid addictions and cigarettes, it needs more attention to students from the academic side of principals and families. It is recommended that national and academic authorities should consider the issues that attract the students toward water pipe tobacco smoking.
Itse Olaoye; Akinola Ayoola Fatiregun; Adewale M. Adejugbagbe; Modupeola Dosumu; Ekun Opeyemi; Zubairu Mahmud; David Adeleke; Tsemaye Jacdonmi; Aladesawe Talaat Adesokeji; Famokun Gboyega; Abiona Samuel
Abstract
Background: Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the yellow fever virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquito species. Despite the availability of a very effective vaccine, yellow fever virus (YFV) remains a public health threat across Africa. Enhanced disease surveillance, vector ...
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Background: Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the yellow fever virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquito species. Despite the availability of a very effective vaccine, yellow fever virus (YFV) remains a public health threat across Africa. Enhanced disease surveillance, vector control, and high vaccination coverages are key to the prevention and control of YF. This paper aimed to describe yellow fever surveillance in Ondo state and the outbreak investigation activities conducted in the LGAs where outbreaks occurred in the year 2021.Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. We conducted an epidemiological investigation of yellow fever suspected and confirmed cases in Ondo State in Nigeria in 2021, using the YF case-based surveillance data. We described outbreak investigation and response activities carried out in affected LGAs, where the outbreaks were confirmed.Results: A total of 62 suspected YF cases were reported from January to December 2021, with no record of mortality. More than half (53%) of the cases were between the age of 15 to 29 years. About three-quarter of the reported cases (73%) had received the YF vaccine. The overall attack rate was 1.33 cases per 100,000 population. Only 3 out of the 62 reported cases were confirmed as yellow fever cases.Conclusion: The resurgence of yellow fever in the state puts the state at high-risk for yellow fever transmission. To reduce the immediate risks to the health of the population, specific activities should be tailored towards increasing awareness on yellow fever transmission, prevention, and control. These include activities on risk communication and community engagement, active surveillance, vector control, strengthening of routine immunization, as well as continued implementation of preventive mass vaccination campaigns.
Sareh Balavar; Leila Vali; Seyed Hossein Saberi Anaraki; Yunes Jahani; Rahil GhorbaniNia
Abstract
Background: More satisfied patients in medical care accelerate the progress of treatments and achieve the foremost goal of treatment, which is to improve patients. The aim of this study was to assess the patients’ expectations and satisfaction with physicians working in public clinics in Kerman.Methods: ...
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Background: More satisfied patients in medical care accelerate the progress of treatments and achieve the foremost goal of treatment, which is to improve patients. The aim of this study was to assess the patients’ expectations and satisfaction with physicians working in public clinics in Kerman.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in four clinics under the auspices of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 385 patients were enrolled in the study using simple random sampling. Britten questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS22 using appropriate tests. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the content method. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for reliability, which was 0.8 for the Reasons of visiting the Doctor Questionnaire and 0.9 for the questionnaire after the examination.Results: The highest expectations of patients (73%) in the reasons for seeing a doctor were related to the diagnosis of the disease, and the lowest expectations were related to the tests and the desire to prescribe (28.6%). Overall satisfaction with the physician was 55.3% among the patients. There was no significant difference between the patients’ expectations of the physician with any of the demographic characteristics. Patients’ expectations before and after seeing a doctor were not significantly different.Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between the treatment team and the patient means that the decisions made for patients are not dependent on the treating physician and patients’ expectations.
Tayebe Piri; Maryam Sahraei
Abstract
Background: L ife s kills h elp t he i ndividuals i n d ifferent situations to communicate with others desirably and appropriately and to learn how to access social services, environment, and participation in life-making decisions and activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of ...
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Background: L ife s kills h elp t he i ndividuals i n d ifferent situations to communicate with others desirably and appropriately and to learn how to access social services, environment, and participation in life-making decisions and activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of attention to life skills in the social sciences curriculum of elementary schools from the perspective of teachers in Sothern Iran, Shiraz, in the academic year 2017-2018.Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, we selected 315 fourth, fifth, and sixth grade primary school teachers in Shiraz by stratified random sampling method. A researchermade questionnaire with two dimensions of purpose and content of the curriculum with 26 questions was used. Subjects were asked to rate their views on each of the questions based on a five-point Likert scale. The results were analyzed through onesample t-test, independent t-test, and ANOVA analysis using SPSS22 software.Results: Based on the results, the educators believed that the level of attention to life skills in the goals and content of the curriculum was above average (P=0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the views of male and female teachers on the level of attention to life skills in the social sciences curriculum in terms of objectives (P=0.793) and content (P=0.484).Conclusion: Since the main purpose of education is to help students adapt to different living environments, the development of applied life skills curricula is essential for all students.
Fatemeh Moradi; Zahra Sohrabi; Morteza Zare; Najme Hejazi; Marzieh Akbarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Depression is a worldwide disease affecting more than 300 million people and is associated with disability, burden of disease, and significant health care costs. Children’s nutritional status can definitely affect their growth. The burden of malnutrition remains high in developing countries ...
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Background: Depression is a worldwide disease affecting more than 300 million people and is associated with disability, burden of disease, and significant health care costs. Children’s nutritional status can definitely affect their growth. The burden of malnutrition remains high in developing countries and reduces the potential for individual, social, and economic development. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding depression and infant’s growth.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 90 breastfeeding mothers and their 2-4 month old infants in Yasuj. Data collection in mothers was done by measuring anthropometric variables and by interviews through questionnaires. For assessing maternal depression, Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire was applied, and neonatal physical growth was evaluated by head circumference, weight, and length Z-scores of 2-4 months old infants.Results: The result showed that the relationship between maternal depression score and Z scores of infants’ weight, height, and head circumference was not significant (P>0.05 for all). There were no differences between depression scores of mothers and infants’ growth in different groups of education or occupation among mothers (P>0.05 for all). There was a significant relationship between maternal waist circumference with hip circumference, weight, and number of children (P<0.001 for all).Conclusion: This study showed that depressed mothers, despite having depression, were concerned with the optimal growth of their infants. However, tracking children’s developmental status and maternal depression over the time (especially in depressed mothers or underweight infants) in several stages can be helpful in increasing information in this regard.
Somayeh Panahpouri; Sara Arshi
Abstract
Background: One of the most stressful experiences for any family is managing a child with a disability, disorder, or chronic illness. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on psychological flexibility and resilience among mothers with ...
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Background: One of the most stressful experiences for any family is managing a child with a disability, disorder, or chronic illness. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on psychological flexibility and resilience among mothers with autistic children in Shiraz.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included mothers with autistic children referring to the autism community in Shiraz city at 1398. According to the semiexperimental design and the criteria for research, a sample of 36 patients (each group of 18) was selected randomly. Samples were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of “acceptance and commitment therapy”. The instrument for collecting information included the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (CFI) and Connor & Davidson Resilience Questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using covariance.Results: The results showed that Commitment-based Therapy is effective in increasing the mental flexibility and resilience of mothers of children with autism (P=0.001).Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in improving the mental health of mothers with childhood autism.
Mohsen Mahdinia; Ahmad Soltanzadeh; Kiana Hosseinzadeh; Alireza Omidi Oskouei
Abstract
Background: Safety culture can be a good indicator of safety performance which can contribute to the formation of the employee safety behaviors. Therefore, recognizing the dimensions of safety culture and their effect on the employee safety behaviors could be a useful step in the management of occupational ...
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Background: Safety culture can be a good indicator of safety performance which can contribute to the formation of the employee safety behaviors. Therefore, recognizing the dimensions of safety culture and their effect on the employee safety behaviors could be a useful step in the management of occupational accidents. As such, this study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between safety culture dimensions with employee safety behaviors and accidents, in 2019.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 employees in 19 different industries in one of the central provinces of Iran. Data collection tools included the safety culture and safety behavior questionnaires. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS 22.0, using independent T-test, logistic regression, multiple linear regressions, and Factor Analysis.Results: The results showed that safety culture had a multidimensional structure, and all of its dimensions had a positive and significant correlation with safety behaviors (P<0.001). In addition, safety culture had a significant inverse correlation with accidents (P<0.05).Conclusion: Management commitment to safety is a key factor in the improvement of employee safety behavior. To reduce accidents and safety problems, it is recommended that the management should focus adequately on the safety policies and procedures.
Seyed Esmaeil Mousavi Haghighi; Ali Pouladi Rishehri; Seyed Asghar Mousavi
Abstract
Background: Family and marital abnormalities are among the risk factors of psychological trauma in family members and threaten the family system, which is the basis of any healthy society. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) and acceptance ...
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Background: Family and marital abnormalities are among the risk factors of psychological trauma in family members and threaten the family system, which is the basis of any healthy society. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on intimacy and marital adjustment among couples applying for divorce.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study based on a pretestposttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of all married people applying for divorce in Bushehr city, (Iran) in 2021, 45 of whom were selected as the sample through convenience sampling and randomly and equally assigned to three groups (n= 15 per group). The first and second experimental groups received CBCT and ACT (twelve 90-minute sessions for each), respectively. The research instruments included Walker and Thompson’s Intimacy Scale and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The data were statistically analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-26.Results: The results showed a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group in the post test scores of intimacy and marital adjustment (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between CBCT and ACT in improving marital adjustment (P=0.012), whereas these two interventions did not exhibit such a difference in improving intimacy.Conclusion: The study findings suggested that both CBCT and ACT can be used for improving the intimacy between the couples applying for divorce. However, CBCT is more recommended for improving the marital adjustment of such couples because it exhibited more effectiveness than ACT in this regard.
Habibollah Azarbakhsh; Aliasghar Valipour; Ali Hemmati; Alireza Mirahmadizadeh; Leila Moftakhar
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 emerged in China for the first time, and spread rapidly in the world and in Iran. It caused the death of many people. This study was performed to estimate the years of life lost due to COVID-19 in southwestern Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, deaths due to COVID-19 were ...
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Background: COVID-19 emerged in China for the first time, and spread rapidly in the world and in Iran. It caused the death of many people. This study was performed to estimate the years of life lost due to COVID-19 in southwestern Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, deaths due to COVID-19 were investigated from February 20, 2020 to November 20, 2020 in southwestern Iran. Descriptive analyses included: sex ratio of deaths, mean and standard deviation of quantitative variable of age at the time of death, and specific ages-sex mortality rates. Years of life lost due to COVID-19 were estimated using standard life expectancy and lifetime table of the World Health Organization in 2015.Results: The number of deaths due to COVID-19 was 938 cases. The sex ratio of mortality (male to female) was 1.2, and the people over the age of 80 years had the highest mortality rates in both sexes. The total number of years of life lost was 13205 years, and the 60-69 age group had the highest years of life lost.Conclusion: Based on the findings of our study, health policymakers need to implement timely strategies and plans to reduce deaths especially for the possibleadvent of the next wave of COVID-19.
Abdurrahman Charkazi; Kamal Mirkarimi
Abstract
Background: Obesity has dramatically formed a public health problem across the world. The current survey explored the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) on paraclinical parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness among women with overweight and obesity who referred to the nutrition clinics.Methods: ...
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Background: Obesity has dramatically formed a public health problem across the world. The current survey explored the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) on paraclinical parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness among women with overweight and obesity who referred to the nutrition clinics.Methods: We conducted a single blind randomized clinical trial study on 136 women with overweight and obesity who were randomly assigned to MI (n=68) or control (n=68) groups during September 2014 to October 2015 year in Gorgan city of Golestan province. The Rockport Walk Test was used to evaluate the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and total cholesterol which were also tested in participants trained to fast for 12 hours and avoid alcohol consumption in 24 hours before the blood test. The total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and cardio-respiratory fitness were investigated at baseline and at 12 months’ follow-up. Descriptive analysis was run to describe the mean and standard deviation of the demographic characteristics. Independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square test were applied. A P value<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: The mean age of the MI and control group was 51.6±5.2 and 53.8±5.8 years, respectively. MI significantly reduced the total cholesterol (P=0.032), HDL-C (P=0.041) and LDL-C (P=0.011), while it increased VO2 max compared to the control group.Conclusion: MI may remarkably affect the participant’s paraclinical outcomes including lipid profiles and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. More surveys seem helpful to confirm the effectiveness of MI on long-time changes among people with overweight and obesity.
Ehsan Bakhshi; Reza Kalantari; Hamed Parnikh; Samaneh Dehghan Abnavi; Mehdi Hasanshahi; Sanaz Farhadpour; Somayeh Gheysari
Abstract
Background: Healthcare staff are at the heart of the covid-19 pandemic and play an important role in controlling this disease. Operating room practitioners could be contaminated by a coronavirus, which imposes a high pressure on them, affecting their need for recovery from work. This study aimed to compare ...
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Background: Healthcare staff are at the heart of the covid-19 pandemic and play an important role in controlling this disease. Operating room practitioners could be contaminated by a coronavirus, which imposes a high pressure on them, affecting their need for recovery from work. This study aimed to compare the need for recovery in the operating room practitioners with and without covid-19 infection history.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the operating room department of a public hospital on 217 operating room practitioners, including Operating room technicians, anaesthesiologists, and service staff. The data collection tools were a demographics questionnaire and the need for recovery scale. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and oneway ANOVA were used for data analysis.Results: T he m ean a nd s tandard d eviation o f t he n eed f or recovery score in the studied population were 71.30±21.40. The practitioners with covid-19 infection history had a significantly higher need for recovery (P=0.001) than those without covid-19 history. In addition, the service staff had a higher percentage of covid-19 infection and had more need for recovery than operating room technicians (P=0.014).Conclusion: The operating room practitioners with a history of covid-19 infection had a significantly higher need for recovery than those without a history of infection. Therefore, protecting the operating room practitioners against covid-19 infection is the first step in preventing the excessive need for recovery levels. In addition, increasing the number of operating room staff, reducing the number of working hours, and paying more attention to their work-life quality can help reduce their need for recovery.
Aida Rastegarian; Marzieh Davoodi; Hossein Molavi Vardanjani; Malihe Sousani Tavabe; Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh; Alireza Salehi
Abstract
Background: Medical students are exposed to high risk mental health disorders. Owing to the higher probability of exposure to the mentioned risk factors among dorm-resident students and senior students, the present study was conducted to explore mental health disorder and its relationship with higher ...
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Background: Medical students are exposed to high risk mental health disorders. Owing to the higher probability of exposure to the mentioned risk factors among dorm-resident students and senior students, the present study was conducted to explore mental health disorder and its relationship with higher academic year and dorm residence, amongthe medical students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 medical students in 2019. A multi-stage random sampling was applied. A standardized self-administered questionnaire, which comprised of demographic variables and General Health Questionnaire-28, was used.Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.52±2.26 years. About 166 individuals (61.5%, CI 95%: 55.69, 67.30) showed symptoms of mental health disorders, and anxiety was the most common mental disorder with a prevalence of 16.7% in medical students. There were significant relationships between mental health and higher age (P=0.001), clinical phase students (P<0.001), single students (P=0.044), dorm residence (P<0.001), and those in poor economic condition (P=0.047).Conclusion: The chance of developing mental health disorders in dormitory students and in clinical phase students was 2.48 (CI 95%: 1.36, 4.53) and 2.97 (CI 95%: 2.12, 4.15) times higher than in non-dormitory and basic phase students, respectively. Due to the higher prevalence of mental health disorders among medical students compared to the general population, interventions should be done at the university level to promote the students’ mental health, especially clinical and dormitory students. In addition, policymakers should design and implement a comprehensive student mental health care program nationally.
Ali Mohammadi; Soodeh Shahsavari; Sousan Mahmoudi Bavandpouri; Roholah Mohammadi; Masoomeh Nouri Tahneh
Abstract
Background: Complications are defined as the adverse outcome of the procedures. They increase the length of stay and costs, endanger the patient’s quality of life, and are associated with legal issues. This study aims to analyze the complications of drugs and surgeries in hospitalized patients.Methods: ...
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Background: Complications are defined as the adverse outcome of the procedures. They increase the length of stay and costs, endanger the patient’s quality of life, and are associated with legal issues. This study aims to analyze the complications of drugs and surgeries in hospitalized patients.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on patients hospitalized from 2013 to 2019. Research resources included records of hospitalized patients with Y40-84 codes based on ICD-10 selected by the census. Records numbers were retrieved from HIS based on the code; records were extracted from the archive of an Iranian hospital. Data were collected using a checklist consisting of two parts. First, the characteristics of the patients and second, the cause and type of complications were extracted by studying the records. The data were analyzed using SPSS20Results: 151 records with Y40-84 codes were retrieved. The records related to complications of procedures and medications were 55 and 96, respectively. 55.6% of patients were female, and 44.4% were male. The average age and length of stay were 51.95 years and 5.7 days, respectively. Post-operative infection and gastrointestinal bleeding, with 49.1% and 20.83%, were the most common complications of surgery and medication, respectively. DVT with 17.2% and cesarean section with 7.3% were the most common cause of complications. Finally, Warfarin had the most complications, with 80%.Conclusion: Complications lead to increased length of stay, costs, and mortality. Therefore, to prevent them, it is necessary to evaluate the patient’s condition before proceeding, training, and monitoring the treatment process.
Arsalan Amirkafi; Seyed Massoud Madjdzadeh; Mohammad Amin Gorouhi; Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi; Ismaeil Alizadeh; Abbas Aghaei Afshar
Abstract
Background: Malaria is the most important mosquito-borne disease in Iran in recent decades. This disease is endemic in the south to the southeastern Iran. Knowledge about larval habitats, species diversity, and distribution pattern of malaria vectors will help authorities in the appropriate management ...
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Background: Malaria is the most important mosquito-borne disease in Iran in recent decades. This disease is endemic in the south to the southeastern Iran. Knowledge about larval habitats, species diversity, and distribution pattern of malaria vectors will help authorities in the appropriate management of this disease. Qaleh Ganj county is one of the main endemic areas for malaria in the south of Iran. Little information is available about the fauna of mosquitoes and their characteristics in this area.Methods: This study aims to assess the fauna, larval habitats, species diversity, and distribution pattern of Anophelinae mosquitoes using the Geographic Information System (GIS) in Qaleh Ganj County, the southeast of Iran. The potential aquatic habitats for Anopheles larvae were selected based on the variety of topography and history of the malaria epidemic. The mosquito larvae were collected using dipping method from April to December 2018. Finally, the diversity, richness, and evenness indices were calculated.Results: A total of 1042 larvae were found. The dominant species was Anopheles culicifacies s.l. Giles, 1901. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.76–1.54 between different collection sites, while the other indices showed the highest and lowest diversity, evenness, and richness of species in each area.Conclusion: Due to the fact that some of the species in this region are species complexes, molecular studies are needed to find better information about the genetic diversity of these species which can be helpful for the malaria elimination program in Iran.
Maryam Saberi; Fatemeh Vizeshfar; Zahra Keshtkaran
Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding training among mothers is necessary to ensure the continuation of this behavior. Given the great benefits of breastfeeding for children and mothers and the effective role of training in this process, studies have emphasized the importance of training, support, and follow-up. ...
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Background: Breastfeeding training among mothers is necessary to ensure the continuation of this behavior. Given the great benefits of breastfeeding for children and mothers and the effective role of training in this process, studies have emphasized the importance of training, support, and follow-up. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the impact of successful breastfeeding training on the knowledge and planning of pregnant women regarding this behavior in 2018.Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pre-/post-test design was carried out on 30 pregnant women with a gestational age of 32 weeks. At first, two comprehensive health centers were selected by cluster sampling. The dependent variable was successful breastfeeding, while the independent variables were awareness and planning for breastfeeding. The educational content was presented in three 45-minute sessions. Due to the lack of a standard questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared using the relevant references. After all, the data were entered into the SPSS 22 software and were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA.Results: The mean score of the mothers’ awareness of successful breastfeeding was increased from 49.97±3. 53 to 63.27±3.72 and that of their planning for successful breastfeeding was increased from 42.78±2.99 to 53.77±3.74; these differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). The results revealed no significant relationships between the mothers’ demographic characteristics and the questionnaire scores.Conclusion: Successful breastfeeding training can improve awareness and planning for breastfeeding, which can lead to the continuation and promotion of this behavior.
Mojtaba Jafarvand; Saeid Ahmadi; Ali Safari Variani; Sakineh Varmazyar
Abstract
Background: Awkward posture during work is one of the most critical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. A laptop desk fitting with users’ body dimensions plays a crucial role in maintaining proper posture and reducing musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to redesign and fabricate ...
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Background: Awkward posture during work is one of the most critical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. A laptop desk fitting with users’ body dimensions plays a crucial role in maintaining proper posture and reducing musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to redesign and fabricate a folding ergonomic laptop desk for college students.Methods: In this experimental applied study, two hundred and seven college students were considered participants to design an ergonomic laptop desk and fifty students for posture evaluation. Six anthropometric dimensions were measured: height, the height of elbows in the sitting position, elbow-elbow breadth, the length and height of both knees in the cross-legged sitting posture, and the length of the elbow-fingers. Then, two best selling laptop desks were selected and the RULA method assessed laptop users’ posture. Finally, using students’ anthropometric dimensions (n=207), a new laptop desk was designed and built in 2017.Results: The height of our designed laptop desk is adjustable (range of 20-28 cm), with a variable inclination of the desk (0- 34 degrees). It is possible to shorten or lengthen desk legs (48-72 cm), and a special plate of the mouse (19×46 cm) supports both elbows on the sides of the desk. RULA method showed action level 3, which required early change in desks 1 and 2.Conclusion: Applying user›s and expert opinions, measuring users› body dimensions, and applying those dimensions in design and construction can play a significant role in improving and correcting the laptop›s desks so that it could result in suitable posture in students.
Farhang Hooshmand; Vahid Rahmanian; Mohammad Shojaei; Karamatollah Rahmanian
Abstract
Background: The overall prevalence of metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype in Iranian adults is a matter of debate. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of metabolically unhealthystate in people over 30 years old in the general population in Southern Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional ...
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Background: The overall prevalence of metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype in Iranian adults is a matter of debate. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of metabolically unhealthystate in people over 30 years old in the general population in Southern Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional population-based study, 891 participants aged ≥30 were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The study examined age, sex, education, marital status, smoking behavior, weight, height, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profiles. MU was defined as the existence of at least two of four constituents of metabolic abnormalities based on ATP III criteria. Data analysis was carried out in Stata version 14. Finally, a logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for MU prevalence.Results: The overall prevalence of MU was 49.4%, corresponding to 37.5%, 55.6%, and 60.2% of normal weight, overweight, and obese participants, respectively. MU prevalence significantly increased from 30.6% in participants aged 30-39 years to 69.7% in participants aged 60 years or older. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that dyslipidemia (OR=2.98, CI95%:2.13-4.16), high LDL (OR=2.73, CI95%:1.77-4.20), obesity (OR=2.83, CI95%:1.84-4.36), overweight (OR=2.13, CI95%:1.53- 2.98), and higher age (OR=1.04, CI95%:1.03-1.05) was positively associated with the MU state.Conclusion: Metabolically unhealthy state is a public health problem in the study area. In terms of public health, screening for obesity and other metabolic disorders should be regularly performed in clinical practice to take appropriate preventive measures.
