Mehdi Zanganeh Baygi; Mostafa Peyvand
Abstract
Background: The National Campaign of Blood Pressure Control began for all people over 30 years old throughout Iran in June 2019. The authors conducted the present study to explain the experiences of service recipients about the blood pressure campaign in Iran. Methods: This study that isa qualitative ...
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Background: The National Campaign of Blood Pressure Control began for all people over 30 years old throughout Iran in June 2019. The authors conducted the present study to explain the experiences of service recipients about the blood pressure campaign in Iran. Methods: This study that isa qualitative one was conducted in 2019. The statistical population involved the people whose blood pressure was monitored during the campaign. Researchers applied purposive sampling using snowball technique until data saturation. They used content analysis to analyze the data. Results: 41 service recipients in comprehensive urban and rural health service centers under the coverage of Zaums entered the study. After analyzing the interviews, the researchers, in coding stage, extracted 29 initial concepts, nine sub-categories, and three main categories. Conclusion: Considering various opinions expressed by service recipients in the National Campaign of Blood Pressure Control and according to the analysis of obtained themes and codes, the researchers concluded that hypertension is one of the main concerns of young people, and it is highly significant to provide preventive services in this area, such as screening healthy people in terms of blood pressure and identifying patients
Mohebat Vali; Alireza Mirahmadizadeh; Zahra Maleki; Sima Afrashteh; Arefe Abedinzade; Farzaneh Kasraei; Haleh Ghaem
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus is among the pathogens that primarily target the respiratory system. Given the importance of Health Care Workers (HCWs) in the fight against COVID-19, their infection with the virus and death can cause irreparable damage to public health. The present systematic review and meta-analysis ...
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Background: Coronavirus is among the pathogens that primarily target the respiratory system. Given the importance of Health Care Workers (HCWs) in the fight against COVID-19, their infection with the virus and death can cause irreparable damage to public health. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the physical and psychological implications of COVID-19 among HCWs. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, some well-known databases were searched for the studies published before 26 June 2020 using the following search strategy: “Novel coronavirus pneumonia”, “Nurses”, “Physicians”, “Medical Staff, Hospital”, “Health Personnel”, and “Community Health Workers”. Finally, 101 out of the 2234 primary screened articles were assessed. Results: Of the total studies included, 54 were related to Physical problems, and 47 were related to Psychosocial Stress. Skin damage (54.48%), Nasal bridge (58.79%), and Dryness tightness (58.57%) were the most common Physical Problems, and Insomnia (32.03%) and Distress (29.34%) were the most common psychosocial problems among HCWs. Conclusion: Training and awareness of the treatment staff about the unwanted side effects of these diseases should be considered in educational programs in different countries because patient care depends on their availability.
Vahid Kazemi Moghaddam; Tony R. Walker; Manizhe Pakdel; Parvin Ahmadinejad; Ali Akbar Mohammadi
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has induced some negative environmental issues, especially in the waste management sector. In developing countries, handling waste is carried out by two groups: waste workers and waste pickers who are exposed to possible hazards of infected waste. In the present narrative review, ...
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The COVID-19 pandemic has induced some negative environmental issues, especially in the waste management sector. In developing countries, handling waste is carried out by two groups: waste workers and waste pickers who are exposed to possible hazards of infected waste. In the present narrative review, we searched for high-quality English publications in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. The COVID-19 pandemic led to several problems in waste management systems, especially in developing countries. Due to poor management systems, waste workers and pickers are likely exposed to health risks related to unhealthy waste handling. The support of governments is urgently required to properly inform ordinary people about the correct ways of disposing of PPE and also train sanitation workers and waste pickers to reduce the hazardous possibilities. Additionally, financial support can also act as a suppressive agent to reduce the number of waste pickers.
Zohre Shabbooie; Nasrin Shokrpour
Abstract
Background: Readability is one of the critical factors in choosing a suitable text to teach the students or ordinary people. Studies have shown that the readability of a text depends on the number of citations, type of article, journal impact factor, and journal scope. This study aimed at determining ...
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Background: Readability is one of the critical factors in choosing a suitable text to teach the students or ordinary people. Studies have shown that the readability of a text depends on the number of citations, type of article, journal impact factor, and journal scope. This study aimed at determining the readability in the most widely cited original English articles published in Iranian Medical Journals in 2018 and comparing them with the same type of articles in British and American Medical Journals; we also sought to determine the association between the level of readability of articles with the journal’s impact factor (IF) and the total number of citations. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, according to the search conducted in the database of the Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, we searched different databases of ISI journals, and the results showed us 80 journals. We selected one American and one British journal for each Iranian journal, which was similar in terms of the journal’s scope and impact factor. Then, the most cited original article in the latest issue of 2018 in each journal was extracted for review. Afterwards, we recorded five indicators of Iranian, American, or English journals, Impact Factor, number of citations to the article, journal’s scope, and GFI score in a data collection form. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: Comparison of mean Impact Factor, number of citations to articles, and GFI score between the three Iranian, English, and American Journal groups was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). Iranian journals' low GFI score of articles has caused the articles to be less cited (p-value = 0.022). Conclusion: The mean readability score of articles published in Iranian journals seems to be lower than that of American and British journals. The low level of readability score has a direct correlation with the low number of citations to articles
Saeedeh Ebrahimi; Marzieh Shahriari-Namadi; Saeed Shahabi; Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard; Hamzeh Alipour
Abstract
Background:Human head lice is one of the most invincible neglected skin diseases. The use of pyrethroid insecticides is a standard method of treating the disease, which leads to lice population resistance in the long run. The main aim of the current survey was to screen the biomarkers of permethrin-associated ...
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Background:Human head lice is one of the most invincible neglected skin diseases. The use of pyrethroid insecticides is a standard method of treating the disease, which leads to lice population resistance in the long run. The main aim of the current survey was to screen the biomarkers of permethrin-associated kdr (knockdown resistance) point mutations through molecular analysis of the human head lice populations in primary school children in the south of Iran. Methods: In an experimental study, Field-collected head lice from infested students were fixed in ethanol, identified using valid taxonomic keys, and processed by PCR for kdr mutant studies. Sequencing partial voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene in different head lice populations was subsequently implemented and compared with the permethrin-resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) as the gold standard. Results:Human head lice appeared to reflect kdr point mutations in specimens from the city of Shiraz. At least three amino acid mutations at designated sites of D820E, L840F, and N874G, corresponding to replacements of aspartic acid to glutamic acid, leucine to phenylalanine, and asparagine to glycine, are clear in this representative population, respectively. At the same time, only L840F is reported as a new mutant in this survey. Conclusion: The ongoing treatment of head lice infested in school children harboring kdr-mutated or permethrin-resistant mutants in Shiraz is risky, illogical, and contrary to the One Health initiative of the World Health Organization. Health executives should thus immediately take the indispensable steps to prohibit further procurement of permethrin.
Jalal Mohammadi; Mohsen Kalantari; Zahra Nasiri; Davood Mehrabani; Hamzeh Alipour; Mohammad Djafar Moemenbellah-Fard; Kourosh Azizi
Abstract
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is still widespread in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The vector of the disease is a sandfly, when infected with Leishmania parasite, can transmit the parasite from humans to other vertebrates. As knowledge about causative agents, vectors, and reservoirs ...
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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is still widespread in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The vector of the disease is a sandfly, when infected with Leishmania parasite, can transmit the parasite from humans to other vertebrates. As knowledge about causative agents, vectors, and reservoirs of VL in Iran is necessary to control the disease, the present review study has focused on the disease elimination status from a health perspective in the country. Methods: In a recent review, various databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, MEDLIB, Irandoc, Magiran, and SID were searched using the keywords “visceral leishmaniasis”, “VL”, “kala-azar”, “causative agent”, “parasite”, “vector”, “reservoir”, and “Iran”, and the retrieved data were extracted and reviewed independently during 2001-2019. Results: 475 published studies were recorded about VL in Iran from 2001 to 2021. 68 articles were later excluded from the study due to duplication after the initial review. Leishmania infantum and L. tropica were the causative agents, and dogs and humans were the reservoirs. The most common vectors were Phlebotomus major, P. kandelakii, P. keshishiani, P. alexandri, P. perfiliewi, and P. tobbi in different country regions. Conclusion: The prospect of eliminating VL in Iran is inadequate. Based on the findings, L. infantum and L. tropica were the causative agents, and humans and the Caninae subfamily were the VL reservoirs in the country. These findings can be added to the literature when health policymakers target preventive measures for VL in Iran.
Rozhan Khezri; Saeed Golfiroozi; Layla Shojaie; Hossein- Ali Nikbakht; Sepideh Jahanian; Zahra Maleki; Mousa Ghelichi- Ghojogh
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Mousa Bamir; Atousa Porshikhali; Ali Masoud; Reza Sadeghi
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Layla Shojaie; Rozhan Khezri; Mohaddese Mirzapour; Soraia Khafri; Mousa Ghelichi- Ghojogh; Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
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Gideon I.A Okoroiwu
Abstract
Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem in developing countries, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. About 43.0% of children under five years are anaemic worldwide, and two-third are residing in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of ...
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Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem in developing countries, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. About 43.0% of children under five years are anaemic worldwide, and two-third are residing in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk of anaemia, age and sex-related prevalence among the children aged 0-5 years in Gwagwalada area Council, Abuja. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted between February 2018 and October 2019 in four selected operating Clinics (Township; Angwan-Dodo Primary Health; Dagiri Primary Health and Paiko Primary Health Clinics); one hundred and fifty blood samples were collected using cluster random sampling from 0-5 year old children to determine the prevalence of anemia among them, using the standard Cyanmethaemoglobin method, with a view to establishing the age and sex mostly affected. Statistical analysis was done using Odds ratio (OR), Chi-square, and simple percentages. Results: Out of the 150 children with the mean standard deviation of 2.9 ± 1.09 years screened for anemia, 88(58.7%) had anemia, while the age-related prevalence was higher in 2-3 year old age group with 26(70.3%; OR= 2.03) followed by those within the age range of 3-4 years with 24 subjects (64.9%; OR = 1.59). The sex-related prevalence was higher in females with 48 subjects (61.5%); economic status, educational and job status of the children’s parents had a significant effect on the prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: The total prevalence rate of 58.7% of anemia among the children demands urgent attention to prevent anaemia associated complications among them. Continuous public health education programs for the mothers and caretakers of the children are suggested to upgrade their knowledge on anemia, higlighting the need and importance of proper nutrition with iron-supplement.
Mohammad Mehdi Golbini Mofrad; Mika Sillanpää; Iman Parseh; Afshin Ebrahimi; Mohammad Mehdi Amin
Abstract
Background: Treating working fluid wastewater (WFW) by having several organic/inorganic pollutants is not an easy task. There are many hurdles to adopt an appropriate treatment strategy through biological, physical, chemical, and electrochemical approaches. Methods: The treatment methods of WFW are reviewed ...
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Background: Treating working fluid wastewater (WFW) by having several organic/inorganic pollutants is not an easy task. There are many hurdles to adopt an appropriate treatment strategy through biological, physical, chemical, and electrochemical approaches. Methods: The treatment methods of WFW are reviewed in this work through a critical literature survey. Therefore, databases such as Google scholar, science direct, and PubMed were considered to find literature. Altogether, about 49 articles were finally found relevant to the topic to extract and interpret findings. Results: The best solution to treat WFW could be an integrated approach by designing various AOPs for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of main units. For this reason, and to meet discharge standards, measuring intermediates and the toxicity of reaction solution and final effluent by bioassay could be a complementary tool. Additionally, if the used AOP is a photocatalytic one, applying catalysts with a low energy bandgap and designing reactors to utilize the highest amount of energy is crucial to make a process cost-effective. Furthermore, using aeration could increase the number of radicals by supplying oxygen and removing contaminants from the reaction medium. Finally, if AOPs are the pretreatment unit, removing halogens should be done to predict floc breakage in the next step. Conclusion: Hybrid treatment approaches with at least 80% efficiency in degrading and removing micropollutants could be reliable methods to dispose of working fluid wastewater. However, further research on them in the future is essential because of discharging a considerable volume of them annually worldwide.
Fatemeh Baljani; Habib Khoshvaghti; Fatemeh Tavakoli; Vahid Fakhrzadeh; Hosein Eslami
Abstract
Background: The effect of laser on reducing inflammation has always been considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical studies on the effect of using low-power lasers on the production and activity of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α.Methods: This study is ...
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Background: The effect of laser on reducing inflammation has always been considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical studies on the effect of using low-power lasers on the production and activity of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α.Methods: This study is a systematic review of Google Scholar, PubMed, and SCOPUS database articles which was conducted from 1990 to 2021. All information was categorized in a table.Results: In the review conducted in the mentioned databases and according to the considered time period, 239 articles related to the searched terms were found through the abstract. After removing duplicate titles and articles, 31 articles were selected and a more detailed review by the evaluation team yielded 16 articles. The full texts of these 16 articles were reviewed. For the final selection, 13 articles met the inclusion criteria and included the objectives of the present study.Conclusion: Understanding the true mechanisms of low-level laser therapy (possible photochemical, photomechanical, and photobiological changes) and examining the relationship between cellular effects and changes in cytokines and clinical phenomena require numerous controlled clinical trials to develop an effective treatment protocol.
Mahsa Yarelahi; Masoud Karimi; Ebrahim Nazarifar; Elham Rezaian; Maryam Ghaedi; Abdolrahim Asadollahi
Abstract
Background: The lack of knowledge about menopausal care in couples and inappropriate coping with menopause symptoms can reduce the couples' quality of the marital relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the knowledge and ability of men to prevent menopause destructive effects on marital ...
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Background: The lack of knowledge about menopausal care in couples and inappropriate coping with menopause symptoms can reduce the couples' quality of the marital relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the knowledge and ability of men to prevent menopause destructive effects on marital relations and the well-being of the couples. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of men's menopausal care education on their marital satisfaction. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019 among 80 men in Shiraz, Iran. The samples were randomly selected using cluster random sampling method; they were equally divided into control and intervention groups. Four training sessions were held for the intervention group. The data were collected using a questionnaire on the menopausal knowledge and the ENRICH-10 questionnaire at the beginning and two months after the intervention and analyzed using SPSS v. 25 and Amos v. 21. Results: Based on the results, at the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference in the mean score of the menopausal knowledge and marital satisfaction between the intervention and control groups (p <0.0001). However, men's menopausal knowledge and their marital satisfaction in the intervention group significantly increased. No significant increase was found in men's menopausal knowledge or their marital satisfaction in the control group. Conclusion: Education can increase the men's ability to cope with menopausal symptoms. Therefore, providing family health counseling services in health centers and family counseling is recommended.
Swathy Moorthy; Teena Koshy; Mahesh Kumar K; Jasmine Chandra A; Emmanuel Bhaskar; Santhi Silambanan
Abstract
Background: Patients with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) present varying disease severity; with such heterogeneity in clinical presentations, it can be challenging to assess the severity and progression of the disease. In addition, no specific markers have been identified that would indicate the ...
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Background: Patients with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) present varying disease severity; with such heterogeneity in clinical presentations, it can be challenging to assess the severity and progression of the disease. In addition, no specific markers have been identified that would indicate the diagnosis or prognosis of the disease. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine whether a panel of hematological and inflammatory biomarkers were indicative of disease severity in the assessment and the prognosis of COVID-19. Methods: The retrospective cross sectional study was carried out in a university hospital in South India between May 2020 and September 2020. The participants were 997 patients with COVID-19, confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Information regarding demographics and laboratory tests was obtained from medical records. Association analysis was conducted using SPSS, version 16, and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer, calculated inflammatory ratios, and hemoglobin were significantly increased in cases of severe COVID-19. Leucocytosis with increased absolute neutrophil count and decreased absolute lymphocyte count were observed. Conclusion: Haematological and inflammatory markers mayindicate the severity of the disease. The severity of COVID-19 was indicated by elevated total white cells, increased neutrophillymphocyte, and platelet–lymphocyte ratios. Increasing levels of CRP indicated a severe prognosis of the disease. D-dimer elevations may indicate the incidence of thromboembolic episodes. Therefore, hematological indices were considered applicable in assessing the progression of the disease and for the risk stratification of the disease.
Haji Omid Kalteh; Ali Tajpoor; Seyed Hojat Mousavi Kordmiri
Abstract
Background: Teachers are exposed to work stress due to high workload, role conflict, and environmental conditions that affect their performance. The present study investigates the mediating role of occupational burnout between job stress and job performance among Iranian teachers.Methods: This is a cross-sectional ...
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Background: Teachers are exposed to work stress due to high workload, role conflict, and environmental conditions that affect their performance. The present study investigates the mediating role of occupational burnout between job stress and job performance among Iranian teachers.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, and the participants were 292 high school teachers in Golestan province in 2019. To collect the data, we used three questionnaires of the Maslach burnout inventory, Paterson’s job performance questionnaire, and Health and Safety Executive (HSE) stress indicator tool. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test, and structural equation modelling.Results: The findings showed that 19.9% of teachers had burnout. The SEM indicated a negative and significant relationship between occupational burnout (β=-0.226) and job performance and job stress and job performance (β=-0.428). The mediating role of occupational burnout between job stress and job performance in teachers was confirmed.Conclusion: Occupational burnout is a mediating variable for the impact of job stressors on human performance. The findings of this study showed that role conflict and the quality of the relationship between colleagues could be recognized as two stressors affecting performance.
Violet Alipour; Farah Naderi; Behnam Makvandi; Reza Pasha; Parviz Asgari
Abstract
Background: Given the chronic pain management complexities, achieving a model for managing chronic pain psychological dimensions is very important. Hence, the current study aimed to design a psychological empowerment model in chronic pain management. Methods: This qualitative method was conducted using ...
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Background: Given the chronic pain management complexities, achieving a model for managing chronic pain psychological dimensions is very important. Hence, the current study aimed to design a psychological empowerment model in chronic pain management. Methods: This qualitative method was conducted using a grounded theory approach; the main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The participants were 15 members of the treatment team and six patients with chronic pain, selected via theoretical and purposive sampling from 2018 to 2020. Data analysis was performed concurrently with data gathering based on Corbin and Strauss’s proposed method. Data validity was confirmed via Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Results: The developed psychological empowerment model in chronic pain management consists of six constructs including “pain reasoning”, “vulnerability”, “pain interactions”, “ailment”, “facing pain”, and “self-empowerment”. Among them “self-empowerment” was identified as the major concept or core category. The themes of pain reasoning and vulnerability were identified as the cause and background , respectively, which affected the phenomenon of ailment. In this regard, the themes pain interactions and facing pain were also recognized as the interferers and approaches which lead to self-empowerment like the consequences, if implemented properly. Conclusion: The developed model in this study, as a caring model, can be used for compensating the lack of attention to chronic pain psychological dimensions in chronic pain management. Its use in clinical settings requires further studies on testing the above model on patients with chronic pain.
Mohsen Poursadeqiyan; Nayyereh Kasiri; Behzad Khedri; Zahra Ghalichi Zaveh; Amin Babaei Pouya; Somayeh Barzanouni; milad Abbasi; Maryam Feiz Arefi; Farahnaz Khajehnasiri; Naser Dehghan
Abstract
Background: People’s participation in more efficient control of the disease and public awareness about the risk of COVID-19 affect their preventive behavior. This study examines the level of fear of COVID-19 infection in Iranian society after returning to social activities and business reopening. ...
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Background: People’s participation in more efficient control of the disease and public awareness about the risk of COVID-19 affect their preventive behavior. This study examines the level of fear of COVID-19 infection in Iranian society after returning to social activities and business reopening. Methods: This Cross-Sectional study consisted of urban dwellers in Iran, and the data gathering tool was a researcher-designed questionnaire. To design the instrument, the authors interviewed experts and ordinary people to determine the key questions . Then, the questions were modified and finalized based on the experts’ feedback and a reexamination by the experts after two weeks. An online version of the questionnaire was disseminated using social networks. 168 people were included in the study by the available sampling method. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics methods. Quantitative data as mean and standard deviation were reported, and the qualitative data were reported as numbers. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to examine the relationship between questions related to COVID-19 infection fear and demographic variables. Data analyses were done in SPSS 20. Results: The study was carried out on 168 participants, and 78 of them were employees of different offices. The participants believed that among the ways of spreading the disease, kissing and hugging (n=142, 84.5%), shaking hands (n=127, 75.6%), contact with the saliva of an infected person (n=116, 69.0%), and spread through the air (n=60, 35.7%) had the highest frequencies. Conclusion: Fear of COVID-19 infection in the participants was at moderate and above moderate levels. The participants also hoped that the vaccine would be found and made available to the public. Policy-makers in the health sector can use the results.
Fariba Azadikhah; Kamran Mehrabani; Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the second cause of death in Asian countries, and 39% of all new breast cancer cases are diagnosed in Asia. The current study was designed to identify different patterns of breast cancer incidence rates among Asian countries.Methods: In this secondary analysis study, information ...
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Background: Breast cancer is the second cause of death in Asian countries, and 39% of all new breast cancer cases are diagnosed in Asia. The current study was designed to identify different patterns of breast cancer incidence rates among Asian countries.Methods: In this secondary analysis study, information about the incidence rates of female breast cancer for 46 Asian countries was extracted from the Gapminder website from 1990 to 2016, and a growth mixture model was developed to describe the growth patterns and identify the main longitudinal trends in Mplus 7.4. Finally, the estimated trend in each cluster was characterized by intercept (the rate at 1990) and slope (the observed annual trend changes).Results: Our findings suggested an overall increasing trend throughout the continent, but individual trajectories showed different behavior patterns amongst countries. Bayesian information creation showed that the 3-cluster model was the best choice. The annual growth of -0.13 (per 100,000 persons) suggests a slight negative trend for the incidence rate of breast cancer in cluster one countries, including Bangladesh, Israel, Kyrgyz Republic, Maldives, Nepal, North Korea, Tajikistan, and Timor- Leste. Seventeen countries, including Armenia, Bahrain, Brunei, Cyprus, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, South Korea, and United Arab Emirates, which belonged to cluster 2 had not only a higher number of incidence rate in 1990, but also an annual growth of 0.96 (per 100,000 persons), indicating a sharp increase trajectory. Also, annual growth of 0.38 (per 100,000 persons) showed a slow increase in the incidence rate of breast cancer over time for the 21 remaining countries.Conclusion: The observed sharp increase of breast cancer incidence in Armenia, Bahrain, Brunei, Cyprus, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, South Korea, and United Arab Emirates is remarkable; therefore, effective strategies to prevent it are urgently required.
Shahrzad Raouf; Farshad Namdarifar; Emad Malekpour Shahraki; Sridhara Murthy
Abstract
Background: drug utilization studies are necessary to evaluate the rational use and associated risks of anticoagulants. This study aimed to identify drug utilization pattern and possible drug interactions with the use of anticoagulants in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. Methods: This prospective, ...
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Background: drug utilization studies are necessary to evaluate the rational use and associated risks of anticoagulants. This study aimed to identify drug utilization pattern and possible drug interactions with the use of anticoagulants in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted on 100 patients and anticoagulants utilization was assessed from Medicine ward of Bannerghatta Apollo hospital in Bangalore, India, during six months. Results: The most common indication for anticoagulants administration was ischemic heart disease (IHD) + acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with 47% and IHD alone with 22%. Most of the patients received single drug therapy, and parenteral drugs were more preferred than oral ones (91% vs. 6%). Among the medications, heparin (49%) followed by enoxaparin (29%) and fondaparinux (13%) were the most commonly prescribed drugs. Regarding laboratory tests, 29% of the patients were evaluated for the international normalized ratio (INR) and prothrombin time(PT). The finding showed that anticoagulants might interact with corticosteroids, some antibiotics such as piperacillin, azithromycin or other drugs such as tirofiban and losartan. Conclusion: Anticoagulant drug utilization pattern followed very commonly American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) guidelines. The inappropriate utilization patterns of anticoagulants may compromise the patient’s safety.
Zeynab Tabatabaei; Mohammad Ali Baghapour; Vafa Lotfi; Amin Samzadeh
Abstract
Background: Natural Organic Matters (NOMs) react in the presence of residual chlorine in distribution network pipes, producing such byproducts as Trihalomethanes which are carcinogenic and mutagenic. The present study was conducted to investigate the quality of drinking water in Shiraz. Methods: In this ...
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Background: Natural Organic Matters (NOMs) react in the presence of residual chlorine in distribution network pipes, producing such byproducts as Trihalomethanes which are carcinogenic and mutagenic. The present study was conducted to investigate the quality of drinking water in Shiraz. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 54 samples were taken from 27 locations in both summer and winter. For each sample, temperature, residual chlorine, pH, and NOM were measured during the two seasons. Residual chlorine and temperature measurement were performed at the sampling sites, but pH and NOM were measured in the laboratory. Results: According to the results, the mean concentrations of Total NOM (TNOM), residual chlorine, pH, and temperature varied from 0.9 to 5 m-1, 0 to 1.2 mg/L, 7.4 to 8 and 18 to 23.5 ᵒC in summer and from 0.3 to 1.5 m-1, 0 to 0.8 mg/L, 7.6 to 8.2 and 9.7 to 10.8 ᵒC in winter, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of all measured parameters, except for pH, were reported to be higher in summer than in winter. Conclusion: As a result, since the amount of NOM in the drinking water distribution network of Shiraz was not zero, regular monitoring of these compounds in the distribution networks is recommended to be done by engineers.
Maryam Changizi; Niloofar Ahmadloo; Mohammad Hossein Kaveh; Leila Ghahramani
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide. The phe scale is the first credible measurement tool to delve into critically ill patients’ experiences and emotional state and detect their level of engagement in the treatment and care process. However the Persian ...
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Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide. The phe scale is the first credible measurement tool to delve into critically ill patients’ experiences and emotional state and detect their level of engagement in the treatment and care process. However the Persian version of the scale needs to be further investigated. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric features of the patient health engagement scale (phe s) in Iranian patients suffering from breast cancer.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The sample size was estimated by multiplying the total number of items by ten. The sample size was estimated for this 5-item scale 128 breast cancer patients who referred to a specialized clinic in 2020. Content validity and reliability analysis were performed, and the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS26 software and R content validity package.Results: The ordinal alpha of thesample was 0.626, indicating an acceptable internal consistency. The analysis of the rash model revealed an acceptable infit and outfit MNSQ (685-932). The polychoric correlation coefficient within the items was 46, representing a moderate correlation. All the factor loadings had a high value (0>60), thereby confirming the single dimensionality of the scale.Conclusion: The phe scale has favorable reliability and validity to assess the patients’ emotional adjustment and their engagement in their health and self-management before designing and implementing any intervention.
Aliasghar Masihi Nezhad; Amena Barikani; Maryam Javadi
Abstract
Background: Probiotics are non-pathogen microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the gut system. The Health personnel are responsible for treating the patients, which is a sensitive role; therefore, their knowledge, attitude, and consumption of probiotics are important. Methods: A cross-sectional ...
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Background: Probiotics are non-pathogen microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the gut system. The Health personnel are responsible for treating the patients, which is a sensitive role; therefore, their knowledge, attitude, and consumption of probiotics are important. Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned to evaluate personnel. Random sampling was conducted to select 136 persons as study samples from 275 personnel willing to participate in the study. Data collected using a self-made questionnaire consisted of demographic data, awareness, attitude, and behavioral items. Descriptive, correlation, and regression statistics were performed using SPSS ver. 22. Results: Total awareness score of personnel about probiotics was medium. No significant associations were found between total awareness score and gender, education, and field of education (P>0.050) except for age (P=0.008) and acquaintance (P=0.003). The younger group and experienced participants were more aware of probiotics than others. Most of the personnel had positive attitudes about probiotics. The study showed no correlation between attitude and variables, including genus (P=0.150), education (P=0.507), field of study (P=0.756), and acquaintance of personnel (P=0.259). The personnel’s overall behavior score did not correlate with genus (P=0.841), age (P=0.955), education level (P=o.527), field of study (P=0.955), and acquaintance (P=0.832). Logistic regression indicated that total awareness predicts personnel’s behavior. Conclusion: Shiraz health centers Personnel had no considerable awareness about probiotics. Personnel’s attitudes toward probiotics were positive, but lack of knowledge, high price, and limited access to probiotic products resulted in low consumption.
Tayeb Mohammadi; Hadi Raeisi Shahraki; Jalal Poorolajal; Roya Najafi-Vosough; Khadijeh Najafi-Ghobadi; Javad Faradmal
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, breast cancer (BC) metastasis is a nightmare for women and one of the main challenges among researchers worldwide. Unlike traditional statistical methods that are not able to handle and take into account the complexity of effects and existence of interactions among predictor variables, ...
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Background: Nowadays, breast cancer (BC) metastasis is a nightmare for women and one of the main challenges among researchers worldwide. Unlike traditional statistical methods that are not able to handle and take into account the complexity of effects and existence of interactions among predictor variables, the decision trees can overcome these problems. This study aimed to predict and identify the main prognostic factors of BC metastasis status (binary response) using decision tree modeling.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 375 patients with BC who had registered with the Comprehensive Cancer Control Center from 1998 to 2013. Some demographic features related to the conditions of the Person’s disease and the type of treatment received were recorded. We applied a tree-based approach using the Gini index as the homogeneity criterion to explore the factors affecting metastasis occurrence in BC patients.Results: The mean (SD) age of BC patients with and without metastasis was 55.7 (12.4) and 43.1 (7.2) years, respectively (P<0.001). The rate of metastasis was 33.3%. The five most important risk factors for metastasis of tumor proposed by tree diagram were age at diagnosis, grade of tumor, type of surgery, number of deliveries, and axillary surgery. The prediction accuracy of the proposed model was 84.3%, and its sensitivity and specificity were 66.4% and 93.2%, respectively.Conclusion: Age at diagnosis was the most important factor for predicting breast cancer metastasis, so that breast cancer patients aged over 54 were at high risk of metastasis.
Sara Kahvaei; Afshin Takdastan; Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, the discharge of effluents containing chemicals through manufacturers or consumer industries causes major environmental problems. In this study, we assessed the effect of sludge reversal of the clarifier unit on enhancing the coagulant performance of Poly-Aluminum chloride in the ...
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Background: Nowadays, the discharge of effluents containing chemicals through manufacturers or consumer industries causes major environmental problems. In this study, we assessed the effect of sludge reversal of the clarifier unit on enhancing the coagulant performance of Poly-Aluminum chloride in the removal of turbidity/COD/PVC from PVC effluent of Bandar Imam Khomeini petrochemical plant and reduction of the amount of coagulant and costs. Methods: The experiments were carried out by Jar test with poly aluminum chloride (PAC); the returned sludge, as the assisting coagulant, and the amplitude of the differentiates including (5.5-11) pH of coagulant concentration (10-140mg/L) and concentration of returned sludge (2-20 ml) were investigated. To ensure the accuracy and precision, we repeated each stage of the experiment three times. Results: The results showed that the most optimal conditions for coagulant were at pH=8 and the optimum dose of poly aluminum chloride was 25 mg/L plus 5ml of the clear sludge volume in the clarifier. The removal efficiency of turbidity, COD, and PVC under optimum conditions of Poly-Aluminum chloride were reported 99.71%, 97.19%, and 99.55%, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that the sludge of the clarifier, as the main assisting coagulant, in addition to increasing the efficiency of the removal turbidity of COD and PVC reduced the dose of the main coagulant.
Mohamadali Ghodratollahifard; Sajad Aminimanesh; Mahbobeh Chinaveh
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the mediating role of anxiety tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation concerning childhood harms and the occurrence of symptoms of avoidant personality disorder in nurses at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: 291 nurses at Shiraz University of Medical ...
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Background: This study evaluated the mediating role of anxiety tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation concerning childhood harms and the occurrence of symptoms of avoidant personality disorder in nurses at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: 291 nurses at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated in this descriptive correlational cross-sectional study in 2020.They were selected by simple cluster sampling. The instruments used in the present study included the Childhood Injury Questionnaire, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Millon-3 Clinical Multi-Axis Questionnaire (MCMI-III), and the DTS Distress Tolerance Questionnaire. To analyze the statistical data, the Pearson correlation coefficient method was used by SPSS software version 16, and to determine the fit of the studied model, the structural equation model in AMOS-22 software was used to analyze the path of observable variables. Results: The present study’s findings showed that the childhood physical abuse in the final model indirectly affected nurses’ APD through the adaptive/maladaptive styles of cognitive emotion regulation. Thus, with increased childhood physical abuse, the rate of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation styles of nurses decreased and the rate of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation styles increased; as a result, their avoidant personality disorder increased. Conclusion: The present study results showed that nurses who were abused or mistreated during childhood were more likely to display signs of APD in their adulthood.
